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CASA GORORDO IN CEBUUrban Residence in a Philippine Province
Resil B. Mojares
Presented by:
Shiella H. Nacorda
M.Ed Social Studies
CASA GORORDO-AN URBAN RESIDENCE IN PHILIPPINE PROVINCE
Establishing settlements and
communities
How Economic system
transformed due to different
colonial period
(Cebuano's way of living)
RISE OF CEBU
The Early Settlement
The Embryonic City
The Growth of a City
Origins and Rise of Parian
Emergence of Urban Cebu
RISE OF URBAN CEBU
The Early Settlement-
• Important port settlement
• In 1521 Pigafetta mentioned that men of Magellan
saw Fourteen to fifteen villages on its seacoast.
• Suprabarangay
• Karl Hutterer describes that -Central settlement: six
hectare area (streets of Magallanes, Juan Luna,
Manalili and Martires) at that time was close to the
shore.
RISE OF URBAN CEBUThe Early Settlement-
• Houses were made of planks and bamboo, raised high
from the ground on large logs and one must enter by
means of a ladder.
• Megalithic house culture did not exist due to cultural
and ecological reasons.
• Spanish occupation led to transformation of houses or
residential territories.
• Spaniards committed themselves in building a network
of Ciudades and pueblos.
RISE OF URBAN CEBU
The Early Settlement-
• Legazpi’s arrival in Cebu in 1565, Spaniards
then hoped for a permanent settlement.
• A unique combination of diplomacy and force,
Legazpi’s men subdued the natives.
• May 8, 1565 less than two weeks after the
Spanish arrival , ground was then set for a
triangular fort.
• This is the first Hispanic settlement and had
given “Villa de San Miguel”
RISE OF URBAN CEBU
The Early Settlement-
the fort was strengthened during the threat of a
Portuguese invasion;
Legazpi moved his headquarters to Panay and
returned to Cebu
Re-established the settlement on Jan.1, 1571
Natives came to grudgingly accept again Spanish
presence.
RISE OF URBAN CEBU-
THE EMBRYONIC CITY
• Over 2 centuries after the founding of
Cebu, it remained a city in the embryo
p.13.
• It suffered in fact a recession owing to
the disruptions introduced by the
Spanish presence p.13.
• There was neglect of agriculture and
industries as the natives fled to the
hinterland to escape Spanish
reduccion, forced labor and paying
tribute p.13.
RISE OF URBAN CEBU
The Embryonic City
• Spaniards remained committed to
Cebu.
• It retained several official functions p.
14
• In 18th century the city began to
acquire its distinctive colonial form
p.16.
Old Cebu
Guillaume Le Gentil
RISE OF URBAN CEBU
• 19th century- period witnessed the re-
emergence of Cebu City as a major entrepot
for products from Negros, Panay, Leyte, Samar
and the northern coast of Mindanao p. 17.
• There was a growing importance of Philippine
Agricultural crops in the world market.
• Cebu’s port served as a world port in 1860.
The Growth of a City
RISE OF URBAN CEBU
• Increased in economic activities.
• Rise in urban real estate.
• Agricultural land became a prime asset.
• Urban elite began to move out of Pari-an and
the city into towns to purchase and lease lands.
• The appearance of steamship speeded up
travel.
The Growth of a City
RISE OF URBAN CEBU
• Entry of different nationals in Cebu market.
• Cabecillas
• Increased Chinese population.
• Growth of arrabales: increased in the
residential density.
• Expansion of the native industries.
The Growth of a City
RISE OF URBAN CEBU
• Poblacion de Naturales ( Town of San Nicolas)
• Poblacion de Europeos ( ciudad of Cebu)
• Chinese and artisans quarter called Pari-an
(Mexican word for Marketplace)
• Ciudad as Intramuros or walled city
Origins and Rise of Pari-an
RISE OF URBAN CEBU
• Jesuits priests were invited to establish
school ( USC) Colegio de San Ildefonso.
• Christianization of the Chinese residents
in Pari-an.
• By this time Jesuits was in charge in
Pari-an districts.
Origins and Rise of Pari-an
RISE OF URBAN CEBU
• Economic changes led to more development of an
urban “mestizo culture”
• Inter-ethnic relationships increased
• Ethnic distinctions became blurred. (sharing common
language, religion… culturally assimilated)
• Different establishments.
• Colon street was also called Calle del Teatro (cite for
cinemas oriente, empire and Royo.
Emergence of Urban Cebu
RISE OF URBAN CEBU
• By 1900 the City had some 2,000 buildings or houses
• “The period of colonialism was a period of commercial
urbanization…” T.G. McGee
• Medium-scale establishments.
Emergence of Urban Cebu
RISE OF URBAN CEBU
• City expanded beyond P. Del Rosario St.,
Jones Avenue and Mango Avenue.
• Fuente Osmena and Southern Islands
Hospital ( Vicente Sotto Memorial Hospital)
• American’s great concern was in
transport and communications.
Emergence of Urban Cebu
URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBU
• Due to Ecological and social conditions Philippine
dwellings have not changed in many areas.
• Though influences are uncontrolled and accepted
changes, its modification was not always
according to the image of the intruding culture.
The Structured Landscape
http://shootingstar03.deviantart.com/art/Bahay-Kubo-252949904
URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBU
The structured landscape
• Generally constructed by the family or by its head.
• No nails during the construction
• What is necessary is produced in the islands and it is
easily attainable.
• Every family possesses its own house p. 47
• Cebuanos were described as skillful p..47
http://myphilippinelife.com/we-build-a-bahay-kubo-bamboo-guest-house/
URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBUThe structured Landscape
• Makeshift houses – balaibalai or bugawan. (near
fields where they work)
• Clusters of houses were occasioned by Kinship,
economic and ethnic ties.
• There were elements of social differentiation.
• Headman’s housed have not been too different
from the rest of the houses except that it was more
spacious…http://myphilippinelife.com/we-build-a-bahay-kubo-bamboo-guest-house/
URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBU
The structured landscape
• Modification of native dwelling forms and
residential patterns due to reduccion.
• European urbanism, mark of civilization.
• Reduccion was necessary for religious instruction
and socio-political control.
• (within the sound of church bells)
• Reduccion was slow and frustrating process for
the Spaniards. http://carcarkabkad.blogspot.com/2011/11/carcar-cebu-philippines.html
URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBU
The structured Landscape
• The early churches were made of forests
products.
• Bishop Domingo de Salazar of Manila complained
of the physical features of Cebu’s Churches.
• 1591 Cebu became the seat of a diocese that
included the Visayas, Northern coast of Mindanao
and the Marianas Island. http://carcarkabkad.blogspot.com/2011/11/carcar-cebu-philippines.html
URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBU
House building in Cebu
• 18th & early 19th centuries, stone structures in
Cebu’s buildings were imposed.
• 19th century private residences was then
constructed using stones, bricks and tiles.
• Material prosperity due to world trade in Philippine
Agricultural products.
• Pari-an was known to have strong and durable
houses made of hard word, stone blocks… p. 53
• Bamboo houses are still visible; city still has farm
land in it as described by Bruce Fenner
URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBU
House building in Cebu
• The district of Pari-an was known to be a place for elite
families in Cebu.
• Growth results to commercialization and
professionalization of construction.
• Increase in the traffic of urban solares (lots) and houses
p. 64
• Most of the houses are owned by different religious
orders and had them leased to private individuals.
• 19th century created a market for houses and lots.
URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBU
• a square or rectangular ground plan. Full stone
houses;
• Private residences with two stories;
• Four natural forces- rains, typhoons, earthquakes and
fire- were important shaping forces in colonial
architecture.
• Art historians see this colonial town residence as
evolution from the native dwelling.
Domestic Architecture in Cebu
URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBU
• People spent lavishly for entertainments.
• Land was important material to maintain
wealth.
• People value fiesta celebrations.
• Zarzuelas in Plaza of Parian sponsored
mostly by a government official.
• Educational opportunities were limited only
Seminario de San Carlos offered beyond
elementary level.
Colonial Residential Life
URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBU
• Major popular festivities were Governor or royal
birthday and religious festivities.
• Bullfights, zarzuelas, theatre houses ( Teatro
Junquera- first playhouse in Cebu).
• A theatre was then built on the land of Rafael
Veloso in the kanipaan district and it was reported
grand compare to what they have in Manila.
• Social and Cultural life in the community became
more active p. 77
Colonial Residential Life
URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBU
• The yearly Cebu Carnival also became a major
event in the city.
• At this time of social growth, American
consumer-world began to invade the area.
Colonial Residential Life
URBAN RESIDENCE IN CEBU
• The new port economy modified
patterns of residential life.
• Cebuanos began to develop a taste of
European imports and luxury goods.
• Imported good were mostly for
construction of houses p.72
Colonial Residential Life
GORORDO RESIDENCE IN CEBU
• Gorordo family is a product of cross-ethnic marriages.
• Engaged in trading parcels of land, cash crops and money
lending.
• They moved to barili where Juan Isidro de Gorordo was Fiel
Interno (tax collector for wine products)
• The elder Gorordo was in Spanish Civil Service as Visitador
(inspector in the province)
• Jose the elder son was an active landowner and contratista of
sugar and other cash crops.
• 2 elder daughters never married while the youngest, Maria
married Leoncio Jaen a Spaniard.
Gorordo Household
GORORDO RESIDENCE IN CEBU
• The younger son Juan came to be the best known Gorordo.
• Servings as the first Filipino bishop of Cebu. He was born in
Barili on April 18, 1862.
• He was a distinguished student in Seminario de San Carlos
@ the age of 12.
• He serve as a teacher after his ordination.
• Gone to China for missionary duties, serve as a chaplain in
the Cebu Cathedral.
• The young Juan was one of the emissaries who met
Americans on board when Spanish government collapse.
Gorordo Household
GORORDO RESIDENCE IN CEBU
• Cebu Cathedral was completed.
• Building of Sto. Rosario Church
• Colegio de San Carlos on P. Del Rosario St.
• He donated 54 hectares of land for the Eversley childs
Leprosarium in Consolacion, Cebu.
• 40% of his assets/ wealth was given for the Church and the
next to his family.
• When Juan Gorordo was elevated as Bishop of Cebu in
June 1909 it was well celebrated.
Gorordo Household
GORORDO RESIDENCE IN CEBU
• House construction was surrounded by a complex of Folk
beliefs preserved in Oral tradition.
• Parian was one of the most Hispanified districts of the
province.
• Old wealthy families had a priest in the family,
• Priesthood as the primary way towards intellectual and
social advancement for Filipinos.
• Parian houses a distinct monastic quality in the presence
of religious symbols, the murmured nightly novenas and
the lack of a loud, boisterous gaiety.
Life in The Old House
GORORDO RESIDENCE IN CEBU
• Women were active in the family business.
• Gorordo women were in home-based business of
filling orders for cakes and desserts.
• Gorordo women were also busy attending religious
activity.
• Gorordo residence (family) can be taken as a
representative for both Hispanic and Filipino mestizo
culture.
Life in The Old House
THE RESIDENTIAL COMPLEX IN THE PHILIPPINES
• P.113
• House serves as a social and cultural instrument and symbol.
• Experienced transformations due to developments in economic systems.
• It is a Malayan and Filipino developed dwellings.
• Reeds described that Spaniards- “instinctively equated civilization with
urbanism” p.114
• Ethnocentric view “ a town of stone expresses social progress… while that
of nipa houses indicates savagery…exhibits inferior people p.114
• Environmental degradation
• Fragmentation
• Differentiation od residential and commercial districts
• Change of old public orientation of residential life.
• http://zerothreetwo.com/travel/casa-gorordo-museum-cebu/