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Chapter 12: Digital Society,Ethics and GlobalizationSucceeding with Technology:
Second Edition
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Objectives
Describe how technology is affecting the definition of community, and list some physical and mental health dangers associated with excessive computer use
Describe the negative and positive impact of technology on freedom of speech, and list forms of speech and expression that are censored on the Web
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Objectives (continued)
Explain the ways in which technology is used to invade personal privacy, and provide examples of laws that protect citizens from privacy invasion
List ethical issues related to digital technology that confront individuals in personal and professional life, businesses, and governments
Explain what globalization is, what forces are behind it, and how it is affecting the United States and other nations
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Living Online
Virtual space An environment that exists in the mind rather than in
physical space People find virtual space
In a daydream In a book In a movie On a cell phone On the Internet
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Computers and Community
Flash mob Group of people who assemble suddenly in a public
place, do something unusual, and then disperse Participants
Given precise instructions on where to meet, how to act, and what to say if questioned
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Health Issues: Keeping a Balance Repetitive stress injury (RSI)
Injury such as tendonitis and tennis elbow, caused by a repetitive motion
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) Aggravation of the pathway for nerves that travel
through the wrist (the carpal tunnel) Typically caused by long hours at the computer
keyboard
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Health Issues: Keeping a Balance (continued) Internet addiction
May exist if people are online for long periods of time Cannot control their online usage Jeopardize their career or family life from excessive
Internet usage Lie to family, friends, and coworkers about
excessive Internet usage Ergonomics
Designing and positioning work environment and computer equipment in a healthy manner
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Freedom of Speech
First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution Guarantees citizens the right to free speech
Internet Used to espouse the views and beliefs of every
religious and political group Web sites
May include points of view that many find offensive and even dangerous
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Challenging the Establishment and Traditional Institutions Bloggers
Are becoming an increasingly important component in journalism
Proliferation of digital cameras and camera phones Has led to many amateur photographers having
their photos published Consumer-generated media (CGM)
Role of the public in capturing and reporting news
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Laws and Censorship
Libel The deliberate act of defamation of character by
making false statements of fact Censorship
Occurs when a government or authority controls speech and other forms of expression
Content-filtering software Works with Web browser to check each Web site for
indecent materials
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Privacy Issues
Being free from intrusion The right to be left alone Freedom from surveillance Control over the information collected and kept
about one’s self
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Personal Information Privacy Much of the information gathered about individuals
Done without their knowledge Internet
Acts as a supercharged tool for invisible information gathering
ChoicePoint collects and combines information from The three big credit bureaus Public records of numerous local, state, and federal
government agencies Telephone records; liens; deeds; and other sources
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Privacy and Government
Privacy Act of 1974 Primary law controlling what many government
agencies can and cannot do with information they hold
PATRIOT Act Gave federal government certain liberties regarding
access to private information and the treatment of suspected terrorists
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Surveillance Technologies
Surveillance The close monitoring of behavior
Wiretap requests Increased by 85 percent in the three years following
the September 11 attacks FBI surveillance
Grew from telephone networks to broadband cable networks in 2004
Extended to VoIP communications in 2005
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Video and Audio Surveillance Video cameras in public places
Are assisting in capturing criminals who may otherwise escape
Chicago Has the most advanced video surveillance system
High-resolution cameras attached to satellites and trained on the earth Are providing us with amazing new mapping
technologies
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GPS and RFID Surveillance
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Are useful, but can be used to invade privacy Are being used to track ex-cons
US privacy laws control who can be monitored Lack of funding limits ability to monitor
Three scenarios Full privacy Full trust Full transparency
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Ethics and Social Responsibility Ethics
Deals with what is generally considered right or wrong
Computer ethics Issues that deal with computer use
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Personal Ethical Considerations Personal computer ethics
The responsible use of computers outside of professional environments
Feeling of social responsibility May guide a computer user to treat others online
with respect A person’s own sense of morality
May keep him/her from becoming involved with Web content that has a negative impact
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Professional Ethical Considerations Associations that have developed a code of ethical
conduct Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility
(CPSR) Association of Information Technology Professionals
(AITP) The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE) The British Computer Society (BCS)
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Governmental Ethical Considerations The digital divide
The social and economic gap between those who have access to computers and the Internet and those who do not
Economic digital divide in the United States Has been shrinking since the turn of the millennium
Global digital divide Provides a greater social and ethical challenge
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Globalization
Changes in societies and the world economy resulting from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange
Largest contributors to globalization Computers A global telecommunication infrastructure The Internet
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Outsourcing
Use of an outside company to take over portions of the business workload
Bangalore Has become known as the Silicon Valley of India Major presence
Microsoft, IBM, Texas Instruments, HP, GE, and many others
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Offshoring
Business practice that relocates an entire production line to another location, typically in another country,
Beijing (China) The global center of offshoring
When China joined the World Trade Organization and agreed to follow international trade laws It opened a floodgate for trade and innovation
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Business Challenges in Globalization Culture Language Time and distance Infrastructure Currency State, regional, and national laws
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Conclusion
Positive effects of technology on society Finding cures for deadly diseases Eroding the power of totalitarian governments and
dictators Developing alternate environmentally friendly
energy source Widespread access to information
Is building a more transparent society
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Summary
The Internet Provides an entire virtual world of information,
people, and groups in which you can literally lose yourself
The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution Guarantees citizens the right to free speech
Libel and direct, specific threats Not protected under the First Amendment
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Summary (continued)
Privacy issues that concern most people Being free from intrusion
Computer profiling Primary service provided by private information
service companies such as ChoicePoint The field of ethics
Deals with what is generally considered right or wrong
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Summary (continued)
Professional computer ethics Involve the ethical issues faced by professionals in
their use of computer systems as part of their jobs Globalization
Changes in societies and the world economy resulting from dramatically increased international trade and cultural exchange