Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition Chapter Six Nutrition for Older Adults.

transcript

Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th EditionCaring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition

Chapter SixChapter Six

Nutrition for Older Adults

NutritionNutrition

Amount of food needed to maintain health changes over a lifespan

Metabolism slows as a person ages Identify physical changes related to aging that

impact nutrition

Nutritional AssessmentNutritional Assessment Assessments may vary depending on facility Assess nutritional risks

Illness that may have impact on nutrition Difficulty chewing or swallowing Weight gain or loss Regular eating habits

Nutritional AssessmentNutritional Assessment

Nutritional risks (cont.) Types of food normally eaten Resources to purchase food Ability to shop for and prepare meals Medications

Nutritional Needs of Older AdultsNutritional Needs of Older Adults

Nutritional needs change with age, physical activity, and health status

Nutritious food is important for healing during an illness

Three critical food groups found in various foods Carbohydrates Proteins Fats

Carbohydrates Carbohydrates

Complex Break down over a longer period of time More nutritious

Simple Easier to digest Quick source of energy

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Carbohydrates come from Grains, beans, nuts, milk, meat, fruits, vegetables,

honey, sugar, syrup Simple carbohydrates come from milk and foods

high in sugar

ProteinsProteins

Assist in building and repairing body tissue Structural and functional

Proteins come from plants and animals Grains, dried beans, dark green and yellow

vegetables Meat, fish, poultry, milk products

ProteinsProteins

Amino acids are the basis for proteins Essential

Body cannot make; must come from food Non-essential

Body can make Blood nitrogen levels are measured to determine

adequate protein in body

FatsFats

Support and protection of internal organs Sustain body temperature Assist with absorption of vitamins A, D, E, and K Fats come from plants, plant oils, meat, fish, and

VitaminsVitamins

Vitamins extracted from foods or supplements Water soluble—B, C Fat soluble—A, D, E, and K Vitamin A

Vision, healthy hair, skin, gums, other body functions

VitaminsVitamins

Vitamin B complex Nervous system, healthy tissue, prevent dementia,

metabolism, production of hemoglobin, formation of body cells

Vitamin C Build and repair body tissue and bones, keep teeth

and gums healthy

VitaminsVitamins

Vitamin D Absorption of calcium and phosphorus for

maintenance of bone tissue and other body functions

Vitamin E Prevents breakdown of red blood cells, aids in

wound healing

VitaminsVitamins

Vitamin K Blood clotting, bone development

MineralsMinerals Inorganic substances found in nature and human

body Macrominerals—electrolytes

Calcium Bones and teeth, blood clotting, muscle and nerve

activity, digestion, maintenance of blood pressure Phosphorous

Bone maintenance, metabolism, cell maintenance

MineralsMinerals

Macrominerals (cont.) Magnesium

Energy, maintaining cell membranes, muscle activity, metabolism

Sodium Fluid balance, nerve and muscle function, glucose

activity

MineralsMinerals

Macrominerals (cont.) Chloride

Fluid balance, digestion Potassium

Fluid balance, nervous and musculoskeletal systems’ function, insulin release, metabolic activities

MineralsMinerals

Trace minerals Iron

Production of hemoglobin, aiding in metabolism Zinc

Wound healing, insulin storage Iodine

Component of thyroid hormone, regulates metabolism

MineralsMinerals

Trace minerals (cont.) Selenium

Healing, preventing disease, metabolic activities Copper

Produce hemoglobin Manganese

Metabolic functions, blood clotting

MineralsMinerals

Trace minerals Chromium

Improves glucose metabolism Molybdenum

Metabolic activities Fluoride

Bone and dental integrity

WaterWater

Essential component of older adult’s nutrition plan Important for maintenance of temperature Easiest dietary means of fluid intake Amount of water needed determined by:

Age, gender, chronic disease, physical activity, heat exposure

Body ElectrolytesBody Electrolytes

Electrolytes Calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium,

sodium, chloride Must be maintained in a state of neutrality Moved through body by fluids

Laboratory TestsLaboratory Tests

Laboratory tests are performed to measure body’s nutritional state

Diet PlansDiet Plans

Various diet plans exist Regular Modified Clear liquid Full liquid Soft Therapeutic

Use diet plan most appropriate for the patient

Caring for Older Adults Holistically, 4th Edition Chapter Six Nutrition for Older Adults.

Documents