CHAPTER 10

The Byzantine World,284 - 1240

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1. The Foundations of Byzantine Governance

A. Constantine and the Christian Church1. The Arian controversy

B. The Union of Church and State1. Caesaropapism

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2. Early Byzantium: Challenges and Survival

A. Justinian and Theodora1. Justinian2. Theodora3. Codification of Roman law4. Attempts to reunite the empire

B. Byzantine Society1. Constantinople2. City life3. Decline

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2. Early Byzantium: Challenges and Survival (cont’d)

C. Crisis of the Seventh Century1. Plague2. Islamic expansion3. Survival

D. Eastern Christianity’s Culture and Conflicts1. Byzantine religious life2. Doctrinal quarrels3. Iconoclasm4. Rivalry with the Western Church

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3. Foreign Conflicts and Byzantium’s Decline

A. The Arab Conflict1. Early Islamic invasion and territorial losses

B. The Turkish Conquests1. The Seljuk Turk threat2. The Ottoman Turks

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4. Pre-Christian Russia

A. Russia’s Difficult Climate and Terrain1. Geography and Russian development

B. Early Culture and Conflicts1. Southern Russian society2. Sarmatians 3. Ostrogoths4. Khazars5. Eastern Slavs

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5. Kievan Rus Connects to the Byzantine World

A. The First Period: Early Rulers and Campaigns1. Kievan Rus2. Early rulers

B. The Second Period: Connections to Christendom1. Christianization2. Russian Orthodox Christianity3. Byzantine cultural heritage4. Civil war

C. The Third Period: Chaos and Conflict

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5. Kievan Rus Connects to the Byzantine World (cont’d)

D. Economy and Society1. Agriculture2. Commerce3. Byzantine influence

F. The End of Early Russian Civilization1. Nomadic invasions

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