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Cellular Respiration
How our body makes ATP, ENERGY!!
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EngageATP GunAdenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP)AdenosineRibose Sugar3 Phosphates
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Explore:Cellular Respiration Simulation
To review the "big picture" of metabolism, aiding students in understanding the relationship among glycolysis, the Kreb's cycle, and the ETC. See the diagram for the simulation layout.
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Explore:
Muscle FatigueYou will be using a procedure to experience and explore lactic acid buildup in muscles.
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Explain:Where do our cells get energy?
6-C sugars are the MAJOR source of energy for cellWhat type of macromolecule are 6-C sugars?
Carbohydrates
Cells break down glucose a 6-C sugar to make ATP “energy”
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Overall Chemical Process
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + usable energy
(ATP)
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Cellular Respiration (3-stages)
GlycolysisKrebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
Glucose
Glycolysis Krebs cycle
Electrontransport
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid
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FlowchartSection 9-2
Glucose(C6H1206)
+Oxygen
(02)
Glycolysis KrebsCycle
ElectronTransport
Chain
Carbon Dioxide
(CO2)+
Water(H2O)
+ATP
Cellular Respiration
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Glucose
To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 GlycolysisGlycolysis:
Step 1
2 Pyruvic acid
Glucose
To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 GlycolysisSection 9-1
2 Pyruvic acid
Glucose
To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 GlycolysisSection 9-1
2 Pyruvic acid
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Where CytoplasmNO O2 required
Energy Yield net gain of 2 ATP at the expense of 2 ATP6-C glucose TWO 3-C pyruvatesFree e- and H+ combine with organic ion carriers called NAD+ NADH + H+
(nicotinamide dinucleotide)
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Summary
InGlucose (6-C)2 ATP
Out 2 pyruvate; 2(3-C)
2NADHa net of 2 ATP
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Questions
Where does glycolysis take place?Glycolysis energy yield?Breaks glucose into TWO ________.
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Citric Acid Production
The Krebs CycleSection 9-2
Mitochondrion
Citric Acid Production
Figure 9–6 The Krebs CycleSection 9-2
Mitochondrion
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Breakdown of Pyruvic Acid
Where mitochondriaPyruvate (3-C) Acetic acid (2-C)3rd C forms CO2
Acetic acid combines with Coenzyme A to form ACETYL-CoA
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Summary
InPyruvateNADCoA
OutCO2 (as waste)
NADHAcetyl-CoA
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What is releasing Energy with O2?
Aerobic respiration Where In mitochondria
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Second Step: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Where Mitochondrial matrixEnergy Yield 2 ATP and more e-
Acetyl-CoA (2-C) combines with 4-C to form 6-C CITRIC ACIDCitric Acid (6-C) changed to 5-C then to a 4-C Gives off a CO2 moleculeNAD+ and FAD pick up the released e-
FAD becomes FADH2
NAD+ becomes NADH + H+
Cycle ALWAYS reforming a 4-C molecule
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Krebs Cycle
Citric Acid Production
The Krebs CycleSection 9-2
Mitochondrion
Citric Acid Production
Figure 9–6 The Krebs CycleSection 9-2
Mitochondrion
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ETC
Where inner membrane of mitochondriaEnergy Yield Total of 32 ATPO2 combines with TWO H+ to form H2O
Exhale - CO2, H2O comes from cellular respiration
Electron Transport ChainSection 9-2
Electron TransportHydrogen Ion Movement
ATP Production
ATP synthase
Channel
Inner Membrane
Matrix
Intermembrane Space
Mitochondrion
Summary
GlucoseGlycolysis
Cytoplasm
Pyruvic acid
Electrons carried in NADH
Krebs Cycle
Electrons carried in
NADH and FADH2 Electron
Transport Chain
Mitochondrion
Mitochondrion
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Total ENERGY Yield
Glycolysis 2 ATPKrebs Cycle 2 ATPETC 32 ATP
Total 36 ATP
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Elaboration
Respiration LabThree experiments that review and further explain the process of cellular respiration
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What happens if NO O2?
Cellular respiration process STOPS
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Aerobic vs. Anaerobic
Anaerobic DOES NOT require oxygen
Simplefast produces smaller amounts of energy (ATP)
Aerobic requires oxygen
Yields large amounts of energyWhat is this energy molecule?
ATP, ATP, ATP
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Releasing Energy w/out Oxygen
Anaerobic RespirationNO Additional ATP is Formed
NO O2 leads to FermentationTwo Types
Lactic Acid FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
bacteria, plants and most animals
After glycolysis 2 pyruvic acid changed to lactic acid
Sometimes happens in your muscles, cramps-----Exercise
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Alcoholic FermentationBacteria and fungi (yeast)
Ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products
Process used to form beer, wine, and other alcoholic beveragesAlso used to raise dough, bread
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Cellular Respiration Review
Three Main StagesGlycolysis (2 ATP)Kreb’s Cycle (2 ATP)Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP)
Glucose
To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 GlycolysisGlycolysis:
Step 1
2 Pyruvic acid
Glucose
To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 GlycolysisSection 9-1
2 Pyruvic acid
Glucose
To the electron transport chain
Figure 9–3 GlycolysisSection 9-1
2 Pyruvic acid
Citric Acid Production
The Krebs Cycle: Step 2Section 9-2
Mitochondrion
Citric Acid Production
Figure 9–6 The Krebs CycleSection 9-2
Mitochondrion
Electron Transport Chain: Step 3Section 9-2
Electron TransportHydrogen Ion Movement
ATP Production
ATP synthase
Channel
Inner Membrane
Matrix
Intermembrane Space
Mitochondrion
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Evaluation
Cellular Respiration Concept Map