Chapter 1 Early People and the study of Humans. I. Prehistoric Peoples Anthropology the science...

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Chapter 1Chapter 1

Early People and the study of Humans

I. Prehistoric PeoplesI. Prehistoric Peoples

Anthropology the science that deals with the origins, physical and cultural development, biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs of humankind.

hominids include humans as well as earlier humanlike creatures.

Anthropology the science that deals with the origins, physical and cultural development, biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs of humankind.

hominids include humans as well as earlier humanlike creatures.

I. Prehistoric PeopleI. Prehistoric People

Archaeology the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, and other such remains, esp. those that have been excavated.

objects made and used by hominids

(artifacts)

Archaeology the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, and other such remains, esp. those that have been excavated.

objects made and used by hominids

(artifacts)

I. Prehistoric PeoplesI. Prehistoric Peoples

What is learned from studying artifacts? Culture – set of beliefs, knowledge, and patterns

of living that a group of people develops Educated guesses and use knowledge to draw

conclusions

What is learned from studying artifacts? Culture – set of beliefs, knowledge, and patterns

of living that a group of people develops Educated guesses and use knowledge to draw

conclusions

I. Prehistoric PeoplesI. Prehistoric PeoplesEvidence of human like creatures appeared millions of years

1974 – Donald Johanson In Ethiopia hominid skeletonFound female hominid skeleton dating 3 million yrs

ago named her “Lucy” In Tanzania Mary Leaky found skeleton dating

3.7million yrs Skeleton belonged to a group called the

Australopithecus or “southern ape” walked upright like humans

Evidence of human like creatures appeared millions of years ago.

1974 – Donald Johanson In Ethiopia hominid skeletonFound female hominid skeleton dating 3 million yrs

ago named her “Lucy” In Tanzania Mary Leaky found skeleton dating

3.7million yrs Skeleton belonged to a group called the

Australopithecus or “southern ape” walked upright like humans

Characteristics of a Civilization

Where Were The First Where Were The First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?Where Were The First Where Were The First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?• 1.1. Nile Valley – EgyptNile Valley – Egypt• 2.2. Tigris Euphrates – South West Tigris Euphrates – South West

AsiaAsia• 3.3. Indus Valley – Southern Asia Indus Valley – Southern Asia• 4.4. Huang He [HWANG HOOH] Huang He [HWANG HOOH]

Valley– (yellow river valley) Valley– (yellow river valley) in in Northern ChinaNorthern China

Where Were The First Where Were The First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?Where Were The First Where Were The First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?

Where were the First Where were the First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?Where were the First Where were the First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?

Where were the First Where were the First Civilizations Locate?Civilizations Locate?Where were the First Where were the First Civilizations Locate?Civilizations Locate?

Where were the First Where were the First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?Where were the First Where were the First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?

Five Requirements of Five Requirements of CivilizationsCivilizations

• Surplus FoodSurplus Food• The ability to sustain a The ability to sustain a

civilizationcivilization• Everyone can eatEveryone can eat

• GovernmentGovernment• Some form to control Some form to control

the peoplethe people• No Govt = ChaosNo Govt = Chaos• Theocracy, Democracy,Theocracy, Democracy,

Republic

• Division of Labor• Specialize in jobs• Cultural Diffusion

• Calendar• To predict the

yearly floods of the river valleys

• Silt - Fertile Soil

• Writing• Scribes (trained)

• Hired by government• Used in trade

preserving history pass on information

• Evolution:Pictograms IdeogramsPhonograms Alphabet

Chapter 1 - TAKE-HOME ESSAY QUESTION

List and briefly explain the five characteristics of a civilization. As you write, analyze the list to determine which of these characteristics you find to be the most critical attribute of a civilization. That is, decide which characteristic is the most basic and important one. Be certain to give reasons for your choice.

The Pharos (Lighthouse) The Pharos (Lighthouse) of Alexandriaof Alexandria

The Mausoleum at HalicarnassusThe Mausoleum at Halicarnassus

Colossus of RhodesColossus of Rhodes

Temple of Artemis at Temple of Artemis at EphesusEphesus

Statue of ZeusStatue of Zeus

Hanging Gardens of Hanging Gardens of BabylonBabylon

Pyramids of EgyptPyramids of Egypt

7 Wonders of the Modern World

The Great Wall

of China

Chichen Itza

7 Wonders of the Modern World Statue of Christ

Redeemer

Colosseum

Machu Picchu

Taj Mahal

Chapter 1 Early People and the study of Humans. I. Prehistoric Peoples Anthropology the science...

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