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CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION
VERBAL GREETING
EXCHANGES IN ENGLISHGroup 3:
Nguyn T. Diu Hng
Nguyn T. Minh Hu
Bi T. Kim Ngn
Bi T. nh Ngc
Hong T. Hng Nhung
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Presenter:Bi Th nh Ngc
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Warm-up activity
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Descriptionoftargetparticipants
1. Class description
- Classsize: 27 studentsfromgroup K39A10,ULIS, VNU
- Gender: Female-Age: 21
- Level oflanguageproficiency:advancedEnglish
2. Teaching duration
- Numberoflectures: 3
- Time: 45 minutes/lecture
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Descriptionoftargetparticipants
3. Objectives
By the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
understand more about the ways of greeting in English.
identify significant differences between the ways of
greeting in English and Vietnamese -> develop skills for
creating positive communication climates & avoid
communication breakdown and culture shock.4. Teaching aids
Handouts, blackboard, chalks, Visual aids (PowerPoint
slideshow, clips)
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OUTLINE OF LESSONLecture 1: Overview ofverbal greetingsin English
1.Definition of greeting/verbal greeting/greeting exchanges
2. Greeting and addressing in English
3. Greeting and addressing in Vietnamese
Lecture 2: Verbal greeting exchangesin English
1. Greetings and responses in formal way
2. Greetings and responses in informal way
3. Conclusion
Lecture 3: Revision
1. Revision of ways of greeting in English
2. Exercises
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Lecture 2: Verbal Greeting Exchanges
in English1. Greetingsand responsesin formal way
1.1. Commonphrases1.2. Someillustrativegreetingsinformal way
1.2.1. Greeting between two business partners
1.2.2. Greeting between two people at their firstmeeting2. Greetingsand responsesin informal way
2.1. Commonphrases2.2. Someillustrativegreetingsininformal way
2.2.1. Greeting between two close friends2.2.2. Greeting between two colleagues
3. Comparison withways of greeting in Vietnamese
4. Conclusion
References
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OverviewHong Th Hng Nhung
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Greeting Greeting isa wayforhumansto
intentionallycommunicate to
showattentionto, and/ortoaffirm
orsuggestatypeofrelationshipor
social statusbetweenindividualsorgroupsofpeoplecoming in
contact with each other
Greetingscanbeexpressedboth
audibly (verbally) andphysically
(non-verbally) andofteninvolvea
combinationofthetwo.
(wikipedia.com)
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VERBAL GREETING EXCHANGES
are words or phrases used to introduce oneself or to greet
someone (Wikipedia)
may be one of three linguistic units: question (How do you
do?), interjection (Hello) or affirmation (Good morning)
(Firth,1973)
have 3 components:
formulaic phrases, address forms, and phatic
communion orsmall talk(Laver,1981)
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Verbal Greeting Exchanges
Verbal greetingexchangesin Englishfollow2 tendencies,basedondegrees ofintimacy betweeninterlocutors.
Informal greeting:usedbyclosefriends, closeassociates, longtime
collogues, teammates,etc.
Formal greeting:appropriateforbusiness;interactingwithstrangers,newacquaintances,clients, seniorsetc.
Degrees of Degrees offormality intimacy
moreformal lessintimate
lessformal moreintimate
Informal greeting:usedbyclosefriends, closeassociates, longtime
collogues, teammates,etc.
Formal greeting:appropriateforbusiness;interactingwithstrangers,newacquaintances,clients, seniorsetc.
Degrees of Degrees offormality intimacy
moreformal lessintimate
lessformal moreintimate
Informal greeting:usedbyclosefriends, closeassociates, longtime
collogues, teammates,etc.
Formal greeting:appropriateforbusiness;interactingwithstrangers,newacquaintances,clients, seniorsetc.
Degrees of Degrees offormality intimacy
moreformal lessintimate
lessformal moreintimate
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Formal Greeting ExchangesNguyn Th Minh Hu
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FORMAL GREETING EXCHANGES
Common phrases of formal greeting
Some illustrative greetingsin formal way
Greeting between two business partners
Greeting between two people at their first
meeting
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Greetingsin formal way
Often used by people at work or the old generation
Addressing terms preceded by the greeting are
often title (Doctor) or title with last name ( Doctor
Smith)
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Common phrases of formal greetings
Possible Greetings Possible Responses
Affirmation
(based on
time of day)
Good morning, Dr Johnson
Good afternoon Mrs Brown
Good evening, Mr Smith
Good morning
Good afternoon
Good evening
Interjection
(used atany
time of day)
Hello, Mr Smith/Sir!
Nice/Pleased to meetyou!
Im happyto meetyou
Itsa pleasure to meetyou.
Im very pleased to make
youracquaintance
Hello, Mrs Brown/Madam!
Nice/Pleased to meetyou,too!
So am I
Question
How do you do?
Howare you doing?
Howhave you been?
How do you do?
Im doing verywell
Im very fine
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Some illustrative greetings
in formal way
Greeting between people atthe first
meeting
Takes place between new people attheir first
meeting.
Gives participants opportunitiesto communicateand find connections,similarities between friends.
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http://vocw.
edu.
vn/content/m11241/latest/
Greetings between people
atthe first meeting
For example: (Ata party)A: Let me introduce myself. Im Michael Benjamin.
Its nice to meet you.
B: Nice to meet you. My names John SmithA: Who do you know here?
B: Bill. I work with him.
A: Oh. Are you an accountant, too?
B: No, Im in public relations.
A: Oh. Well, Im an old friend of Bills
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http://vocw.
edu.
vn/content/m11241/latest/
Greetings between two business
partners
used between people who have no close social
relationship
startswithavery briefsentence,sometimes no
greeting sentence is used.
For example:
Client:Mr. Matone?
Joe Matone: Yes?
Client:I want to talk to you about Puerto Rico.
Joe Matone: Oh? Come in. What about Puerto Rico?
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Clip 1
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Clip 2
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GREETING IN INFORMAL WAY
Bi Th Kim Ngn
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INFORMAL GREETING EXCHANGES
Common phrases ofinformal greeting
Some illustrative greetingsin informalway
Greeting between two close friends
Greeting between two neighbours
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Greetingsin informal way
Oftenusedinsomeintimateinteractions,
betweenpeoplewhohavea(very)close
relationship
Addressingtermsprecededbythegreetingare
short(maybefirstnameormultiplename LizforElizabeth/ Bill forWilliams)
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CommonphrasesGreetings Responses
Time of a
day Morning/Afternoon/Evening
Morning/Afternoon/Evening
General Hello/Hi/Hey/Hi there! Hello/Hi/Hey/Hi there!
Question
greeting
What's happening?
How's it going?
What's up?
"How ya doin'?How's things?
How are you?
Whats new?
Fine/Not bad/ All right / Pretty good
/ So so
Can't complain. How 'bout you?
Im cool / Im fine / Imokay
Terrible, nothing's going right.
Couldn't get any better
Then ask, "What's up with you?" or
"How about you?"
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Clip 3 Informal greetingin English
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Greetings between close friends
A: Hi, JohnB: Hey, alright. How areyou?
A: Very well.B: What have you been upto?A: So so. Whataboutyou?B: Oh, quite busy
intimate interaction, close
relationship)
Using shortaddressingterm
using simple and short
greeting phrases
using very general questions
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Greetings between colleagues
(In an office, Kate enters theroom)
Kate: Bill, whatare you doing?
Bill: Oh, Kate. Justtypingthereport
Kate: Yeah, have you finishedthat
work?
Bill: Nearly in fact.
intimate interaction, close
relationship
using multiple names : Kate, Bill
Omitting greeting formulaic (Hi,
Hey)
discussing aboutsomething both
know
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Clip 4 Informal greetingin Vietnamese
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Presenter:Nguyn Th Diu Hng
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Comparison with Vietnamese formal
greeting exchanges
The youngsters The elders
- Chu cho ng !- Cho chu!
emphasize on the social order
The social relations:
- Cho ch [xin li, ti ang tm s nh 50, ch ch gipvi ] ( strangers)
- Cho anh [Anh n sm th ] - Vng, ti c chtvic. (colleagues not close)- Cho bc s ( patient/relatives of the patients
doctor)
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Comparison with Vietnamese formal
greeting exchanges
Formula
Greeting:
Thepronounindicatesthespeaker+ CHO + Thepronoun
indicatesthe listener
Response:
CHO + Thepronounindicatetheopposite
The word isoftenaddedattheendofthegreetingutterancetoshowrespectofthespeakertothe listener
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Comparison with Vietnamese formal
greeting exchanges
Ifthegreetingisperformedwithquestion,theresponseisoftenpositiveandcourtesy.
- Anh Khnh!
- Khngdm, choc!
- Donyanhkhekhng ?
- Cm nc, nhtri, tivnkhe!
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Comparison with Vietnamese informal
greeting exchanges
The two personshave aclose and/or longrelationship:
- M!- , vmunthcon!
- D Lan! Cngchu, lu lmmithy nchi!- C Vn!-Minhem, radngquriny!Ln ihcrickhc.
- Hoa thi! My!
The addressing terms are important and can not beomitted between the people who are at different age andstatus.
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Comparison with Vietnamese informal
greeting exchanges
The greetingsare often accompanied
with questions
- Mai, i u y?- , my, omihaysaoka?
- Ch Sn, ch ang lmgtrnncnhth?
- Hng, , ch angsaciny. ihcv?
- D!
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When Vietnamese people know each other well, thegreetings are exchanged as a way to show thefriendliness and their care about each other.
- Ch L! - Em yah! Vng. Nghenihmtrcchbcm, chath? ri, thay ithitit m!
- Chuchob!Donybkhekhng ? i, vnau lngsutch !
Comparison with Vietnamese informal
greeting exchanges
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Comparison with Vietnamese informal
greeting exchanges
In English, if people greet in question, they also do notexpect an exact answer. However, the answer is often
positive, although it is not the real situation:
-How are you going? Not bad
Only those who are really close to each other give the truthanswer:- Whats up? Terrible!
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CONCLUSION
Greetings in English are more standard interms of formula than those in Vietnamese.
TheAnglicists seem to use more open-endedquestions (Whquestions) as greetingexchanges. The questions mostly concern withhealth or general questions, not requiring into
detailed problems.
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CONCLUSION
Differently, Vietnamese greeting exchanges are in theform of both open-ended and close-ended questions(Yes-No questions), work-in-progress questions,concerning with what other people are doing, are themost popular (want to announce their presence or toshow their concern).
=>The greeting exchanges in English and Vietnamese are
strikingly different. This is understandable due todifferent values in cultures.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/greetinghttp://answer.com/greetinghttp://www.learningenglish.de/basics/greetings.htm
http://www.english-at-home/speaking/english-greetings
http://www.english-test.net/esl/learn/english/grammar/ii129/esl-
answers.phpKennet E-Williams, An Evaluationof Greeting
Exchangesin Textbooksand Real Life Settings
REFERENCES
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