transcript
- Transboundary water cooperation in the Nile Basin: generating
and sharing benefits? Ana Elisa Casco Kings College of London/
London Water Research Group DEV Seminars University of East Anglia
6th March 2009
- Nile River Basin: Map
- Nile River Basin: Overview
- Nile Basin Hydropolitics SECURITISATION HYDRO-SOVEREIGNTY
COOPERATION
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- Water = National Security
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- Hydro-Hegemony ( Zeitoun and Warner 2006)
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- Problematic water agreements
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- Water-Sharing: political priority
- Nile Basin: From conflict to cooperation?
- Nile Basin Cooperation NILE BASIN INITIATIVE (1999)
BENEFIT-SHARING PARADIGM
- Benefit-Sharing Paradigm Benefits to the river Benefits from
the river Benefits because of the river Benefits beyond the river
BENEFITS OF COOPERATION Environmental Social Economic Political
Sadoff and Grey 2002, 2005 A focus on sharing the benefits derived
from the use of water, rather than the allocation of water itself,
provides far greater scope for identifying mutually beneficial
cooperative actions
- Benefit & Cost Sharing Matrix Level Types of benefits
Environmental Social Economic Political Regional National Local
BENEFIT & COST SHARING MATRIX Benefits Costs/Constraints
- Hydro-Sovereignty: current scenario Aswan High Dam (Egypt)
Merowe Dam (Sudan) Tekezze Dam (Ethiopia) ZERO-SUM SCENARIO
- Unilateral projects: limited benefits & high costs
Level Types of benefits Environmental Social Economic Political
Regional National Local BENEFITS: (unilateral)
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- National economic/social development
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- Consolidated water control
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- Political power (national and regional levels)
COSTS/CONSTRAINTS:
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- Unsustainable development
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- Inequitable utilisation and allocation
- Nile Basin Initiative: Joint projects with potential for
benefits
- Hydropower production and trade
- Irrigation development (upstream)
POSITIVE-SUM SCENARIO
- 1. Hydropower Production and Trade
- Hydropower Production and Trade Level Types of benefits
Environmental Social Economic Political Regional National Local
BENEFITS:
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- Power grid, pool and trade
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- Reduction of water losses
COSTS/CONSTRAINTS:
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- Social and environmental externalities (regional and local
levels)
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- Property rights and water allocations
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- Water-sharing negotiations
- 2. Watershed Management
- Watershed Management
Level Types of benefits Environmental Social Economic Political
Regional National Local !! BENEFITS:
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- Ecosystem protection and conservation
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- Erosion and sedimentation control
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- Improved efficiency of dams
COSTS/CONSTRAINTS:
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- Unclear Benefit-sharing negotiations
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- Unclear identification of trade-offs
- 3. Irrigation Development (upstream)
- Irrigation Development (upstream) Level Types of benefits
Environmental Social Economic Political Regional National Local
BENEFITS:
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- Suitable sites for irrigation
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- Increased water productivity
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- Efficient water utilisation
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- Increased food production
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- Regional food market and trade
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- Reduce food & poverty gaps
COSTS/CONSTRAINTS:
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- Impacts on flows downstream
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- Propoperty rights and water allocations
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- Water-Sharing negotiations
- Why the benefit-sharing paradigm did not work (so far) in the
Nile Basin? CONCEPTUAL REASONS Poorly understood and not coherently
developed Extremely theoretical and complex Rational and
economicist model No clear rationale POLITICAL REASONS
Water-Sharing is still the main political priority Self-interests
and sovereignty still guides political decision Poor understanding
of basin-wide management & cooperation NBI no benefits
delivered * Need to develop the concept further * Need to identify
concrete development opportunities, incentives and trade-offs *
Need to integrate BS and WS negotiations
- Conclusions
- Cooperation: Potential exists!
- But Benefits and Positive-sum outcomes still need to be
materialised
- Nile waters: Still extemely politicised
- Hydro-Sovereignty mindsets remain
- Water-Sharing still the priority
- Benefit-Sharing alone is not the solution
- Negotiations for Benefit-sharing and Water-Sharing cannot be
separated
Transboundary water cooperation in the Nile Basin: generating and
sharing benefits?
- Thank you! [email_address]