Post on 21-Dec-2015
transcript
Introduction to the Missions“Much of California’s history began with the SpanishMissions. The chain of twenty-one missions along California’s El Camino Real (“The Royal Highway”)
represents the first arrival of Non-Native Americans to California. The life of the California Native
Americans was forever changed. In addition to Christianity, the missions brought many other things to California such as livestock, fruits, flowers, grains, and industry. This was the start of the civilization we
live in today. However as a result of the arrival of the Spanish , many Native Americans lives were lost. You are about to preview a very brief history of each
California Mission, which tells about the History of California.”
Mission San Diego de Alcala First Mission Founded on July 16, 1769
by Father Junipero Serra Named for Saint Didacus de
Alcalá Oldest mission 1st mission in the “chain “
of missions that stretches 650 mi along the King’s Highway
Presences of padres changed Natives new way of life (Christianity was brought)
Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
Second Mission Founded on June 3, 17770
by Father Junipero Serra Named after Saint Charles
Borromeo Believed to be the most
beautiful mission of all Used as headquarters for
the California Missions Moved to Carmelo away
from where the Native Americans recided
Mission San Antonio de Padua
Third Mission Founded on July 14, 1771
by Father Junipero Serra Named for Saint Anthony Native Americans accepted
padres gifts of beads and cloth in return for their seeds and acorns harvested.
In 1773 it was moved to Los Robles Valley (better water supply)
Abandoned from 1882-1928
Mission San Gabriel Arcangel
Fourth Mission Founded on September 8,
1771 by Father Pedro Cambon and Father Angel Somera
Named for Archangel Gabriel
Most prosperous mission, but most difficult to handle
Crowded with military (behavior problem)
In 1775 was moved to “The Queen of the Mission” (Wheat & large crops of corn and beans)
Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa
Fifth Mission Founded on September 1,
1772 by Father Junipero Serra
Named for Saint Luis, Bishop of Toulouse
Marks halfway point of the 21 California Missions
Located near a Valley of Bears (used to feed people from other missions)
Mission San Francisco de Asis Sixth Mission Founded on June 26, 1776 by
Father Francisco Palou Named for Saint Francis of
Assisi Also known as Mission
Dolores Damp weather kept Native
Americans away Over 5,000 Americans died of
the measles In 1817 a hospital mission
was opened in San Rafael where they could recuperate
Mission San Juan Capistrano Seventh Mission Founded on November 1,
1776 by Father Junipero Serra
Named for Saint John of Capistrano, Italy
Called the “Jewel of the Missions” because it was the best known mission
Famous for its beautiful gardens
Oldest chapel in California
Mission Santa Clara de Asis Eighth Mission Founded on January 12, 1777
by Father Junipero Serra Name for Santa Claire de
Assisi 1st mission named after a girl
who was founder of the Poor Clare’s order on Nuns
Moved three times because of flood of Guadalupe River
1818 moved because of severe earthquake
Mission San Buenaventura Ninth Mission Founded on March 31, 1782
by Father Junipero Serra Named for Saint Bonaventure Should have been 3rd
mission, but was postponed for twelve years
Prosperity of this mission came from irrigation provided by the 7 mile long aqueduct that brought water from Ventura River
Mission Santa Barbara Tenth Mission Founded on December 4,
1786 by Father Fermine Lausen
Named for Saint Barbara 1st mission founded by
Father Fermine Francisco de Lasuen
There were over 200 rows of houses for the missions Natives built next to the mission
La Purisima Conception Eleventh Mission Founded on December 8,
1787 by Father Fermine Lausen
Named for “The Immaculate Concepcion of Mary the Most Pure”
Prosperity from tireless work of Father Marino Payeras. He served for 19 years
In December 21, 1812 a severe earthquake destroyed the mission
Mission Santa Cruz Twelfth Mission Founded on August 28,
1791 by Father Fermine Lausen
Named for the Sacred Cross Built on gentle slopes that
are surrounded by redwood trees
Settlers that arrived from Guadalajara, Mexico were criminals, and raided the mission’s crops and antagonized the Native Americans.
Mission Nuestra Senora de la Soledad
Thirteenth Mission Founded on October 9,
1791 by Father Fermine Lausen
Named for Our Lady of Solitude
Salinas river allowed for irrigation to grow crops, and live stock herding
Climate drew native Americans away
Took six years before the church was built
Mission San Jose Fourteenth Mission Founded on July 11, 1797
by Father Fermine Lausen Named for Saint Joseph First of five missions built in
a 13 month period (located at a days travel walking El Camino Real)
Known as location for Runaway Christianized Native Americans and hostile tribes
Served as base for military operations for the Natives who resented the missionaries
Mission San Juan Bautista
Fifteenth Mission Founded on June 24, 1797
by Father Fermine Lausen Named for John the Baptist Founded fourteen days
after the thirteenth mission
Sits on top of San Andreas Fault
Earthquake destroyed it on October 1798, a larger one was built after
Mission San Miguel Arcangel
Sixteenth Mission Founded on July 25, 1797
by Father Fermine Lausen Named for Saint Michael
the Archangel Filled up quickly with
Native Americans in the area
Fifteen Native children were baptized the day the mission was founded
Interior was adorned by artist from Spain
Mission San Fernando Rey de Espana
Seventh teen Mission Founded on September 8, 1797
by Father Fermine Lausen Produced hides, tallow, soap,
cloth, and livestock Became so famous that it was
known as “long building” of El Camino Real
Arrival of new settlers decreased the population of Native Americans
In 1923 it became a church again Long convent that became a
hospital during the Spanish times when the missions were at a walking distance
Mission San Luis Rey de Francia
Eighteenth Mission Founded on June 13, 1798
by Father Fermine Lausen Named for Louis IX King of
France (1215-1270) Nicked named “King of the
Missions” Largest and most populous
of all missions Building covers six acres
and the Native American population reached 2,700 at its peak
Mission Santa Ines Nineteenth Mission Founded on September 17,
1804 by Father Estevan Tapis Named for Saint Anges Last mission founded in
Southern California, which completed the chain
Miles of flourished land that helped it flourish
1812 great earthquake destroyed half of the mission
Water brought from mountains several miles away
Mission San Rafael Arcangel Twentieth Mission Founded on December 14,
1817 by Father Vicente de Sarria
Named for Saint Raphael the Archangel, patron of good health
Was originally dedicated as the sub-mission Mission Dolores
Served as a convalescent hospital for Christianized Native Americans
Mission San Francisco de
Solano Twenty-first Mission Founded on July 4, 1823
by Father Jose Altimira Named for Saint Francis
Solano, missionary to the Penivian Indians
Last Northernmost California Mission
Founded after Mexico’s Independence from Spain
Only mission founded without prior approval from the church
Flourished vineyards Father Altimira became
cruel (resulted in revolt)