Cataloging Trends and Challenges

Richard WisneskiAugust 2008

Kelvin Smith LibraryCase Western Reserve University

Current Trends and Challenges:

Increasing publication costs Increasing electronic resources and freely

available resources Inflation rate for library materials rising Increasing reliance on cooperative ventures

Process of creating MARC records will evolve over the next 5 years Outsourcing the creation of MARC records for

published materials will continue to expand Metadata in non-MARC formats from

venders will increasingly be used to populate fields in MARC records rather than be entered locally at every institution

Less emphasis on rigid data formatting; more emphasis on usefulness of data to patrons.

FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) Displays existing subject reference structures

in authority files better Allows users to better navigate the subject

reference structure, moving from "see references" to authorized headings.

Display will make better use of relationships between bibliographic entities.

FRBR -- Continued

Example: OCLC Fiction Finder

Cataloging Staffs…

Will apply appropriate metadata format to a particular situation

Will know non-MARC standards and emerging metadata schemes, such as Dublin Core, VRA, TEI, MODS

More time devoted to authority control, subject analysis, resource identification

From "On the record: Report of The Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control"

5 recommendations:1. Increase cooperation and sharing of

bibliographic records.2. Expose users to rare and unique materials

held by libraries3. Recognize the WWW as the platform for

delivery.4. Investigate the potential of FRBR5. Strengthen library and information science

programs

From "Response to 'On the record: Report of the Library of Congress Working Group on the Future of Bibliographic Control'"Supports:

1. Being more flexible in accepting bibliographic data from others (e.g. publishers) that do not conform precisely to U.S. library standards

2. Data sharing with publishers and vendor partners4. Development of mechanisms to use data and metadata from

network resources (e.g. indexing services, Amazon, IMDb)5. Exploration of tools to share bibliographic data, such as Open

Archive Initiative-Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH).6. More cataloging of materials in special collections -- finding aids

accessible vial online catalogs (e.g. EAD)7. Develop a more flexible, extensible metadata carrier -- recognize

that Z39.2/MARC are no longer fit for the purpose; work to implement a carrier that is capable of representing the full range of data of interest to libraries

8. MODS, MARCXML, METS, Dubin Core, and other evolving standards to enable broader use and maximization of LC data

Metadata Example

MARC Record:

Umbrellas and their history

Umbrellas and their History

LEADER 00000nam 2200000Ia 4500001 53177393003 OCoLC005 20031010070046.0008 031010s1871 enka r 000 0 eng d040 CWR|cCWR049 CWRR090 GT2210|b.S3 1871a100 1 Sangster, William,|d1808-1888245 10 Umbrellas and their history /|cby William Sangster ; with illustrations by

Bennett260 London [England] ;|aNew York [N.Y.] :|bCassell, Petter, and Galpin,|c[1871?]300 80 p. :|bill. ;|c19 cm533 Photocopy.|bLaCrosse, Wis. :|cBrookhaven Press :|cdigital production by

Northern Micrographics, Inc.,|d2001.|e29 cm650 0 Umbrellas776 1 |cOriginal|w(DLC) 14016385

MARC XML MARC XML

<record><leader>01177nam a2200313Ia 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">2407600</controlfield>

<controlfield tag="005">19890803132127.0</controlfield>

<controlfield tag="008">760901s1871 enka 000 0 engm </controlfield>

<datafield tag="010" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">14016385</subfield></datafield>

<datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">.b16932407</subfield><subfield code="b">ux </subfield><subfield code="c">-</subfield></datafield>

Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS)Used for: Encoding administrative, structural, and descriptive

metadata about objects within a digital library Providing a useful standard for the exchange of

digital library objects between repositories Providing a coherent means for archiving digital

objects and their metadata Standardizing the containers for digital library

metadata (similar to MARC) and the rules for the metadata content itself (similar to AACR).

Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) -- Continued

Used by Mark Twain Project California Digital Library, Escholarship University of Michigan, Mbooks Etc.

<mets:dmdSec ID="DID001" CREATED="2006-08-22T15:56:00"><mets:mdWrap MDTYPE="MODS"><mets:xmlData><mods:mods version="3.0"><mods:titleInfo><mods:title>Umbrellas and their history</mods:title></mods:titleInfo><mods:name type="personal"><mods:namePart>Sangster, William</mods:namePart><mods:namePart type="date">1808-1888</mods:namePart><mods:role><mods:roleTerm authority="marcrelator" type="text">creator</mods:roleTerm></mods:role>

METS RECORD SAMPLE:

Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS)

Used for… Representing metadata for harvesting Representing a simplified MARC record in

XML Simplifying the full MARC format, yet being

richer than Dublin Core Being more end user oriented than the full

MARCXML

Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS) -- Continued

Used By: Library of Congress

American Memory Project Kelvin Smith Library’s

Classics Slide Collection Center for Digital Initiatives, Brown University Ethnomusicological Video, Indiana University Etc.

MODS Record Sample

<mods version="3.0">

MARC Tags:• 1XX – author• 245 – title• 300 – physical description• 546 – language• 6XX – subject headings• 500 – general note

titleInfoNoteNameSubjecttypeOfResourceClassificationGenrerelatedItemoriginInfoIdentifierLanguageLocationExtentAccessConditionAbstracttableOfContentstargetAudience

Dublin Core (DC)

Used for Promoting the widespread adoption of interoperable

metadata standards Providing card catalog-like definitions for defining the

properties of objects for Web-based resource discovery systems

Representing 15 core elements likely to be useful across a broad range of disciplines of study.

Providing a core set of elements that could be shared across disciplines or within any type of organization

Dublin Core (DC)

Used by Kelvin Smith Library Digital Case Cleveland State University’s Cleveland

Memory Project Ohio’s Heritage Northeast Etc. etc.

Dublin Core Record Sample

<dc:title/> <dc:creator>Sangster, William, 1808-1888</dc:creator> <dc:publisher>London : Cassell, Petter, and Galpin</dc:publisher> <dc:date>1871</dc:date> <dc:description>by William Sangster.</dc:description> <dc:subject>Umbrellas </dc:subject> <dc:type>text</dc:type> <dc:language>English</dc:language> <dc:type>80 p. illus. 19 cm.</dctype> <dc:format>text/xml</dc:format> <dc:rights>This work is in the public domain and may be freely downloaded for personal or academic use.</dc:rights> <dc:identifier>sanumb00</dc:identifier>

Text Encoding Initiative (TEI)

Used for: Storing information for the long term Analyzing information Sharing information Digital libraries Scholarly editions Manuscript collections and descriptions

Text Encoded Initiative (TEI)

Used by Brown University, Women Writers Project University of Maryland, Dickinson Electronic

Archives University of Virginia, Westward Exploration Miami University of Ohio, The Poetess

Archive Etc., etc.

TEI Record Sample

<teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title type="m">An electronic version of Umbrellas and their history</title><author>Sangster, William, 1808-1888</author><respStmt><resp>Creation of TEI.2-conformant electronic version.</resp><name>Kelvin Smith Library, Case Western Reserve University</name></respStmt></titleStmt><extent>115 kb</extent><publicationStmt><distributor n="collection">KSL Digital Book Collection</distributor><publisher>Digital Case, Kelvin Smith Library, Case Western Reserve University</publisher><pubPlace>Cleveland, Ohio</pubPlace><date value="2006">2006</date>

Conclusion

Transfer data to catalog cards

Applicable to today’s online environment?

Think of history behind MARC