Cardiovascular SystemCardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular SystemThe Cardiovascular System

Functions of the Cardiovascular System:

Cardiovascular System Components:

Properties of BloodProperties of BloodTwo main components:

•1. Plasma –

•2. Blood cells– Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

– White blood cells (leukocytes)

– Platelets

Plasma 55%90% water7% plasma proteins3% other (acids, salts)

Formed elements 45%>99% red blood cells<1% white blood cells and platelets

The Heart

The Internal Anatomy of the HeartThe Internal Anatomy of the Heart

Path of Blood Through the HeartPath of Blood Through the Heart

Aorta

Superior vena cava

Right pulmonary arteryAortic semilunar valve

Right pulmonary veins

Right atrium

Pulmonary semilunar valve

Tricuspid valve

Right ventricle

Inferior vena cava

Left pulmonary artery

Left pulmonary veins

Left atrium

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Left ventricle

Chordae tendinae

Papillary muscles

Interventricular septum

Chordae tendinae

Papillary muscles

Thoracic aorta (descending)

Coronary Vessels – Anterior ViewCoronary Vessels – Anterior View

Superior vena cava

Branches of right pulmonary veins

Right pulmonary veins

Right atrium

Right coronary artery

Small cardiac vein

Right ventricle

Inferior vena cava

Aorta

Left pulmonary artery

Branches of left pulmonary artery

Pulmonary trunk

Left pulmonary veins

Left atrium

Anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery

Great cardiac vein

Left ventricle

Thoracic aorta (descending)

Excitation of the HeartExcitation of the HeartCardiac Muscle

Sympathetic Influence (tachycardia) –

Parasympathetic Influence (bradycardia) –

The Heart – Electrical Conduction The Heart – Electrical Conduction SystemSystem

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Bundle of His (AV bundle)

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Right and left bundle branches

Purkinje fibres

The Electrical Activity of the HeartThe Electrical Activity of the HeartElectrocardiogram (ECG)

Graphical representation of electrical sequence of events occurring with each contraction of the heart

P wave:

QRS complex:

T wave:

Blood PressureBlood Pressure

Blood Pressure

Normal BP = 120 / 80 mmHgHypertensive BP = 140 / 90 mmHg

Blood Flow DistributionBlood Flow Distribution

Cardiac OutputCardiac Output (Q) is the primary indicator of the functional capacity

of the circulatory system to meet the demands of physical activity. On average a person pumps about 5 litres of blood per minute from their left ventricle at rest. The difference between a trained and untrained person is how this is accomplished.

Q = Trained 50bts/min * 100 ml/bt Untrained 71bts/min * 70

ml/bt

Benefits of Being A Trained Athlete