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Kozhikode , KeralaFarhana.k
2120200095
Sem-5,3rd year
B.Planning
SPA Vijayawada
Kozhikode Kozhikode (Calicut) is a city in the state of Kerala
in southern India on the Malabar coast.
It has an elevation of 1 metre (3 ft) along the coast with the city's eastern edges rising to at least 15 metre.
District has three distinct regions –
Sandy coastal belt
Rocky highlands formed by the hilly portion of the Western Ghats
Lateritic midland.
Three National High ways NH-17, NH-212 and NH 213 passes through the District.
Source: RTPO Kozhikode
NH 17 (77 km-North South direction)
• Connects the District with major cities of Mangalore and Kochi
NH 212 (55 Km-East direction)
• Connects Mysore and Bangalore
NH 213 (2.5Km within the City)
• Connects City with Chennai and Coimbatore
Sangam Age-Calicut District formed part of the Chera Empire
9th century-Calicut became a part of the Second Chera Empire
Area came under the Kolarthiris, rulers of Polanad
Kingdom got divided to Nadus
Fort was built as an outlet to sea
How the city evolved?1615-British reached
Calicut under Captain William
keeling and concluded a treaty of trade
1766-The Mysore intervention led to the virtual end of the Zamorin
rule1757-Mysore intervention started
under Hyder Ali1766-1792 -Tipu ceded Malabar to East India
Company
Treaty of sri rengapatnam,
Malabar became part of madras
presidency
Calicut’s functioning as a port ended
and port shifted to
cochin.
1956-Malabar District was
combined with the state of
Travancore and Cochin to form the
new state of Kerala
1498-Vasco da Gama reached the outer roads of Calicut and anchored at Kappad
Zamorian started engaging in war with Dutch
Calicut evolved due to its port activities, due to which settlements were formed near velliyangady(core area). Later, commercial activities started replacing trade and port activity.
And after post-independence, Kozhikode as a district came into existence on 1st January,1957, where it initially had 5 taluks (ernad, tirur, quilandy, badakara and Kozhikode) and later changed to 3 taluks (quilandy, badakara and Kozhikode) in 1980.
Calicut is now developing as a IT sector and the rivers are used for strengthening.
Calicut is a city with high potential as it has gov institutions like IIM, NIT, Med. College,etc.
Population Trends and Urbanization Kozhikode city alone accounts for 40% of the
urban population in the District.
According to 2011 Census;
Population of Kozhikode District : 3,086,293
Total Area of Kozhikode District : 2345 Sq Km
Population Density: 1316 persons per Sq Km
Population under MC : 432,097
Area under MC: 82.68 Sq km
Population Density (MC): 5226 persons per Sq Km
Calicut is 38.25% urbanized
Literacy Rate: 95.08%
Sex Ratio: 1098 females per 1000 males
WPR: 27.8 %Source: RTPO Kozhikode
Economic DevelopmentSectoral Growth
Kozhikode District with 8% of the State’s population makes a 12% contribution to the State’s income.
Average annual growth rate in the secondary sector for Kozhikode District is equal to that of the State AAGR (at 2.8%); average annual growth for the District’s tertiary sector is marginally greater than for the State.
Tertiary sector contribution to the District economy is high at 60% of the total NDP, and of State is 58%.
Average Household Size : 5
Contribution to GDP (%):1999-03 2003-06 2006-09 2009-12
Primary 24.7 19.8 16.9 15.4
Secondary 20.2 22.4 23.9 24.5
Tertiary 55.1 57.9 59.3 60.2
Total 100 100 100 100
Source: KSUDP Report
Religion Composition Religious Demographics
Religion % of District population
Hindus 58.79
Muslims 38.37
Christians 2.7
Jains 0.06
Source: Details for 'Kozhikode Urban' retrieved from Census of India
Caste Population (%)
Brahmins 1.4
Nayars 25.4
Tiyya 27.3
Other Hindus 17.2
Muslims 23.3
Christians 1.2
Tribals and others
4.2
Brahm
ins
Nayar
s
Tiyy
a
Other
Hindu
s
Mus
lims
Christia
ns
Tribals an
d ot
hers
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1.4
25.4 27.3
17.2
23.3
1.24.2
Population (%)
58.79
38.37
2.70.06
% of District population
Hindus
Muslims
Christians
Jains
Population Growth and ProjectionsYear Population
1991 419,830
2001 436,530
2011 454,000
2021 472,000
2031 490,000
380000
400000
420000
440000
460000
480000
500000
419830
436530
454000
472000
490000Population Projection
Population1991 2021 20312001 2011 Source: RTPO Kozhikode
Unit 1971-81 1981-91 1991-2001
Kozhikode District
Total Urban Total Urban Total Urban
23.25 5.67 16.69 64.61 9.87 9.6
Population Growth Rate(%)
Source: RTPO Report
Source: RTPO Report
Year
Housing
Housing Typology :
42% of all households in the city live in individual houses.
Only 3% of the poor live in independent houses; 58% of the poor reside in row houses and on average 38% of the poor reside in slums.
Ownership of houses:
Among the poor categories, the average house ownership is 66%; 95% of the total LIG people have their own houses.
The MIG and HIG respondents own 94% and 96%, respectively.
80%
20%
Ownership
Owned Rented
Source: KSUDP Report
Land use
Land Use Area in Sq Km
Land Use(%)
Residential Area 44.03 52.27
Commercial Area 1.22 1.45
Industrial Area 3.79 4.50
Public and Semi-public Area
14.28 16.95
Transportation Area
0.64 0.76
Agriculture 1.87 2.21
Water Course 11.17 13.26
Parks and open Spaces
7.24 8.60
Total 100 100The land use pattern indicates that 52.27% of the total developed area is under residential use. The present high percentage of land use for residential area is due to the local preferences for low-rise/low density housing.
Source: RTPO Kozhikode
Activity Pattern in Calicut
From the activity pattern observed, it is seen that LSGs near to the first order settlement (Kozhikode Corporation and the existing statutory urban areas of the District) is the centre of tertiary activities.
Primary activities is concentrated mainly in the mid land portion of the District.
Source: RTPO,Kozhikode
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICESWater Supply
Kerala Water Authority adopted an average per-capita demand supply of 200 Lpcd for major urban areas, 135 Lpcd for peri-urban areas and 100 Lcpd in rural areas.
Supply rate: 200 Lpcd where sewerage planned,135 Lpcd in semi urban and 100 Lpcd in rural areas.
Water production: 282 MLD
Sanitation and Sewerage
Consists of individual septic tanks generally in middle and high income residential areas, and shallow pit latrines generally in areas with low-income groups.
Sullage is discharged into roadside drains, Conolly Canal, Arabian Sea.
Storm water Drainage
Natural drains exist that act as secondary outlet to Arabian Sea and Conolly Canal.
About 40% of the existing roads in the MC area have side drains and 30% of the existing drains are covered.
Solid Waste Management
Physical Composition of Solid Waste in Kozhikode:
Daily Waste Generation: 13 MT
Primary Collection is done by Kudumbasree in all the wards.
Secondary collection is done by Dumper Vehicles.
Processing of waste is done at the Njelliyamparamba disposal site in Cheruvannur Panchayat, which is 8km from the city centre and situated along National Highway 17.
Treatment of waste is done in mechanical windrow aerobic compost plant of capacity 272 MTPD
The rejects of the treatment plant are disposed of in the adjacent open dumping ground.
Sl No.
Category Net Weight (%)
1 Bio-Degradable 75
2 Recyclable- Paper, Plastic, Metal, Rubber, glass
15
3 Inert 10
Roads and Transportation
With 83-sq.km area, Kozhikode city has a road network of 723 km of which nearly 57% is surfaced. The road density is 8.7 km per sq. km area.
Road surface face issues like cracks and pot holes and foot path are inadequate or absent in most of the regions.
Key Issues Informal Development in Fringe Area
Lack of Infrastructure
Shelter
Poor Management of Water Bodies/Tanks
Degradation of mangroves
Lack of co-ordination in departments