AP CalculusCheat Cheat BookBy: Millie, Shi and Mei Ying

About the authors

I’m Shi Huang, a AP Calculus AB student. I am a senior from HSES. Math is my favorite subject because is challenging and fun; therefore, I took AP calculus during my senior year. I will major in math and science in college and hope to become a professional doctor in the future.

I am Millie Tang. I am a senior in Ms. Zhao’s AP Calculus AB class. I am a bit shy at school but I am really loud at home. One of my academic goals is to graduate and get a degree from Baruch College. Another goal is of course to have above a 3.0 GPA in College.

I am Mei Ying Chen, or call me Joey. I am a senior in Ms. Zhao's AP Calculus AB class and I am the class monitor. I considered myself as a friendly and optimistic person Next year, I am going to City College of New York. I didn’t decide my major yet but I want to study abroad. Lastly, I hope I receive a “5” on the AP Calculus Exam…

Chapter 1 – Limits and Continuity

What is limits? Limit is the approximated value of f(x) in a given function as x approaches to a certain point.

Limits exist when…the limit approach from both theleft and right sides are equal. If :

then limit exist

Limit does not exist when…Limit approach from the left side and right side are not equal.Ex: = DNE= 2 = 4 Then = DNE

What is continuous?A graph is continuous when there is no interruption, no gaps, no holes or no jumps in the graph of the function. A graph is continuous when …~ f(a) is define ~ ~ = f(a)

What is discontinuous?A graph is discontinuous when there is a gap, hole or jump. It is also discontinuous when limit does not equal to value of f(x).Ex: = 1 f(2)= 1.5Therefore it is discontinuous

You can find the limit by … ~ Graphing

To find the limit graphically, need to trace a certain point from the left side and right side of the function.

Ex: Then

~ Algebraically To find the limit algebraically, need to simplify, cancel out common factors, then substitute.Ex: = - Simplify ----------------- > Cancelation -------------- > Substitution --------------- > = -

~ Numerically To find the limit numerically, need to find Closest values to x from both positive andnegative side. Substitute the x values and find the closest to value of f(x).Ex: = 0.25

Chapter 2 - Derivatives

What are derivatives?Derivatives tell s the change of the

rate of any x-value in the function. Derivatives is just another word for finding the slope at that specific point in the function.Finding the derivative by Limit Process:

 

After we went over the general rules of finding derivative, let’s solve a derivative related question:

There are several rules to find the derivative which are the following:Product Rule:

Quotient Rule:

Chapter 2 - Continued

Sum and Difference Rule:

Power Rule:

Chain Rule:

These are some common derivatives

In calculus, an antiderivative, also known as the indefinite integral of a function f - is a differentiable function F whose derivative is equal to f. The process of solving for antiderivatives is called antidifferentiation (or indefinite integration) and its opposite operation is called differentiation, which is the process of finding a derivative.

Chapter 3 -Antiderivative

More about AntiderivativeThe notation used to refer to antiderivative

is the indefinite integral. means the antiderivative of f with respect to x.

If F is an antiderivative of f , we can write

= F + C C is the constant of integrationA Definite Integral can be evaluate by

using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

The Two Fundamental Theorem of CalculusI. The First Fundamental Theorem of

Calculus. f(x) is continuous on [a,b], F(x) is an

antiderivative of f(x), then

II. The Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus If f(x) is continuous on [a,b] then g(x)= Is also continuous on [a,b] and g’(x)=

Let’s do some practices1. Find the antiderivative of f(x)= Step 1: Indefinite integral

Step 2: Apply rule ( *recall: ) = = + C

2. Evaluate Step 1: Separate definite Integral

Step 2: find antiderivative = - [ + [9x] Step 3: Substitute values = [- - ] + [(9)(3)-(9)(-3)]Step 4: Simplify = 0 + 36 = 36

Evaluating Definite Integrals with Substitution

Alright, last example

4. Evaluate Substitute 2 with (t +1) = (2+1)(4x) -- multiply it by

the derivative of 2

= 8

Let’s learn some common antiderivatives…

The antiderivative of a function is a function plus a constant of integration(represent by letter C).

Citation http://

www.nr.edu/chalmeta/271DE/Section%203.2.pdfhttp://

www.analyzemath.com/calculus/continuity/continuous_functions.html

Ms.Zhao notes.http://mszhao.com/files/4.5%20-%20How%20do%

20we%20evaluating%20definite%20integrals%20with%20substituiton.pdf

http://www.wyzant.com/help/math/calculus/integration/antiderivatives