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CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
SELECTING THE MEDIA
Steps for Storytelling
01_ Analyzing the Target Audience
02_ Crafting the Theme
03_ Selecting the Media
04_ Narrating the Story
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
SELECTING THE MEDIA
The target group
The client
Media ElementsText / Sound / Image (Language / Paralanguage / Nonverbal)
Where are you going to put your messages?
The media you have chosen will determine the media elements available for narration.
The media elements will interact to create meaning.
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
SELECTING THE MEDIA
audio-visual
- Film
- Television
- Stage
- Music
- Radio
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
SELECTING THE MEDIA
- Poetry
- Novel
- Short story
- Comics / graphic novel
- Magazine
- Newspaper
- Photograph
- Advertisements
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
SELECTING THE MEDIA
Short story
Novelette
Novella
Novel
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
SELECTING THE MEDIA
Word count
1,500 – 3,500
7,500 – 17,500
17,500 – 40,000
50,000 >
Magazine
Title
Model
Cover lines
Tricks of Language
•Rhyme : e.g. Catch him, snatch him, make him yours
•Alliteration : e.g. Frisky fellas
•Assonance: e.g. Fake mate
•Polysemous: e.g. Nice tackle! The sexiest rugby players
•Intertextuality: e.g. Boys Are Us!
•Idiomatic phrase
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
SELECTING THE MEDIA
Newspaper
Masthead
Headline
Strapline
Menu
Puff
Logo
Splash
Lure
Caption
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
SELECTING THE MEDIA
Newspaper
Masthead: the title at the top of the front page/cover which identifies the newspaper or magazine.
Headline: the main heading with the biggest font which relates to the main story.
Strapline: a headline in smaller font that precedes the headline and gives more information.
Puff: small sections on the front page, often with colored images, which advertise features inside the newspaper.
Splash: lead news story on the front page of a newspaper.
Lure: a small section of a story in printed on the front page and the fill story is advertised as continuing inside.
Caption: the written text that anchors a photograph or image.
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
SELECTING THE MEDIA
Advertisements
ThemeTheme
PlotPlot CharacterCharacter
StructureStructure
Copy writing
Art Direction
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
SELECTING THE MEDIA
ICT-based
- Video games
- Website
- Social network
- Interactive communications technology
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
SELECTING THE MEDIA
NON-LINEAR STORYTELLING
Nonlinear Narrative
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
NON-LINEAR STORYTELLING
Master Structures
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORY
ACT 1Beginning
ACT 2Middle
ACT 3End
Setup _characters_location_conflict
Confrontation
_complication_obstacles
Resolution
_climax_resolution
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORYThe Master Structures
_ traditional structure
Exposition
Point of Attack
Rising Action(complications)
Climax
Resolution
Dénouement
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORY
ACT 1 ACT 2 ACT 3
The Master Structures
ACT 1 ACT 2 ACT 3
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORY
01_ the roller coaster ride
Schmidt’s Master Structures
01_ the roller coaster ride
The Roller Coast Ride is just that – a story that takes the audience on a ride of tension and suspense, never letting up on the gas.
Instead of having one major Climax at the end of the story, as with Traditional Structure, this structure has several Climaxes throughout the story.
Each one builds upon the previous one, holding the reader in its thrall until the very end.
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORYSchmidt’s Master Structures
ACT 1 ACT 2 ACT 3
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORY
02_ the replay
Schmidt’s Master Structures
02_ the replay
The Replay is defined as having two or more versions of events in one story. These version may come from the point of view of one character over and over again; one character lives out the events in her life several times.
Or from several characters, one after the other; there are two to three characters who relate their version of the same story.
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORYSchmidt’s Master Structures
ACT 1 ACT 2 ACT 3
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORY
03_ fate
Schmidt’s Master Structures
03_ fate
In the Fate structure, the Climax takes place at the beginning of the story as well as the end. What follows from this Opening Climax is a flashback, or two, of events that led to the Climax just seen. Following the Final Climax is a resolution, which is what the reader has been waiting for.
“What happened to the character after the Climax?” is the real question that keeps the reader reading.
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORYSchmidt’s Master Structures
ACT 1 ACT 2 ACT 3
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORY
04_ the parallel
Schmidt’s Master Structures
04_ the parallel
The Parallel plot structure is defined as having two or more stories going on at the same point in time. They are not flashbacks or subplots but two distinctly different plots with a complete beginning, middle, and end all their own. The Parallel plot is a simultaneous multi-plotted story that eventually intersects all plots presented.
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORYSchmidt’s Master Structures
ACT 1 ACT 2 ACT 3
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORY
05_ the episodic
Schmidt’s Master Structures
05_ the episodic
The Episodic plot structure is made up of a series of chapters or stories linked together by the same character, place, or theme but held apart by their individual plot, purpose, and subtext. In fact, the chapters or stories could be shuffled around and placed in a different order if desired because there is no overall beginning, middle, and end to the book or story as a whole.
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORYSchmidt’s Master Structures
06_ the slice of life
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORYSchmidt’s Master Structures
06_ the slice of life
The Slice of Life plot structure can be defined as a momentary glimpse of reality rather than a carefully composed, formal imitation of it. By its very nature it rejects the traditional three-act structure and is therefore more open to multicultural types of storytelling.
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORYSchmidt’s Master Structures
07_ interactive
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORY
Search for the Secret Cave
Talk to Experts
Develop Report Go to
Library
Go Alone to Locale
Talk to Natives
Explore Caves
Trouble with Law
Hire a Guide
Schmidt’s Master Structures
07_ interactive
The Interactive plot structure is one of the most unique plotting structures to date. Because of its infancy, it is hard to say exactly how far this type of writing will go, especially since it is so intimately tied into technology.
Michael Joyce, professor at Vassar College and award-winning novelist, say:
[Interactive Fiction] replaces the Aristotelian curve (of beginning, middle, and end) with a series of successive, transitory closures. … The core of [Interactive Fiction] is not to get to some secret ending. It’s more about successive understanding of kaleidoscopic perceptions that I think characterizes any art and makes our lives worthwhile.
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
BUILDING THE STORYSchmidt’s Master Structures
Nonlinear Platform
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
NON-LINEAR STORYTELLING
Interactive Media
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
NON-LINEAR STORYTELLINGNonlinear Platform
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
NON-LINEAR STORYTELLINGNonlinear Platform
Audience User
Event #1
Event #2.1
Event #3.1 Event
#2.2
Event #2.3
Event #2.4
Event #3.3
Event #2.5
Nonlinear Platform
Ending #1
Event #3.2
Ending #2 Ending #3 Ending #4
CA2012 STORYTELLING FOR COMMUNICATION
NON-LINEAR STORYTELLING
References:
Block, B. The Visual Story: Crafting the Visual Structure of Film, TV and Digital Media. Oxford: Focal Press, 2008.
Clark, Vivienne, James Baker, and Eileen Lewis. Key Concepts and Skills for Media Studies. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2007.
Hyde, S. Idea to Script: Storytelling for Today’s Media. Boston MA: Allyn and Bacon, 2003.
Schmidt, V. L. Story Structure Architect. Ontario: Writer’s Digest Books. USA, 2005.