Agenda 3/30/161.India map activity2.Label page numbers in packet

starting with page 1 as the vocab. Page and pg. 23 on the back cover.

3. “ Physical Geography Activity,” “Pakistan”

4.Video clips

INDIA MAP ACTIVITY1. Label/color map of India. Use textbook pgs. 600- 603 OR atlases

pg. 1222. Label the country of Afghanistan 3. Label the following capital cities with a *- New Delhi and

Islamabad4. Color the map as follows:- Color each country a different color- Color/outline any rivers blue- Color/shade any high elevation brown3. Make a map key and label as follows: pgs. 602- 603 textbook- Highest population (500 and over)- shade color- Label Co for coal- Label G for gold4. Map quiz Friday!

INDIA

THAR DESERT

•Forms a natural border between India and Pakistan.

•The 18th largest desert in the world

•Most densely populated desert in the world.

•Lack of water supply leads to nomadic life

GANGES RIVER

• Flows through northern India & Bangladesh and empties into the Bay of Bengal

•Ganges Basin: Most heavily populated river basin in the world (400 million people)

•Lifeline to millions of Indians

•Among the 5 most polluted rivers in the world

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IZQyygZIEtY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wb_yDBmRgmU

Sacred River

•Most sacred river to Hindus- have festivals on river

•Earthly home to Hindu goddess Ganga

•Referred to as Gangamai “Mother Ganges”

•Believe river has healing powers•Many temples and shrines built along the river•People gather daily at Varanasi (town along the river) for purification and prayer•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yijw7Qe0HKQ

Population

•More than 1.2 billion live in India.

•India is the most populated democratic country in the world.

•Most Indians live in the north or along the coasts.

Language

•Several hundred languages are spoken in India.

•India’s two official languages are Hindi and English.

•Hindi is spoken by about 30% of the population.

Religion

•India is the birthplace of four religions:•Hinduism•Buddhism•Jainism•Sikhism

Caste System

The caste system is a strict separation of people based on occupation.

Although illegal for over 50 years, the caste system still influences India.

High Caste vs. Low Caste

•High caste=a lot of privileges

•Low caste=limited opportunities

•The caste system is slowly changing

Determining Factor

•Your caste determines:•Who you marry•The kind of house you live in

•What type of job you will have

CASTE VIDEO CLIPS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oh_xvKLhZHghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyCQDIwHlXY

•DoNOT HAVE TO COMPLETE:•Pg. 5, 6, 7•Pgs. 14, 15, 16•Pgs. 17, 18, 19, 21, 23 Due next Fri. 4/15

CLASS WORK 4/5/16

1. Use textbook pgs. 626- 632 to complete pg. 20 “History and Governments” Ch. 23 Section 1

2. Video clips3. Hinduism/Buddhism article

Hinduism & Buddhism reading•When done pg. 20, answer all questions on pg. 3 and 5 – can write directly on the paper.

Quick-Write

• Write a paragraph detailing the problems that might be caused by the Hindu caste system.

• Think about:– Being born into a caste– Being able to move into a different caste only

through reincarnation

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

2500-1500 BCE, largest of the world’s earliest civilizations, 1,000 miles inland from Arabian Sea

PLANNED CITIES: Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Carefully laid out, checkerboard roads, walls, warehouses for food, elaborate bathing facilities

ARRIVAL OF THE ARYANS

Came to Indus River Valley through the Hindu Kush Mountains

Aryan migration into India took hundreds of years: successors came due to iron weapons and chariots

ARYAN CULTURE

Vedas- oral religious tradition: get most information about Aryan culture: includes hymns, prayers, and ritualsWritten between: 1500 BCE and 1000 BCE

Vedas• Vedas showed that Aryans were

organized into varnas, social groups• Over time a caste system arose • Caste= social group that someone is

born into; cannot change• Called jati in South Asia• Thousands of jati still exist • Constitution does not recognize the

caste system

SOCIAL CLASSESFour social classes called Varna which became the caste system

Aryan civilization

• Smaller kingdoms emerged to Mauryan empire

• Leader Asoka helped spread Buddhism• Gupta empire then ruled India• Muslims then conquered and formed Mughal

empire- lasted until the 1700s; then under British rule

Religions of South Asia

Buddhism in the Subcontinent

Ancient Indian Religions: Hinduism OVERVIEW•3rd largest religion in the world•Began in Indus Valley•Reflect beliefs of ancient Aryans and other civilizations- many different deities (gods)

•All gods part of one spirit (Brahman)- goal is to reach this after cycle of rebirths

•Belief in reincarnation (rebirth), and karma (consequences of our lives) will determine the spot in our cycle of rebirth

Hinduism

SHIVA

Hinduism• Began about 4,000

years ago in India• Religion of the

Aryans

Hinduism is a way of life that shapes and unifies much of Indian culture.

Hinduism: Development

Hindu, from the Persian “Hind”: geographical area where original civilization of India began (Indus River Valley)Beliefs change based on local/regional traditions

•Over a million gods exist as a result

• The sacred texts – books about Hindu beliefs are recorded in the Vedas and the Upanishads contain eternal truths that were revealed to wise men.

The Three Main Gods

• Brahma is the creator, Vishnu is the preserver, and Siva or Shiva is the destroyer.

Brahman• Brahman: the single supreme force; an infinite reality; divine ground beyond this universe

• Very few Hindus can truly understand Brahma

It could remind you of Christian heaven.

Moksha• Suffering: pursue

false goals such as material riches and personal pleasure

The true goal of life is moksha: freeing of the soul from the body so that the soul can unite with Brahma.

Reincarnation• Moksha – cannot be achieved in one lifetime so

undergo reincarnation: rebirth of the soul in various forms.

Samsara:Reincarnation

• After the body dies – the soul may be reborn as anything from a flower to a snake – however, each form is only temporary.

You only need to die to change your current position (or form).

• Dharma: the ultimate moral balance of all things. Each person is responsible for balancing his or her dharma.

• Karma: Will experience the effects of his or her actions if balance is disturbed

Karma • A person’s current situation is a result of his or her deeds in a past existence.

• The better the deeds – the higher the caste or place in society.

Quick-Write

• Write a paragraph detailing the problems that might be caused by the Hindu caste system.

• Think about:– Being born into a caste– Being able to move into a different caste only

through reincarnation

MANDIR

• Hindu temple: place of worship

• Dedicated to one or many Hindu deities

• Japa - Individual silent or soft repetition of mantras

Delhi: Largest Hindu Temple Complex

London

Krishna Temple, Utah

PUJAS (Prayers, Songs, Rituals)

• Create shrines in temples, in the home, and in outdoor public spaces.

• Priests perform puja at sunrise, noon, sunset, and midnight.

• Visiting a temple every day or even regularly is not mandatory so many worship at home.

FAMILY SHRINE• A photograph of god/gods, flowers, fruits, incense,

perfume, a bell, an oil lamp, scripture

HOLIDAYS: DIWALI (A Row of Lights)

• Hindu New Year (October or November)• Decorate streets and doorways with small clay

lamps in anticipation of the coming of Lakshmi (prosperity and good fortune)

• Lasts for five days• Clean homes, decorate floors with floor

paintings made of rice flour• Wears finest clothes & offers gifts to neighbors

CHAITRA (HOLI)

• Spring festival (March or April) celebrating coming of Krishna

• Bonfires lit in the evening to empower the sun as it moves to longer and warmer spring hours

• Sing and dance all night and extinguish fire with water at dawn

• Water colored with dyes are thrown at each other, eat holiday foods and sweets

• Lasts for 3 days

SYMBOLS: AUM

• Means yes or will be• Said in the beginning of mantras or Hindu

texts and at the end of reading the Vedas

SRI YANTRA

• 9 interlocking triangles (4 upward: masculine and 5 downward: feminine) meet at a point representing the interlocking of the two and representing all creation

THE SWASTIKA

• Good fortune, luck, well-being

THE LOTUS

• Represents beauty

Buddhism• 500 BC• Founded by Siddharta Gautama- was a prince,

then gave up his wealth• Became known as the Buddha or “Enligtened

One”• Teachings of giving up material possessions

and reaching nirvana

Siddhartha Gautama (563-483 BCE) Born in NE India Born in NE India

(Nepal).(Nepal). Raised in great luxuryRaised in great luxury

to be a king.to be a king. At 29 he rejectedAt 29 he rejected

his luxurious life tohis luxurious life toseek enlightenmentseek enlightenmentand the source ofand the source ofsuffering.suffering.

Lived a strict,Lived a strict,asceticascetic life for 6 yrs. life for 6 yrs.

Rejecting this extreme, sat in Rejecting this extreme, sat in meditation, and found meditation, and found nirvananirvana..

Became “The Enlightened One,” Became “The Enlightened One,” at 35.at 35.

What is the fundamental cause

of all suffering?

Desire! Therefore, extinguish the Therefore, extinguish the

self, don’t obsess about self, don’t obsess about oneself.oneself.

Buddha’s teachings

- Suffering is caused by wanting material goods and being too attached to material goods

- Only way to relieve suffering is to give up material goods

- Follow the Eightfold Path

Four Noble Truths4.4. To reach To reach nirvananirvana, one , one

must follow the must follow the Eightfold Path. Eightfold Path.

Eightfold Path

Nirvana The union with the The union with the ultimate ultimate spiritual reality. spiritual reality.

Escape from the cycle of Escape from the cycle of rebirth. rebirth.

Buddha – 19c Thailand

Buddha’s

head : 2c

Pakistan

Mandala: Wheel of Life Motif

Mandala: Wheel of Life Motif

The Dala

iLam

a

Distribution of Buddhism Centers

in the US, 2001

10th Annual western buddhist monastic

conference

California, 2004California, 2004

Relieve Stress & Meditate:

Get a Mantra !

Ohm...mani...padmeOhm...mani...padme...hung......hung...Hail to the jewel in the lotus!Hail to the jewel in the lotus!

INDIA UNDER BRITISH RULE

MUGHAL EMPIRE

Founded by Babur (1526)Lasted for more than 300 yearsAkbar the Great: Religious toleration (Muslims and Hindus)

Shah Jahan: Monument to his 3rd wife Both are buried there

EUROPEAN TRADERS Portuguese built a trading empire in Asia (Vasco da

Gama) Catholic missionaries sailed with Portuguese

merchants and converted many Indians to Christianity. In 1600, Dutch broke in and England set up the East

India Company The English built trading posts and traded gold and

silver for Indian goods such as cotton, textiles, silk, and tea

A STRUGGLE FOR POWER

At first, the Mughal Empire looked down on the Europeans and had power to set the terms of trade.

Later (Early 1700s), Mughal Empire began to decline (wasteful spending, ended toleration policy, civil wars)

Rival princes set up small independent kingdoms Britain and France began to compete with each

other for political and economic power. They allied with local Indian rulers against the

Mughal Empire British forces had overcome the French.

EAST INDIA COMPANY RULE

Robert Clive- British officer and administrator of the East India Company

Led British forces against the French and drove the French out.

Won control of Bengal section of India (Bangladesh)

He appointed local rulers who favored the East India Company

EAST INDIA COMPANY RULE

Traditional rivalries kept Indian rulers from uniting against the British.

The British encouraged disunity Earned the right to collect taxes, set up a law

code, set up a court system

BRITISH RULE Indians had many grievances against British

rule. British outlawed Hindu ritual suicide by widows British imposed high taxes Christian missionaries tried to convert Hindus

SEPOY REBELLION Sepoys: Indian troops who served in the British

army Sepoys heard rumors that cartridges for their

rifles were greased with beef or pork fat Fight for Britain in foreign lands (afraid would lose

caste) Sepoy Rebellion: 1857 near Delhi Sepoys killed some British soldiers. British brutally put down the uprising Led to lasting distrust between British and Indians

Positive and Negative outcomes(See pg. 630)

Negative Outcomes British textiles destroyed

local textile industry; Indians had to buy expensive British products

High taxes Had to raise cash crops

(tea, cotton, etc.) instead of food to pay for goods which led to a food shortage and famines

Only minor advances in health care

Positive outcomes Well-run government Founded schools to

educate higher-caste Indians

Improved education led to Indian resentment of British and increased nationalism

Improved transportation and communication; increased trade

MOHANDAS GANDHI Came from a middle class Hindu family Became a lawyer in Britain. Practiced law in South

Africa where he developed ideas about nonviolent resistance

Practiced civil disobedience: The refusal to obey unjust laws

Gave up western ways and encouraged traditional Indian industries like spinning cotton

Fasted Preached better treatment of all people regardless of

caste

Urged protests by civil disobedience (refusal to obey unjust laws with peaceful protests)

MOHANDAS GANDHI Civil disobedience: supported strikes and

protests, stop buying British-made goods The Salt March (1930): Protested the tax on salt Led followers on a 200 mile march and made

salt from sea water British arrested Gandhi and about 50,000 other

Indians

MOVING TOWARD INDEPENDENCE

When WWII began, the INC (Indian National Congress) refused to fight in support of Britain unless they were promised immediate independence

The British refused “Quit India” movement and followed a policy of

non-cooperation Britain arrested more than 20,000 Congress

members but was weakened by WWII

HINDU-MUSLIM CONFLICT

British encouraged conflict between the INC and the Muslim League

Muslims wanted a separate Muslim nation to protect their rights.

THE SUBCONTINENT DIVIDED

1946: widespread rioting between Hindus and Muslims

1947: British parliament passed the Indian Independence Act

Ended British rule and provided for partition (division) of India into two nations

Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan Fighting between the two nations continued.

Tensions today

East Pakistan became Bangladesh Both Muslims in Pakistan and Indians claim land

of Kashmir in Himalaya Mountains Fights over this border still today

Yes, you have a test today!

Can not use notes/packet

1. After the multiple choice, hand in scan-tron in bin and test outside bin.

2. Take a Short Answer test and hand in.3. Complete following packet pages by

Fri. 4/151. Pgs. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13; 22