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Cambodia
Sar Sophyra Deputy Chief of Watershed Management and Forest Cover Assessment Office
The 7th GEOSS Asia-Pacific Symposium
26th-28th May 2014, Tokyo , Japan
OUTLINE
REDD+ Readiness Status/Overview of Roadmap
National Strategic guideline to implementing REDD+
Status and design implementation MRV system for REDD
Status of the forest monitoring system
Design a National Forest Inventory (NFI) to develop emission and
removal factors for REDD+ related activities
Research and Capacity
Future Supporting Need
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REDD+ Readiness Status/Overview of Roadmap
Component 1: Organize and Consult.
- National Coordination Arrangement
- Consultation and Participation Process
Component 2: Prepare the REDD+ Strategy.
- 2 Mill. Hectares of CFs
- 3 Mill. Hectares of Protection Forest
- 2.6 Mill. Hectares of Production Forest
- Maintaining 3 Mill. Hectares of Protected Areas.
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Component 3: Develop a Reference Level.
- Understanding Cambodia’s national circumstances.
- Development of future trajectories of emission/ removals over difference
time periods.
Component 4: Design a Monitoring System.
- Development of MRV System.
- Development of Monitoring & Reporting System.
Component 5: Schedule and Budget.
≈ 11 Mill. (From 2011-2014 of component 1 to 4).
Component 6: Design a Program Monitoring and Evaluation Framework.
REDD+ Readiness Status/Overview of Roadmap (cont.)
REDD+ Readiness Status/Overview of Roadmap (Cont.)
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National REDD+ Management Arrangements
NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE COMMITTEE - Main Government Coordination mechanism for climate change
CAMBODIA REDD+ TASKFORCE - Chair: FA - Deputy Chair: GDANCP - Includes FA, GDANCP, MLMUPC, FiA, MEF, MoI, MRD - Decisions made by consensus
REDD+ ADVISORY GROUP
- Key Development Partners & Experts
TASKFORCE SECRETARIAT - Chair: FA - Vice-Chair: GDANCP - National Coordinator - Taskforce Secretary - Other supporting staff
MRV/REL Technical Team
Benefit-sharing Technical Team
Consultation and
Safeguards Technical Team
REDD+ Demonstration Technical Team
REDD+ CONSULTATION GROUP - NGOs and Civil Society - REDD+ Projects/ Private Sector - Academic Institutions (tbc)
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• Cambodia REDD+ Taskforce • Cambodia REDD+ Taskforce Secretariat • Benefit-Sharing Technical Team • Consultation and Safeguards Technical Team • REDD+ Demonstration Technical Team • MRV/REL Technical Team • Consultation Team
National REDD+ Management Arrangements
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Main Strategy: Support for effective management of Cambodia’s forest, in accordance with existing laws and policies :
Innovative Financing models
Improving Forest Law enforcement and governance
Local forest protection contracts
Valuing forest ecosystem services and promoting REDD+ Co-benefit
Adopting the nested approach to REDD+ implementation
Designing and implementing effective strategies to address drivers from outside the forest sector
The driver of deforestation and forest degradation that causes land use change in Cambodia ( migration, Agro-industrial development, land concession, poor ESIA..etc)
Source: National REDD Road Map of Cambodia
National Strategic guideline to implementing REDD+
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National Strategic guideline to implementing REDD+ (Cont.)
Policies related:
Millennium Development Goal:
Maintain forest cover at 60% by 2015
Rectangle Strategy of Royal Government of Cambodia:
ensure environmental sustainability through sustainable management
of natural resources
National Strategic Development Plan (including REDD)
National Forest Policy
Forestry law, law on protected areas and others relevant regulations
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National Strategic guideline to implementing REDD+ (Cont.)
Government Decision to support REDD (2008)
>50% of net revenue for local community development
Supported Copenhagen Accord, including REDD (2010)
National Forest Program (including REDD 2010-2030)
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REDD responsibility:
Forestry Administration (MAFF) is an responsible authority on
REDD in Cambodia.
Technical Working Group on Forest and Environment
Ministry of Environment (MoE)
Focal point to UNFCCC
Prepare national communication
Funding opportunity:
DANIDA/NZAID/DFID
FCPF and UN-REDD
UNDP, FAO and UNEP
Japan(JICA-CAM REDD, JIC)
National Strategic guideline to implementing REDD+ (Cont.)
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REDD pilot projects 1. OddarMeanchey (Northwestern Cambodia) 2. Seima (Southeastern Cambodia) 3. Prey Long and Cardamom sites in preparation 4. Community forestry (Siem Reap)
Training and consultation workshops training workshops on REDD
National Provincial FA
national consultation workshop on REDD
National Strategic guideline to implementing REDD+ (Cont.)
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Status and design implementation MRV system for REDD
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RGC/Council of Ministers - management of all state properties - adopts management plans for state properties - transfers, reclassifies and designates entrusted authorities for state properties
Ministry of Economy and
Finance - maintains inventory of state properties - executive agent of the RGC in managing state properties, including transfer, sale, lease, concessions, etc - management of state revenue - co-chair of state trust funds 2008 Public Financial Management
Law, 2006 Subdecree # 129 , 2000
Subdecree #04
Ministry of Land
Management, Urban
Planning & Construction - manage cadastral administration of state immoveable properties - issue title/ownership certificates to all immovable properties - management of maps of Cambodia 2001 Land Law, 1999 Subdecree #
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Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries - general jurisdiction for forests and forest resources (PA management under MoE) - registration of permanent forest estates
Forestry Administration: - responsibility for the Permanent Forest Estate - developing and implementing national forest programme (including community forestry) - studying and collecting data on all state forests - conducting assessments of national forest carbon stocks - developing forest carbon trades - reforestation
Fisheries Administration: - responsibility for flooded forest and mangrove areas - developing and implementing national fisheries plan (including community fisheries) 2002 Forestry Law, 2008 Subdecree #188, 2006
Fisheries Law
Ministry of Interior (inc. NCDD) - subnational administration (prov/dist/comm) - commune development plans & funds identify functions to be transferred to sub-national councils (NCDD) 2008 Organic
Law
Ministry of Environment - management of Protected Areas - review environmental impact assessments - CDM interim designated national authority
General Department (GDANCP): - developing and implementing National Protected Areas Strategic Management Plan - responsibility for international environmental conventions
Department of Climate Change of
GDANCP: - cooperate with relevant institutions to : develop national climate change strategies, and carbon credit policy, manage climate change trust funds; Secretariat of NCCC - UNFCCC focal point: negotiations, implementing UNFCCC decisions and preparing national GHG inventory reports - coordinating implementation of CDM and carbon credit projects 2008 Protected Areas Law, 1993 Royal
Decree, 2008 Subdecree #37, 2009
Subdecree #175
Ministry of Rural Development
- Recognize indigenous communities for registration with MoI 2001 Subdecree
Institutions involved in MRV
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Initiatives supporting implementation of the Cambodia
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National NFMS (MRV) support:
1. Cambodian UN-REDD Joint Programme (FAO/UNDP/UNEP): FAO responsible for
Outcome 4 - Forest Monitoring and MRV section (Ongoing; 2011 – 2014)
2. CAM-REDD (FA/JICA) : Supporting both MRV and sub/national development
3. Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF): MRV Component (2014 -2016)
4. FAO TCP/CMB/3304 – Designing a multipurpose National Forest Inventory
(finalizing)
Notes:
• UNREDD Programme and CAM-REDD support to establish capacities and systems at
the national scale (NFMS, MRV, etc.).
• FCPF to improve the NFMS (eg. Allometric Equitation development) and test the
developed systems (incl. Manuals, REL accounting system, etc.) on a subnational scale
(subnational – national link)
• FAO TCP and subsequent implementation of the NFI to facilitate the implementation of
the UN-REDD national programme (e.g. by development of more robust emission
factors) 15
UN-REDD and JICA support
Satellite Forest monitoring system
Institutional arrangements
Assessment of the capacities
Assessment of existing satellite imageries
Assessment existing forest monitoring system
Forest definition and stratification
Identification of the parameters to be monitored
Design the FMS
Interpretation
Cap
acity
build
ing,
tra
inin
gs
Etc.
Interim REL/RL(s)?
Identification of reference period
Development of the method
National/subnational definitions, boundaries
and thresholds
Assessment of the drivers
Analysis of the national circumstances
Status of Developing NFMS and NFI
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Proposed Taskforce work plan (outcome 4)
Outcome 4: Design of a Monitoring System and Reference Emissions Level
framework and capacity for implementation
Output 4.1: National MRV/REL (Operation of National MRV/REL Technical
Team and building of appropriate national capacity);
Output 4.2: Develop National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) plan;
Output 4.3: Design the Satellite Land Monitoring System (SLMS) to provide
Activity data for REDD+ related activities;
Output 4.4: Design a National Forest Inventory (NFI) to develop emission and
removal factors for REDD+ related activities;
Output 4.5: Support the development of Cambodia RLs/RELs framework;
Output 4.6: Support development of a REDD+ related GHG Reporting System. 17
National MRV/REL
• Four (4) technical teams will inform and advise the REDD+ taskforce on their
respective areas
• The ToR for the MRV Technical team has been approved in the first
taskforce meeting.
• The first Technical Team meeting have been organized 20 January 2014
• A joint MRV training programme with UN-REDD and JICA has been prepared
which will be reviewed by the technical team;
• Several meetings and workshops have been held including a GHG workshop and
training in respective technical areas (EG. Remote sensing, GIS , use of tools,
allometric equations, and forest inventories
• MRV work plan and time line has been harmonize
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Methodology: Visual analysis digitization on screen using ArcView
software, ArcGIS9.3, ERDAS 9.1. Minimum mapping unit 25ha. Satellite Band 4 3 2.
Forest classification 2002 2005 and 2010 classified in 8 classes: .Evergreen forest .Semi-evergreen forest .Deciduous forest .Others forest .Woodshrub dry .Woodshrub evergreen .Bamboo .Non-forest
Past experiences
(Related to mapping land area and area changes)
ACTIVITY DATA
Status of the forest monitoring system
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Forest Cover Change
Forest cover 1965 : 73.04%
1992/93 : 59.82%
1996/97 : 58.60%
2002 : 61.15%
2005/06 : 59.09%
2010 : 57.07%
Annual deforestation rate: 0.34% (1965-1996/97)
Annual deforestation rate: 0.5% (2002-2006-2010)
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FOREST LANDUSE MAP 2013
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ID Description Source
Software
1 EDARS 2011 JIC
2 eCognition JIC
3 ArcGIS 10.1 JIC
4 ArcInfo JIC
Satellite Image
1 Landsat 1989 ,1998, 2002,2005,2010 FFPRI, JIC,FA, AFPNet
2 Sport 2004, 2005,2008,2009,2010 FFPRI
3 ALOS-AVNIR2 2009,2010,2011 JIC
4 ALOS-PALSAR 2010 JIC
5 ALOS-PRISM 2009,2010,2011 JIC
DIEMOS-1 2013 ITTO
Quick Bird 2013 FFPRI
GIS data
1 Forest cover 2002,2005, 2010 FA
2 Administration data Cooperation agencies
3 Topo map 100.000,50.000 Cooperation agencies
Existing Data and Software
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Develop National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) plan
• A report on the existing national and subnational classification is available.
• A National consultation has been held on Land Cover Classification and forest
monitoring systems. Consultants have been involved to compile existing data
and land cover/use systems for comparison and advice on a harmonized legend.
• A inventory report on existing satellite and aerial imageries has been prepared
• Capacity building: A delegation of Cambodian technical specialist has been to
INPe Brazil; A series of trainings by CAMREDD in Cambodia and in Japan
and by Japanese Research Inst., etc. on forest monitoring system.
• LCCS workshop planned for July2014 (FAO,FA)
• Notional forest Definition, Driver of DD and Forest Classification Legend
• Design work plant for build up Baseline Map (2002, 2005/6,2010 and
2013/14) (UN-REDD, FA,Jica-TA,FFPRI)
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Develop Cambodia Monitoring system plan (NFMS)
Example: consistency and comparability
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Design the Satellite Land Monitoring System (SLMS) to provide Activity
data for REDD+ related activities
• Available Remote sensing and GIS data has been compiled, and a test version of satellite forest monitoring system web platform is under development
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Design a National Forest Inventory (NFI) to develop emission and removal
factors for REDD+ related activities
• Training on Allometric Equation development has been conducted.
• A Report and database existing allometric equations of Cambodia is available.
• Different Allometric Equations can be accessed using
www.globallometree.org
• Already available and accessible forest inventory data have been collected and
stored in the REDD+ secretariat to support analysis and preparation of a NFI
Design for Cambodia
• NFI Design proposal has been 1st presented December 2013 during national
consultation and NFI field manual training (Deciduous, Semi-evergreen,
Inundated forest, Mangrove forest)
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Name of Data Description N.Plot Species/forest types included Year Source
Permanent Sample plot
1st measurement 120 All species 1998
FA 3rd measurement 104 - 2004
4thmeasurement 48 - 2010
Regrowth 3rd measurement 15 - 2010
Strategic forest management plan
15 Forest Concession 2000 Unlogged,Evergreen
2002 FA
1760 Logged, Evergreen
1460 Unlogged Mixed
300 Logged Mixed
1360 Unlogged
60 Logged Deciduous
Kiyono et al Several provinces 12 Evergreen, Deciduous, Secondary forest
2005 FA,FFPRI
Seima Carbon stock survey
Systematic Random sampling of the project area, Mondulkiri province
225 All dry land types 2008 FA/WCS
Preah Vihear Pilot stock survey
Systematic random sample of trial block
72 All dry land types 2010 FA/WCS/GDANCP
Southern Cardamoms Carbon Stock
Systematic Random Sample of the project area
124 All dry land types 2010 FA/ONFI/Wildlife Aliance
Available and Exiting Data Carbon Stock Factor
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Exiting Data Carbon Stock Factor
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Design Proposal of National Forest Inventory (NFI)
Uplands: 6 km x 6 km Wetlands: 4 km x 4 km 2nd phase Mangroves: 3 km x 3 km
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TCP/CMB/3304 NFI shape considerations
Field mission to Koh Kong , comparison plots with similar area dimensions:
Circular Rectangular
4m
{000
3m
2m
2m
42m
30m
21m
15m
7m
7m
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Plot measurement in Deciduous and Semi-evergreen forest (upland strata)
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Plot measurement in Flooded forest (wetland strata)
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General MRV Constraints
•Institutional arrangements
•Commitments from various agencies
•Forest definitions,
•Consistency, accuracy, transparency, completeness and comparability
•Human, financial and technical capacities, (national and sub-national)
•Integration of sub-national activities into the national framework
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Research and Capacity
“Forest Cover and Carbon Mapping in the Greater Mekong Subregion and Malaysia”
Conduct Inventory Plot Survey in Prey Long Project Area
Conduct Inventory Plot Survey in Mangrove Forest
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Level I Level II Level III Level VI 1.Forest
1.Evergreen Forest 2.Semi-evergreen forest 3.Deciduous forest
4.Other forest
1.Tree Plantation
1.Rubber Plantation 2.Other tree Plantation
2.Mangrove Forest 3.Flooded Forest
5.Bamboo 2.Non-Forest
2.Woodshrub 3.Agriculture land 4.Urban and Build-Up 5.Water
Cloud unclassified
classification legend for GMS+ project
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Unsupervised classification
Remote sensing data Landsat 2005 ,2010
Post Classification
Object base classification
Accuracy Assessment
AGB Map
Land Use/Land Cover Map
Land Use /Land cover Classification
Land Use/Land Cover change
Pre processing
Segmentation
Methodology for Forest Cover for APFNet project
-Forest Cover 2005 -Forest Cover 2010 -FRA
Existing Data
eCognition ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS
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Forest Cover 2013 in Mondulkiri and Kratie province
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Tree and Palm stem diameter classes and nested plot sizes
Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) Radius (m)
Large Trees ≥30cm, Palms ≥5 30m Medium Trees ≥15 – 29.99 15m Small Trees ≥5 – 14.90 5m
Lay out Plots dimension apply for APFNet and Prey Long Project
Kiyono et al. (2011) TB (kg/tree) = 4.08 • ba1.25 • D1.33
Regionally or nationally specific equations
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Hypsometer (Vertex Laser L402)
Diameter Tape Measuring tape
Clinometer
Compass
Caliper
Preparation for Field Inventory
GPS
Flagging Tap 40
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Field Practice on forest inventory before starting estimate carbon in Prey Long
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Plot set up in Mangrove forest
Future Supporting Need
Deforestation and forest Degradation continue in Cambodia: forest fire, illegal logging, immigrant, forestland encroachment, and conversion.
Real time monitoring on forest cover change (technical support ,
accessing data )
Development of Cambodia database management information
Compile existing RS data with current suitable data to establish the
base map
Accessing to the cloud free satellite image
Capacity building on generation of cloud-free mosaics and Rada/Lida
processing
Transfer technology collarboration
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Thank You For Your Attention
Mrs. Sar Sophyra Contact address: FORESTRY ADMINISTRATION
#40 Norodom BVLD, Daun Penh, Phnom Ppenh, CAMBODIA.
Email: sophyra.sar@gmail.com 44