Bio 134

Ch. 19 Protists

Main Idea

! Protists form a diverse group of organisms that are subdivided based on their method of obtaining nutrients

What do all protists have in common? ! They are all eukaryotes

How are protists classified?

! Based on how they obtain nutrients

What are protozoan?

! Animal-like protists

How do protozoa obtain nutrients? ! They are heterotrophs – they ingest

food

How do plantlike protists obtain their nutrients? ! They make their own food through

photosynthesis

How do the funguslike protists obtain their nutrients? ! They absorb their nutrients from other

organisms

19.2 Protozoan – Animal-like protists

p. 546 - 552

Main Idea

! Protozoans are animal-like, heterotrophic protists

How do members of ciliophora move around? ! They use cilia

– Cilia – numerous short hairlike projections

Example of a Ciliate:

Stentor

Trichodina pediculus

Paramecuim

Paramecia structures:

! Pellicle – a layer of membrane ! Trichocysts – cylindrical bodies that

discharge a spinelike structure ! Contractile vacuoles – collect excess

water from the cytoplasm and expel it from the cell

How do members of sarcodina move around? ! With the use of a pseudopod

– Pseudopod – a temporary extension of cytoplasm used to surround and envelop food

Amoeba

What other name do apicomplexa go by? ! sporozoans

How do the sporozoans get their food? ! They are parasitic

– Parasitic – they get their nutritional requirements from a host

What disease can be caused by sporozoans? ! malaria

What other name do zoomastigina go by? ! zooflagellates

How do zooflagellates move around? ! Use a flagella

– Flagella – long whiplike projections that protrude from the cell, used for movement

What two diseases can be caused by zooflagellates? ! African sleeping sickness ! American sleeping sickness

19.3 Algae – Plantlike protists

p. 553 - 559

Main idea

! Algae are plantlike, autotrophic protists that are the producers for aquatic ecosystems

What are the light absorbing pigments in algae? ! chlorophyll

Where are the light absorbing pigments found? !  In the chloroplasts

What is a diatom?

! A unicellular algae that have walls made of silica

Diatoms

How do dinoflagellates move around? ! They have two flagella that make them

spin

Dinoflagellates

What is bioluminescence?

! Bioluminescence (or bioluminescent) means they emit light

Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates

What is a algal bloom?

! When dinoflagellates reproduce in great numbers

Algal bloom

What is a red tide?

! A algal bloom of red pigmented dinoflagellates

Red Tide

How do euglena obtain food?

! They are photosynthetic but can also be heterotrophic

Euglena

How do Chrysophytes obtain food? ! They are all photosynthetic, but some

can also be heterotrophic

What is a colony?

! A group of cells that join together to form a close association

Colony of Golden-brown algae

Yellow-green algae

Where can you find brown algae?

! Along rocky coasts in cool areas of the world

Brown Algae

How are green algae and plants similar? ! Contain chlorophyll ! Green ! Have cell walls ! Store food as carbohydrates

Spirogyra

Colony of Volvox

Why can red algae live in deeper water than other algae? ! Their red color allows them to absorb

green, violet,and blue light that can penetrate water to a deeper depth

Red Algae

What are some uses for algae?

What is Alteration of Generations? ! A life cycle of algae that takes two

generations to complete – one that reproduces sexually and one that reproduces asexually.

Alteration of Generations

19.4 Funguslike Protists

p. 561- 565

Main Idea

! Funguslike protists obtain their nutrition by absorbinig nutrients from dead or decaying organisms

How are slime molds and fungus alike? ! They reproduce through spores ! They absorb nutrients from decaying

organic material

How are slime molds and fungus different? ! Fungi have chitin in cell walls ! Slime molds have cellulose

What is plasmodium?

! A mobile mass of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei but no separate cells

How are acelllar slime molds and cellular slime molds different? ! Acellular slime molds form a

plasmodium (many nuclei, but no separate cells)

! Cellular slime molds are amoeba-like cells moving in a mass

What is acrasin?

! When food is scarce, slime mold cells give off this chemical

What does acrasin do?

!  It signals the slime mold cells to all get together, form a fruiting body, and release spores

Where can you find water molds and downy mildew? !  In water or damp places