CARDIO PULMONARY

RESUSCITATION

PRESENTED BY:Shalet Susan

Shaji

INTRODUCTION

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies, including heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or heartbeat has stopped. For patients with cardiac arrest, survival rates and neurologic outcomes are poor, though early appropriate resuscitation, involving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), early defibrillation, and appropriate implementation of post–cardiac arrest care, leads to improved survival and neurologic outcomes.

WHAT DOES CPR STAND FOR?

• C = Cardio (heart)

• P = Pulmonary (lungs)

• R = Resuscitation (recover)

DEFINITIONCardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

consists of the use of chest compressions and artificial ventilation to maintain circulatory flow and oxygenation during cardiac arrest.

Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation is technique of Basic Life Support for oxygenating the brain and heart until appropriate definitive medical treatment can restore normal heart and ventilator action.

PURPOSES

•To maintain an open and clear airway(A)

•To maintain breathing by external ventilation(B)

•To maintain blood circulation by external cardiac massages(C)

•To save life of the patient

•To provide basic life support till medical and advanced life support arrives

INDICATIONS •Unconsciousness.

•Pulseless.

•Ventricular fibrillation (VF)

•Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT)

•Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)

•Pulseless bradycardia

•No breathing

•No circulation

•Obstructed airway

•Dead cases, where no pulse and no breathing can be detected

•Drug over dosage

•Drowning

•Poisoning

•Non-fatal cardiac arrhythmia

•Shocks and seizures.

CONTRAINDICATIONS•DNR(Do not resuscitate)

•Severe cardiogenic shock

•Uncontrolled bleeding or coagulopathy

•Bone trauma or chest trauma

•CABG or any other open heart surgeries

EQUIPMENTCan be performed without the need of specialized Equipments

Universal precautions can be taken

Cardiac defibrillator

Ambu bag and mask

CPR GUIDELINES (American Heart Association)

TECHNIQUE

BEFORE YOU BEGIN•Is the person conscious or unconscious?

• Is the scene safe?

•If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake his or her shoulder and ask loudly, "Are you OK?“

• check carotid pulse

• Call 911 or the local emergency number .

POSITIONING FOR CPR

The patient lays supine on a relatively hard surface.The person giving compressions should be positioned high enough above the patient

CHEST COMPRESSION: Restores blood circulation.1. Put the person on his or her back on a firm

surface.

2.Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders.

SITE OF GIVING COMPRESSION

3.Place the heel of one hand over the center of the person's chest, between the nipples. Place your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hands.

4.Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as you push straight down on (compress) the chest at least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters). Push hard at a rate of about 100 compressions a minute.

5. Allow the chest to recoil but DO NOT lift the hands off chest

AIRWAY – clear the airway

1. Open the airway using Head tilt – chin lift

maneuver

2.Head tilt chin lift done by putting palm on the persons forehead and gently tilting the head back

3.Check for normal breathing taking no more than 5-10 sec

BREATHING – breathe for the person

1. With the airway open (using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver), pinch the nostrils shut for mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the person's mouth with yours, making a seal.

2.Prepare to give two rescue breaths.Thirty chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths is considered one cycle.

3.Seal can be formed over the mouth by using ambu bag and mask

4.Observe for chest rise and follow cycle of 30:2

5. Resume chest compressions.

5 cycles of CPR AED First shock

AED second shock 5 cycles of CPR

If AED not available Continue CPR

WHEN TO STOP CPR

1. Return of spontaneous circulation

2.Arrival of arrest team

3.If the rescuer becomes exhausted

4.When death is confirmed

RETURN OF SPONTANEOUS CIRCULATION

COMPLICATIONSInternal injuries

Broken bones

•Vomiting and Aspiration

•Body Fluid Exposure

•Gastric Distention

CONCLUSION

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, commonly known as CPR, is an emergency procedure performed in an effort to manually preserve intact brain function until further measures are taken to restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest. It is indicated in those who are unresponsive with no breathing or abnormal breathing.