Post on 15-Dec-2015
transcript
Chapter 19
Agents Affecting Blood Clotting
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Blood Clotting
Thromboemboli Cause many deaths per year
Anticoagulants Prevent the formation of coagulants
Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Anticoagulant Agents
Inhibit the formation of clots Heparin
Found in mast cells
Action Inhibit the clotting process
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Heparin
Heparin action Indirectly interferes with the conversion of
prothrombin to thrombin The deficiency of thrombin prevents the
conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin
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Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Heparin
Destroyed if given orally Administered via IV infusion
No intramuscular injections Administered subcutaneously
Longer acting form No intramuscular injections
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Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Heparin: Side Effects
Hemorrhage Allergy Antidote
Protamine sulfate Caution
Do not administer to clients with coagulation disorders
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Low Molecular Weight Anticoagulant
Related to heparin Minor risk for bleeding
Does not affect the action of thrombin in the clotting cascade
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Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Low Molecular Weight Anticoagulant
Example: enoxaparim (Lovenox)
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Copyright 2007 Thomson Delmar Learning, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. All rights reserved.
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Oral Anticoagulants
Warfarin (Coumadin) Inhibits blood clotting by interfering with
the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors
Close client monitoring Dosage is individualized International normalized ratio
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Antiplatelet Agents
Action: inhibit the aggregation of platelets
Treat clients who have had cerebrovascular accidents or myocardial infarctions
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Antiplatelets
Examples Aspirin Abciximab (ReoPro) Clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix)
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Thrombolytic Agents
Action Convert plasminogen to enzyme
fibrinolysin; fibrinolysin dissolves clots Example
Streptokinase (IV) Caution
Hemorrhage