CHAPTER 22

Section 1: Aftermath of War in Europe

Section 2: Origins of the Cold War

Europe and North America in the Postwar Years

SECTION 2

Origins of the Cold War

NATO Warsaw PactBoth

Bell Ringer 22.2:What are the similarities and differences between NATO and the Warsaw Pact?

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Origins of the Cold War

A new rivalry emerges after World War II …

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Origins of the Cold War

EASTERNBLOC

WESTERNBLOC

United Statessupported by

Westerndemocracies andnoncommunist

nations.

Soviet Union andits allies ofcommunistCountries.

This struggle quicklybecame known

as theCOLD WAR.

Political Cartoon

Origins of the Cold War

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Origins of the Cold War

Two sides were very different…• Completely different

economic and political systems

• Each side believed that its system should be the model for European reconstruction.

• Each side was concerned about future security.

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Origins of the Cold War

The “Iron Curtain”

• In a speech in Fulton, Missouri -Winston Churchill said that “…an ‘iron curtain’ has descended across the Continent …”

• …became a short-hand reference to the division of Europe as the Cold War strengthened.

• The Iron Curtain served to keep people in and information out of communist controlled countries.

Political Cartoon

Origins of the Cold War

Political Cartoon

Origins of the Cold War

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Origins of the Cold War

United States aids Europe…• Civil war broke out in Greece in

1944 between communists and conservatives.

• GB had intervened and declared a truce.

• In 1946 the communists renewed the war.

• In February 1947, the British told Truman they could no longer afford to keep their soldiers in Greece.

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Origins of the Cold War

12 Mar 1947 – President Truman addresses Congress and setforth a policy that is called the Truman Doctrine.

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Origins of the Cold War

Truman Doctrine• Declared the US must consider the

continued spread of communism to be a threat to democracy

• The US would support free peoples resisted takeover by communism

• Asked Congress to provide $400 million to help defend Greece and Turkey from communist aggression

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Origins of the Cold War

We would NOT stamp out communism where it already existed.But if a country requested assistance to prevent a communist takeover,

We would offer materials, money, and technical assistance.

The United States committed itself to restrict or containthe spread of communism.

CONTAINMENT

Visual Source

Origins of the Cold WarThis illustration from the July 16, 1948, U.S. News magazine shows the beginnings of American containment policy. The U.S. is seen sending troops, advisors and weapons to Turkey in hopes that the country will resist communism and remain democratic.

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Marshall Plan• On June 5, 1947, Secretary of State George Marshall

announced the European Recovery Program.

• To avoid antagonizing the Soviet Union, Marshall announced that the purpose of sending aid to Western Europe was completely humanitarian, and even offered aid to the communist states in the east.

• … created an economic miracle in Western Europe. By the target date of the program four years later, Western European industries were producing twice as much as they had been the year before war broke out.

Political Cartoon

Origins of the Cold War

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Origins of the Cold War

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Origins of the Cold War

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members relied heavily on U.S. nuclear weapons as a deterrent to aggression

members pledged to supply troops in proportion to their population in case of attack

meant to pro-vide protection

for member nations in

case of attack

NATO Warsaw PactBoth

CHAPTER 22