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UNH BUDAPEST PROGRAM

Colleagues: We need at least six more students to go on the program for Fall 2003. Please help me in the recruitment effort, as the future of the program depends upon our ability to send 15 students every fall. Any assistance in sending students my way would be a great help.

students will earn 16 credits, satisfy three gen ed categories, and two justice studies courses. Moreover, students can do the program for the same price as if they were here, and their existing financial aid package applies. Please direct any students to me directly.

Thanks for your help. Ted Kirkpatrick Justice Works 2-1957

ALSO: Research Participation, Senior Thesis

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WHAT HAS BEEN LEARNED FROM THIS LAB?

RESULTS

• THE PREVALENCE OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT WORLD-WIDE

• THE PREVALENCE OF VIOLENCE AGAINST DATING PARTNERS BY UNIVERSITY STUDENTS WORLD-WIDE

• WHETHER CORPORAL PUNISHMENT IS RELATED TO HOW VIOLENCE A COUNTRY IS

METHODS

• HOW A SCATTER PLOT CAN BE USED TO TEST A HYPOTHESIS

• AN UNDERSTANDING OF THE FOLLOWING RESEARCH TOOLS:Regression lineCorrelation or regression coefficientTest of significance

• AN EXPERIENCE WITH EVALUATING DATA AND INTERPRETING RESULTS

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LECTURES ONChild Physical Abuse: Definition and PrevalenceThe Scope Of Child Protective Services (CPS) NationallyNeglect and Psychological Abuse

VIDEOS:How typical are the cases in these videos?When should children be removed?

Caseworker judgments or risk factor inventories?Treatment and Primary Prevention

Your question or opinion?

CHILD ABUSE MATERIAL TO BE COVERED

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PHYSICAL ABUSE OF CHILDREN:DEFINITION AND RATES

DEFINITION

• AN ACT

• CARRIED OUT BY A CAREGIVER

• WITH THE INTENTION OF CAUSING THE CHILD TO EXPERIENCE

• SEVERE PHYSICAL PAIN OR PHYSICAL INJURY

NOTE: (1) The crucial element is the behavior of the caregiver, not whether the child is actually injured. (2) Statutes typically say "injured or high risk of injury"

WHAT IF THERE IS NO PHYSICAL INJURY?

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OF NON-FATAL CHILD ABUSE

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USA: 1,500 PER YEAR;

4 PER DAY

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BASED ON THE

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FOUR DIFERENT ESTIMATES

IF HITTING WITH A BELT, HAIR BRUSH, ETC IS ABUSE, THERE ARE MILLIONS MORE ABUSED CHILDREN

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CTSPC

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CTSPC

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AUSTRALIAN BIRTH COHORT STUDY 

ALL CHILDREN BORN IN QUEENSLAND IN 1983: 41,700 10% WERE ABUSED BY AGE 17  Rate

Neglect 4.1%Physical abuse 3.8%Emotional abuse 2.4%Sexual Abuse 2.3%

 

US RATES FOR CASES KNOW TO CHILD PROTECTIVE SERVICES ARE MUCH LOWER, BUT THEY ARE FOR ONE-YEAR US DISTRIBUTION OF CASES IS SIMILAR:

Neglect half of all casesPhysical abuseEmotional abuseSexual Abuse

 US RATES FOR SELF-REPORTED ABUSE???

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How often did your caregivers push, grab, shove, or slap you?

Never 46Rarely 25Sometimes 18Often 3Most of the time 3Always 2

How often did your caregivers threaten you with a weapon?

Never 84Rarely 7Sometimes 3Often <1Most of the time <1Always <1

54%

16%

Koenig, A. L., Ialongo, N., Wagner, B. M., Poduska, J., & Kellam, S. (2002). Negative caregiver strategies and psychopathology in urban, African-American young adults. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26, 1211-1233.

ARE THESE EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL ABUSE? WHY OR WHY NOT?

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How often did your caregivers hit you hard enough to cause bruising?

Never 74Rarely 13Sometimes 7Often 1Most of the time <1Always <1

How often did your caregivers hit you hard enough to cause bleeding?

Never 91Rarely 4Sometimes 1Often <1Most of the time <1Always <1

26%

9%

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0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

SPANK, SLAP SHOVE, KICK PULL EAR, HAIR BELT, BRUSH PUNCH, SOCK

LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEXAREA

HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEXAREA

MARIA AMELIA AZEVEDO AND VIVIANNE NORGUIRA DE AZEVEDO GUERRA, 2001 HITTING MANIA. SAO PAULO: IGLU EDITORIA

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT OF CHILDREN AGE 7-9, SAO PAULO, BRAZIL, 1999 (N=271)

AVEZEDO1

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Rank12345678910111213141516171819202122

Hit by Parents when Under the Age of 12 (vs01)Site % USA-LOUISIAN 68.6MEX-JUAREZ 66.0CAN-WINNIPEG 64.4USA-MISSISSP 64.0USA-CINCINN 63.4HONGKONG 62.7USA-TX-N MEX 62.5KOR-PUSAN 58.8CAN-HAMILTON 58.4USA-UTAH 58.4CAN-LONDON 57.2NZL-CHRISTCH 55.2USA-TX-MEX 54.4CHE-FRENCH 51.9USA-NH 2 49.3USA-NH 1 44.0CHE-GERMAN 35.2CAN-MONTREAL 27.3PRT-BRAGA 23.5ISR-EMEKZYRL 22.8BRA-SAOPAULO 19.6NDL-AMSTRDAM 19.5

Hit by Parents When a Teenager

(vs02)Site % HONGKONG 56.4KOR-PUSAN 52.2PRT-BRAGA 45.5BRA-SAOPALO 40.0USA-MISSISSP 37.8USA-LOUISIAN 37.4USA-TX-MEX 34.5MEX-JUAREZ 30.1CAN-HAMILTON 26.5CAN-LONDON 26.4USA-CINCINN 26.2CAN-WINNIPEG 24.1USA-TX-N MEX 23.4CHE-FRENCH 20.4CAN-MONTREAL 19.2ISR-EMEKZYRL 19.2NZL-CHRISTCH 17.2USA-NH 1 16.8USA-UTAH 16.8CHE-GERMAN 16.8USA-NH 2 16.1NDL-AMSTRDAM 12.6

Hit by Non-Family Adults & Children as a Child (vs10)Site % HONGKONG 72.3KOR-PUSAN 62.8CHE-FRENCH 57.0NDL-AMSTRDAM 46.6MEX-JUAREZ 45.7CAN-LONDON 42.1PRT-BRAGA 39.5NZL-CHRISTCH 38.1USA-UTAH 37.2USA-CINCINN 36.2CAN-WINNIPEG 36.1CAN-HAMILTON 35.8USA-TX-MEX 35.4USA-LOUISIAN 35.2USA-NH 1 33.4USA-TX-N MEX 32.2USA-MISSISSP 30.6BRA-SAOPAULO 30.4USA-NH 2 29.0CAN-MONTREAL 28.0ISR-EMEKZYRL 27.1CHE-GERMAN 21.5

TABLE 1: CHILDHOOD PHYSICAL VIOLENCE VICTIMIZATION

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TYPICAL CASE VERSUS MEDIA CASE 

PHYSICAL ABUSE OF CHILD PARTNER VIOLENCETYPICAL MEDIA TYPICAL MEDIACASE CASE CASE CASE

  VIOLENT Corporal Cruel & ACTS Punishment often bizarre

Escalates .. Attacks

INJURY Child Child needsbruised medical care

or dies COVERAGE Ignored by Front page

Mediaunless acelebrity

  PREVALENCERATE 

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TABLE 1. SOME POTENTIAL RISKS AND BENEFITS OF ASKING AND NOT ASKING RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS ABOUT ABUSIVE EXPERIENCES Potential Risks Potential Benefits To Ask about Abuse

To Participants Participants may be upset if abuse is reported.

Participant may be reminded of abuse, resulting in distress.

To Science, Researchers

Participants may leave study if abuse is reported.

To Participants Participant may be reminded of abuse, may seek resources for first time, learn about abuse, and/or leave an abusive relationship. Participants may feel that something good has come from a negative experience, in that their participation has helped others. To Society If abuse is reported, may prevent additional people from being abused.

To Not Ask about Abuse

To Participants, Society, Science Role of abuse is obscured, creating results that do not benefit, or actually harm, participants.

To Participants, Society Perpetuates taboo against speaking about abuse, reinforcing participants’ feelings of shame and isolation.

To Researchers Less hassle with the IRB and greater probability that the project will be approved. Researchers do not have to report abuse and do not have to provide additional debriefing and services.

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SOC 679 ENDS HERE

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REPORTED AND CONFIRMED CASES OF

CHILD ABUSE, IRELAND 1984-1987

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

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