Post on 01-Apr-2015
transcript
Ch.12 – World War I
U.S. Involvement
U.S. InvolvementZimmerman Note
–German foreign secretary to German ambassador in Mexico
–Promises New Mexico, Texas and Arizona
–March 1, 1917 – Wilson makes note public
–Anti-German sentiment strong in America
The Russian Revolution–Russians overthrew the czar (autocrat)
Sinking of U.S. Ships – City of Memphis, Illinois, and Vigilancia
U.S. Goes to War
Wilson torn between keeping peace or war
Revolution in Russia makes them suitable ally
April 6, 1917 – Congress votes to go to war
1918 – more than a million U.S. troops in Europe
Turning Point of the War– With the help of Gen. Pershing and his
troops the Germans are stopped 50 miles from Paris
1 month – more ammo used than in 4 years of Civil War
U.S. Goes to WarSelective Service Act
–May 1917: ages 21-30, later 18-45
–24 million volunteer for draft, 3 million drafted
–Join the American Expeditionary Forces
Training for War–Learned how to use a bayonet, a rifle, dig a trench, put on a gas mask, and throw a grenade
–Needed several months for training but, never had the time
The Convoy System– Needed a way to transport all merchant and
troop ships– Consisted of a group of unarmed ships
surrounded by a ring of destroyers, torpedo boats, and other armed naval vessels (equipped w/hydrophones to track subs)
– Very successful – U-boats didn’t sink a single troopship traveling to Europe
Black Soldiers – only 10% saw action– Most were used for menial labor– 369th Infantry – “Harlem Hell Fighters,”
integrated w/French troops, entire 369th Infantry received the Croix de Guerre
U.S. Goes to War
The Home FrontOrganizing Industry
–War Industries Board: regulated supply of raw material to manufacturers
–89 million pairs of socks, 19 million blankets, 95 ships in one day
–Labor unions refused to strike–Women taking over necessary jobs
Financing the War–Liberty Bonds raised $20 billion – only
covered ¼ of costs–Boy Scouts & Girl Scouts sold them
on street corners
WWI Propaganda
Posters
Liberty Bonds & War Savings
Stamps
The Home FrontConservation
–Price Controls: a system of pricing determined by the government
–Rationing: Heatless, meatless, wheatless, & victory gardens
–Daylight Savings Time: increased the # of daylight hours for workers and reduced the need for artificial light (fuel conservation)
WWI Propaganda Poster displays price controls
WWI Propaganda Posters
Victory Gardens & Canning Food
The Home FrontEnforcing Loyalty
–Trading with Enemy Act – censored publications
–Sedition Act – no speech disloyal to gov’t., flag, constitution, or armed forces
–Espionage Act – punished guilty for helping the enemy, hindering recruitment or inciting revolt
Anti-German Sentiment–Hamburger = Salisbury Steak–German Shepard = Police Dog–German Measles = Liberty Measles
Impact on U.S.116,000 soldiersWartime production = richest
country in the worldReturn to isolationismKilled progressivism, big business
back inHigher wages, higher inflationBlacks still suffering from
inequalityWomen making gains and loses
–Voting rights–Forced to leave jobs when men
returned home (b/c of job shortage)
End of WarNovember 7, 1918
–Germans ask for armistice
November 11–Armistice signed–11th hour, 11th day,
11th month8 million soldiers
diedOttoman Empire
killed thousands of Armenians (genocide)
Peace AgreementWilson’s 14
Points–Creates the
League of NationsTreaty of
Versailles–Redrawing of map–Germany accepts
full responsibility, stripped of colonies, pay reparations, reduced armed forces
Ch.12 Review Sussex Pledge Versailles Treaty –
what did Germany have to do?
Allies Fourteen Points Sedition League of Nations Central Powers Alliances – reason
why Europe was drawn into the war
Armistice Self-
determination Liberty Bonds Zimmerman
Note U-boat – hidden
& fired w/o warning
Genocide Reparations Imperialism Selective Service
Act
Ch.12 Review Which event sparked World War I? Describe the first few years of the war. What was the purpose of the convoy
system? African Americans role in the war. Types of rationing Events that pushed the U.S. into war High casualties War Industries Board fixed prices on
certain products (price controls) Main economic problem after the war –
job shortages Turning Point – Pershing’s troops blocked
Germans from Paris invasion