By:Cherry Dale D. Daumar

MODULE 2TWO-DIMENSIONAL

INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA

Introduction At this time, even how advance the

generation is, when you visit classrooms, the most common instructional material you will find are those that are two-dimensional.

2D instructional material is consist of only length and width. They are

paper based, opaque material that are commonly found in classrooms.

Common types of 2D instructional Material

• Boards• Graphic Materials• Picture and Photographs• Postcards• Flashcards

Boards• a vertical surface on which information can be

displayed to public viewTypes of Boards

1. Chalk Boards2. White Boards and Magnetic Boards3. Cloth Boards(Felt, Fannel,and Carpet)4.Hook-and Loop Boards (Velcro Boards)5. Pegboards6.Bulletin Boards

1. Chalk Boards• These are the most

common instructional media found in classrooms, rural and urban alike.

• Aside from using it as a medium for verbal communication, it is also used as surface where pictures, posters, graphs, charts and etc.

Advantages:• Generally suitable

for different age groups, class size, and subject matter.

• It is not dependent to electricity.

• It is economical and reusable

Limitations:• Chalk dust can

trigger asthma or respiratory problem

• Does not provide permanent records

• Some information cannot presented well using a chalkboard.

2. Whiteboards and Magnetic boards• Also sometimes called multipurpose boards• These with glossy surface, commonly white

in color, where non-permanent markings are made with the use of special felt pens.

• White boards becomes a magnetic boards when it is made with metal base.

• Become popular around the 90’s when there was a growing concerns on the potential health risks of chalk dust.

Advantages :• Using markers does

not generate dust that comes from using the erasing chalk.

• Whiteboards marker is easier to hold and write with compared to chalk and marking a whiteboards takes less time.

Limitations: • The white backgrounds

can cause problems to those with vision impartment.

• Left-handed person may find it difficult to write on these boards because left-handed individuals usually write with their hand curved around the pen therefore causing their hand to drag across the strokes previously made.

White Boards r Magnetic Boards

3. Cloth boards (Felt, Fannel, and Carpet)

• This is a piece of plywood or heavy cardboard covered with either felt, fannel or carpet. The fuzzy surface of a felt, fannel, or carpet allows visual material with appropriate backing adhere.

Cloth boards (Felt, Fannel, and Carpet)

4. Hook-and Loop Boards (Velcro Boards)

• A plywood or heavy card board is covered with a nylon loop material and the nylon hooks are adhere on the back of the instructional materials to be displayed on the board.

Hook-and Loop Boards (Velcro Boards)

5. Pegboards

• Are made of tempered masonite with 1/8- inch holes drilled 1 inch apart. These boards are used in displaying three-dimensional objects or heavy materials with the use of hooks inserted into the boards.

Pegboards

6. Bulletin Boards

• Are generally not used directly in instruction but tend to be supplement.

• These boards are usually designed as an instructional device that can carry message with out the presence of a teacher.

• Uses: display notice, and announcements, classroom rules, and procedures, seasonal items, and student work.

Bulletin Boards

Graphic Materials• Translate abstract ideas and

relationships into a concrete form. They are non-photographic, two –dimensional materials designed to communicate a message to the viewer.• They often include verbal as well as

visual symbols.

Advantages: • Convey certain types of information in a

condensed form• Readily available • Can be easily carried from one place to place

Limitations: • Not interactive• Lack depth and motion• Can be easily misinterpreted

• Types of graphic materials;1. drawing and sketch2. cartoons3. strip drawing4. posters5. charts6. graphs7.diagrams8.maps

1. Drawings and Sketches

• Drawing and Sketches employ the use of lines, either simple or crude. They may not be the real thing but they may present persons, places, things, and concepts.

Drawings are more finished and representational compared to sketches.

Sketches usually lack details such as stick figures .

2. Cartoons• Cartoons use

symbolism and oftentimes bold exaggeration to present at a glance a message or point concerning news event , people or situations.

3. Strip Drawings• It is a form of cartooning in

which a cast of character enacts a story in a sequence of closely related drawings.

• Scrip drawings is a more accurate term for the commonly called comics or comic strip.

• Scrip drawings can be used for motivation or starter for a lesson.

4. Posters• Posters are combination

of lines, images, colors and words. Intended to catch attention and communicate a message quickly.

• Can be used to stimulate interest in a new topic, a special class, or a new event.

5. Charts• Charts are graphic representation of abstract

relationships such as chronologies, quantities, and hierarchies.

Common types of Charts:• Organization charts• Classification charts• Time lines• Tabular charts or tables • Flowcharts or process charts• Tree or stream chart• Gannt Chart

• Organizational Charts• Shows an organization’s structure or

chain of command. It illustrates the interrelationship between parts of an organization.

• Classification Charts • They are similar to

organization charts but its purpose is to show the classification or categorization of objects or species.

• Time Lines• Time lines show in

sequence different events or the relationship of people and events.

• They are very helpful in summarizing series of events.

•Tabular Charts or Tables

• Contain numerical information or data in a table or columns.

•Flowcharts or Process Charts

• These kind of charts show a process, sequence, or procedure.

•Tree or stream charts• These kind of charts

shows change, growth or development by beginning with a single course and then spreads out into many branches or by beginning w/ many branches w/c then come together into single channel.

• Gannt Chart

• Is an activity time chart that illustrate the start and finish dates of a certain activity or project.

6. Graphs• Graphs show quantitative data. These kind of

graphics make analysis and interpretation of numerical information easier.

Common types of Graphs• Line graphs• Bar graphs• Pie graph• Solid graphs• pictographs

• Line graphs

• Are used when plotting trends of relationship between series data.• Shows the progress

over a period of time.

• Bar graphs

• The simplest and easiest to read. The data are presented in horizontal or vertical bars.

• While the widths of the bar are the same, its length represents the amount or percentage data.

• Pie graphs

• Always present whole amounts and its parts are calculated in percentage or fractional parts.

• Solid graphs

• Used to compare several related totals thru the use of geometric shapers.

• Pictographs

• Graphs are utilize related pictures or drawing to show numerical data. It is an adaptation of bar graph.

7. Diagrams• Are intended to show relationship or to help

explain a process, how something works or how something is constructed.

Common types of Diagrams• Cloud diagram• Chain of events• Fishbone mapping• Cycle• Compare/ contrast• Venn diagram

• Cloud diagrams

• Used in a nonlinear activity wherein ideas, images, and feelings are generated around a stimulus word.

• Chain of events

• Diagram illustrates the stages of an event, the action of a character or the steps in a procedure.

• Fishbone mapping

• Used to show causal interaction of a complex event or complex phenomenon.

• Cycle

• Illustrates how series of events interact to produce a set of result such as the life cycle.

• Compare/ Contrast

• A diagram that is used to show similarities and differences.

• Venn diagram

• Used to show relationship between sets, similarities and differences between character, stories or poem.

8. Maps

• Maps are representations of earth’s surface or a part of it.

Types of maps:• Political maps• Physical maps• Commercial or Economic Maps

Pictures and Photographs• Generic term picture

includes any kind of opaque representation of visual images w/c includes drawings, photographs, pictures in books and magazines, or any medium open to the artist’s interpretation.

Postcards • These are

commercially printed with space on one side for an address and postage stamp used for sending a short message through mail.

Flashcards• These material are

used for all drill activities in teaching certain topics.

• Flash cards may contain words, phases, sentences, math combination or pictures.

Reference:• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?

q=Classification+Charts&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=KjWVH25jSYyZxM:&imgrefurl=http://rohlenscience.pbworks.com/w/page/7859192/Insects-Notes&imgurl=http://rohlenscience.pbworks.com/f/1251375466/ClassificationChart.gif&w=309&h=400&ei=w5qyTb3rE424vgPHm8mJBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&page=1&tbnh=121&tbnw=93&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&biw=1124&bih=509

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Timelines&hl=en&sa=X&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=hZKzFZPm1D5wXM:&imgrefurl=http://www.ncs-tech.org/%253Fp%253D1075&imgurl=http://www.ncs-tech.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/circavie.jpg&w=450&h=301&ei=iZuyTejgAoX2vwP2p8j-Bg&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=117&tbnw=173&start=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0&biw=1124&bih=509

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Tabular+Charts+or+Tables&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=7Xp73-za1_GsjM:&imgrefurl=http://sonic.net/mnitepub/pccafe/reviews/macromedia_dreamweaver3/index.html&imgurl=http://sonic.net/mnitepub/pccafe/reviews/macromedia_dreamweaver3/tabular_table.gif&w=500&h=271&ei=CpyyTd28FIWWvAPvo42HBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=82&tbnw=151&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0&biw=1124&bih=509http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Flow+Charts+for+Process+Charts&hl=en&sa=X&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=hJujSqODNXuwKM:&imgrefurl=http://www.presentationmagazine.com/create-your-own-flow-chart-or-process-flow-slides-551.htm&imgurl=http://www.presentationmagazine.com/powerpoint-templates/00422/468slide2.jpg&w=468&h=351&ei=t5yyTdPMDovovQOS1PiGBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&page=1&tbnh=121&tbnw=181&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:0&biw=1124&bih=509

• • http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?

q=Tree+or+stream+charts&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=cVw8L5lwEXDEcM:&imgrefurl=http://www.familydetails.com/community/Articles/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/2074/A-Family-Tree-Diagram-Keeping-The-Genes.aspx&imgurl=http://www.familydetails.com/images/articles/family-tree-chart-3f41.png&w=397&h=500&ei=J52yTZbXBYTyvQP08pmVBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&page=1&tbnh=119&tbnw=94&start=0&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0&biw=1124&bih=509

Reference:• http://www.thefreedictionary.com/board• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=powerpoint+backgrounds+school&um=1&hl=en&tbm=isch&tbnid=-G-

R_af39gk5bM:&imgrefurl=http://www.freeppttemplates.net/default.asp%253Fpind• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?

q=animated+chalkboard&um=1&hl=en&tbm=isch&tbnid=s0uYvZdgvZUAAM:&imgrefurl=http://www.zingerbug.com/graphic.php%253FMyFile%253Dback_2_skool_chalkboard.php%2526ID%253DC381.php&imgurl=http://www.zingerbug.com/holidays/glitter_graphics/back_2_skool_chalkboard.gif&w=325&h=239&ei=sI2yTY7hGIicvgPHuJSLBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=159&tbnw=230&start=0&ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0&biw=11

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=comic+strip&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=PS6Rd6Um9pz-4M:&imgrefurl=http://forums.techguy.org/thread-games-arcade-discussion/574930-google-picture-game-237.html&imgurl=http://forums.techguy.org/attachments/173023d1276526533/comic-strip.gif&w=725&h=519&ei=OpiyTffNEoiSuAPK-JyXBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=117&tbnw=163&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0&biw=1124&bih=474

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=poster&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=_xxoWedk7duc-M:&imgrefurl=http://www.un.org/events/peaceday/2007/commemoration_burundi.shtml&imgurl=http://www.un.org/events/peaceday/2007/images/idp-poster-07.gif&w=640&h=960&ei=N5myTd6vGY26vQPa5dGiBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=2&tbnh=167&tbnw=111&start=14&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:9,s:14&biw=1124&bih=474

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Organizational+Charts&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=cEFSLaPJ8TJxlM:&imgrefurl=http://extension.missouri.edu/main/about/orgcharts/index.aspx&imgurl=http://extension.missouri.edu/main/about/orgcharts/EXT-ORG-CHART-June06.jpg&w=563&h=439&ei=lZqyTcPNKYuevQPSrLmKBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=4&tbnh=166&tbnw=213&start=27&ndsp=9&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:27&biw=1124&bih=509

Reference:• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?

q=area+graphs&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=YFdREMLJk_hhdM:&imgrefurl=http://infosthetics.com/archives/2009/01/nba_basketball_team_heat_maps.html&imgurl=http://infosthetics.com/archives/nba_graphs2.jpg&w=600&h=569&ei=1Z-yTbDFOYymvgOuq_WFBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=3&tbnh=168&tbnw=177&start=26&ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:26&biw=1124&bih=509

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Pictorial+graphs&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=dyBm336gLJJCzM:&imgrefurl=http://www.tutorvista.com/math/tally-marks-graph-problems&imgurl=http://image.wistatutor.com/content/feed/u352/tally%252520graph.PNG&w=301&h=397&ei=lqCyTayMOIuMvQOpnpGjBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&page=7&tbnh=167&tbnw=127&start=51&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:7,s:51&biw=1124&bih=509

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Cloud+diagrams&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=tLtd4D1-sQdkIM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mkbergman.com/457/a-new-constellation-in-the-linking-open-data-lod-sky/&imgurl=http://www.mkbergman.com/wp-content/themes/ai3/images/2008Posts/080922_lod-datasets.png&w=720&h=557&ei=GqGyTZ2NBoe6vQPirLCPBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=121&tbnw=158&start=0&ndsp=18&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0&biw=1124&bih=509

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Chain+of+events&hl=en&sa=G&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=0aW6WZ6AB9XzqM:&imgrefurl=http://www.gutsense.org/gutsense/autism.html&imgurl=http://www.gutsense.org/gutsense/img/Autism_Flowchart.jpg&w=491&h=759&ei=vqGyTcvHAYy6vQO8rpmZBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=2&tbnh=166&tbnw=107&start=20&ndsp=9&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:20&biw=1124&bih=509

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Fishbone+mapping&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=bsY7chp248KtAM:&imgrefurl=http://www.mindmapper.com/pro/pro2_2.asp%253FMENU%253Dm1&imgurl=http://www.mindmapper.com/images/v50/mm50_34.jpg&w=432&h=276&ei=O6KyTfywMYm8uwPWs_D-Bg&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=125&tbnw=196&start=0&ndsp=12&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0&biw=1124&bih=509

Reference:• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?

q=Cycle&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=IxINpHzrWCcLeM:&imgrefurl=http://www.solcomhouse.com/hydrologiccycle.htm&imgurl=http://www.solcomhouse.com/images/hydroweath.jpg&w=575&h=584&ei=LKOyTf-PEpC4vQPzs9CJBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=5&tbnh=169&tbnw=156&start=37&ndsp=9&ved=1t:429,r:4,s:37&biw=1124&bih=509

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Compare/+Contrast&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=iC4a6um2lLruyM:&imgrefurl=http://www.grossmont.edu/lucinda.sawyer/week12.htm&imgurl=http://www.grossmont.edu/lucinda.sawyer/images/matrix2.gif&w=438&h=295&ei=maOyTYH9LYfcvwPi1bmGBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=3&tbnh=161&tbnw=239&start=28&ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:28&biw=1124&bih=509

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Venn+diagram&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=QsPLkfWB842OXM:&imgrefurl=http://berniesumption.com/photography/beginners-guide-for-geeks/&imgurl=http://berniesumption.com/photography/files/2010/10/venn-diagram.gif&w=225&h=225&ei=E6SyTZKaMYjyvwOD0qyNBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=8&tbnh=166&tbnw=166&start=66&ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:66&biw=1124&bih=474

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Pictures+and+Photographs&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=fzoaVf3aaNjxbM:&imgrefurl=http://www.sauria.com/blog/tag/photographs/&imgurl=http://farm1.static.flickr.com/166/337186911_610dabe6cc.jpg&w=500&h=333&ei=s6SyTZaAB5GSuwOQvvmTBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&page=1&tbnh=111&tbnw=142&start=0&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:10,s:0&biw=1124&bih=509

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Postcards&hl=en&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=AED-JhsbPCXYWM:&imgrefurl=http://www.limavadyhigh.co.uk/2009/11/&imgurl=http://www.limavadyhigh.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/postcards.jpg&w=499&h=357&ei=jKWyTf3UKYSGvAO89c2LBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&page=2&tbnh=169&tbnw=214&start=9&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:8,s:9&biw=1124&bih=509

Reference:• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?

q=Gantt+Chart&hl=en&sa=G&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=FNHWGOwNnxOw1M:&imgrefurl=http://wordsmithbob.com/blog/403/your-most-important-client-or-customer/&imgurl=http://wordsmithbob.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/gantt-chart-your-most-important-client-or-customer-is-you.gif&w=591&h=344&ei=tZ2yTZqVDoS6vwOf-42bBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&page=1&tbnh=128&tbnw=220&start=0&ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0&biw=1124&bih=509]

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Line+graphs&hl=en&sa=G&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=J4a3kTG9LxOPuM:&imgrefurl=http://www.lisisoft.com/tools/line-graph.html&imgurl=http://www.lisisoft.com/imglisi/7/HelpfileTools/31450line-graph.gif&w=325&h=325&ei=Wp6yTeLJAoTsuAObh-WKBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&page=1&tbnh=115&tbnw=115&start=0&ndsp=12&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&biw=1124&bih=509

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Bar+graphs&hl=en&sa=G&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=cY-BvEi3R23-6M:&imgrefurl=http://www.slidewrite.com/Samples.asp&imgurl=http://www.slidewrite.com/images/1x2_3dbar.gif&w=420&h=328&ei=0Z6yTb_-DoLqvQOoy62aBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&page=10&tbnh=173&tbnw=222&start=82&ndsp=8&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:82&biw=1124&bih=509

• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=Pie+graphs&hl=en&sa=G&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=9-kASUUlfUXOwM:&imgrefurl=http://www.designfreebies.org/design-tutorials/vector-tutorials/vector-tutorial-creating-a-killer-3d-pie-chart-in-illustrator/&imgurl=http://www.designfreebies.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/gdfr-illustrator-pie-chart-finall.jpg&w=450&h=329&ei=OZ-yTafODY-2vQP1hN2YBw&zoom=1&iact=hc&page=1&tbnh=162&tbnw=222&start=0&ndsp=9&ved=1t:429,r:6,s:0&biw=1124&bih=509

Thank you ...