Post on 25-Feb-2016
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C1a 3 Crude oilC1a 3 Crude oilBurning fuels and cleaner Burning fuels and cleaner
fuelsfuels
Learning objectivesLearning objectives Understand what is produced when Understand what is produced when
fuels burnfuels burn Know what can be done to reduce Know what can be done to reduce
the problemthe problem
Fuel gas
Petrol / gasoline
NaphthaParaffin / Kerosine
Diesel fuel
Fuel and lubricating oilBitumen
Burned in the refinery to fuel the distillation process, sold as LPG, purified and sold as bottled camping gas
Fuel for cars and motorcycles, also used to make chemicals.
Used to make chemicals.
Fuel for greenhouse heaters and jet engines, manufacture of chemicals.
Fuel for lorries, trains.
Fuel for the heating systems of large buildings, fuel for ships, lubricating oil.
Roofing, and road surfaces.
Fractions of crude oilFractions of crude oil
Burning fuelsBurning fuels Burning – chemical reaction of Burning – chemical reaction of
combustioncombustion Fuel reacts with oxygenFuel reacts with oxygen
Chemical reaction – new productsChemical reaction – new products
Is this a balanced reaction?Is this a balanced reaction? Complete combustionComplete combustion
propane + oxygen water + carbon dioxide
C3H8 + O2 H2O + CO2
Burning hydrocarbons Burning hydrocarbons
any hydrocarbon + oxygen water + carbon dioxide
Suctionpump
Candle wax is thehydrocarbon here
ice-water
Liquid collectedcan be tested withanhydrous cobalt chloridepaper (bluepink).
Lime water
Greenhouse effectGreenhouse effect1.1. Sun’s rays enter Sun’s rays enter
the Earth’s the Earth’s atmosphere atmosphere
2.2. Heat is reflected Heat is reflected back from the back from the Earth’s surface Earth’s surface
3.3. Heat is absorbed Heat is absorbed by carbon dioxide by carbon dioxide (greenhouse gas) (greenhouse gas) and as a result and as a result becomes trapped becomes trapped in the Earth’s in the Earth’s atmosphere atmosphere
4.4. The Earth becomes The Earth becomes hotter as a result hotter as a result
Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide
Not just hydrocarbonsNot just hydrocarbons Crude oil also contains impuritiesCrude oil also contains impurities
Can cause problemsCan cause problems Sulphur (sulfur)Sulphur (sulfur) Reacts with oxygen – sulphur dioxideReacts with oxygen – sulphur dioxide
Poisonous gasPoisonous gas Acidic (acid rain)Acidic (acid rain) Damages enginesDamages engines
Other problemsOther problems Incomplete combustion – not enough Incomplete combustion – not enough
oxygenoxygen Carbon monoxideCarbon monoxide Poisonous gasPoisonous gas Stops red blood cells carrying oxygenStops red blood cells carrying oxygen
High temp – nitrogen and oxygen react High temp – nitrogen and oxygen react togethertogether Nitrogen oxidesNitrogen oxides Poisonous gases (acid rain)Poisonous gases (acid rain) Health problems (asthma)Health problems (asthma)
ParticulatesParticulates Diesel engines – burn Diesel engines – burn
bigger hydrocarbonsbigger hydrocarbons Don’t always completely Don’t always completely
burnburn Un-burnt hydrocarbons Un-burnt hydrocarbons
react with oxygenreact with oxygen Particles found in air in Particles found in air in
towns and citiestowns and cities Unknown affect on healthUnknown affect on health
Global DimmingGlobal Dimming
Cleaning up our actCleaning up our act Reduce gases – catalytic convertorReduce gases – catalytic convertor
Gases travel over transition metalsGases travel over transition metals Gases reactGases react
Power stations react gases with Power stations react gases with quicklimequicklime Flue gas desulphurisationFlue gas desulphurisation
Carbon monoxide + nitrogen oxides carbon dioxide + nitrogen
Key pointsKey points Combustion of hydrocarbons in air Combustion of hydrocarbons in air
produces carbon dioxide and waterproduces carbon dioxide and water Burn in different conditions = Burn in different conditions =
different productsdifferent products Crude oil may contain impurities Crude oil may contain impurities
that have negative effectsthat have negative effects Gases released can be treated to Gases released can be treated to
reduce harmful effectsreduce harmful effects