Post on 27-Mar-2015
transcript
Chapter 19Chapter 19
Section 1Section 1
MetalsMetals
Properties of MetalsProperties of Metals
Where do you find metals on the periodic Where do you find metals on the periodic table?table?
Left of the stair step lineLeft of the stair step line
What are main properties of metals?What are main properties of metals?1.1. Good conductors of heatGood conductors of heat
2.2. Good conductor of electricityGood conductor of electricity
3.3. All but Mercury are solid at room temp.All but Mercury are solid at room temp.
Properties of MetalsProperties of Metals Other properties:Other properties:
1.1. Luster:Luster: Reflect lightReflect light
2.2. MalleableMalleable Can be rolled thin into sheetsCan be rolled thin into sheets
3.3. DuctileDuctile Can be drawn into wiresCan be drawn into wires
These properties make metals suitable for use These properties make metals suitable for use in objects like eyeglasses, computers, and in objects like eyeglasses, computers, and buildings. buildings.
Properties of MetalsProperties of Metals
LusterLuster
MalleableMalleable
DuctileDuctile
Ionic BondingIonic Bonding
How many electrons do metals have in How many electrons do metals have in their outer energy level? Hint: If it helps their outer energy level? Hint: If it helps write out the electron configuration!write out the electron configuration!1 to 3 1 to 3
Do metals tend to give up or gain Do metals tend to give up or gain electrons?electrons?Give upGive up
Electron Dot DiagramsElectron Dot Diagrams
Ionic BondingIonic Bonding
When metals combine with nonmetals When metals combine with nonmetals what type of bond forms?what type of bond forms? Ionic bondIonic bond
The metal and the nonmetal are now more The metal and the nonmetal are now more stable as an ionstable as an ion
Take on the electron configuration of the Take on the electron configuration of the nearest noble gasnearest noble gas
Ionic BondingIonic Bonding
Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals
What group are alkali metals in?What group are alkali metals in?Group 1Group 1
They have the same properties as other They have the same properties as other metals! What properties make them metals! What properties make them different?different?Softer than most metalsSofter than most metalsMost reactive!Most reactive!
Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals
Why do you think alkali metals are the Why do you think alkali metals are the most reactive?most reactive?They have only 1 electron to give up to They have only 1 electron to give up to
become stable!become stable!
Since they are so reactive they don’t occur Since they are so reactive they don’t occur in nature in their element formin nature in their element form
Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals
When an alkali metal reacts with a When an alkali metal reacts with a nonmetal does it have a + or – charge?nonmetal does it have a + or – charge?+ charge+ charge It has to gain an electron back to get its It has to gain an electron back to get its
original electron configuration backoriginal electron configuration back
Uses of Alkali MetalsUses of Alkali Metals
We need potassium and sodium We need potassium and sodium compounds to stay healthycompounds to stay healthy
Lithium keeps chemicals important to Lithium keeps chemicals important to mental healthy within a narrow rangemental healthy within a narrow range
Francium is rare and radioactiveFrancium is rare and radioactiveRadioactive: Nucleus breaks down and gives Radioactive: Nucleus breaks down and gives
off particles and energyoff particles and energy
Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals
Which group are the alkaline earth metals Which group are the alkaline earth metals in?in?Group 2Group 2
Same properties as other metalsSame properties as other metals
Combine easily with other metals so they Combine easily with other metals so they are not found free in natureare not found free in nature
Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals
How many electrons are in the outer How many electrons are in the outer energy level?energy level?2 electrons2 electronsThey combine with nonmetals and lose 2 They combine with nonmetals and lose 2
electronselectrons+2 charge+2 charge
Alkaline Earth Metals and Alkaline Earth Metals and FireworksFireworks
Magnesium is used to produce the white color in Magnesium is used to produce the white color in fireworksfireworks
Strontium compounds produce the red Strontium compounds produce the red
Magnesium is also used in cars, planes, Magnesium is also used in cars, planes, spacecraft, ladders, and bats.spacecraft, ladders, and bats.
Chlorophyll is a magnesium compound that Chlorophyll is a magnesium compound that plants needplants need
Alkaline Earth Metals and Your Alkaline Earth Metals and Your BodyBody
Calcium phosphate makes your bones Calcium phosphate makes your bones strongstrong
Barium sulfate is used to diagnose Barium sulfate is used to diagnose digestive problems because it absorbs x-digestive problems because it absorbs x-ray radiationray radiation
Radium was once used to treat cancerRadium was once used to treat cancer
Transition ElementsTransition Elements
Transition metals are what we think of as Transition metals are what we think of as being actual metals.being actual metals. Iron, cobalt, and nickelIron, cobalt, and nickel
Occur in nature as uncombined elementsOccur in nature as uncombined elements
Iron TriadIron Triad
What three transition metals make up the What three transition metals make up the iron triad?iron triad? Iron, cobalt, and nickelIron, cobalt, and nickel
All 3 are used in the process to create All 3 are used in the process to create steel and other metal mixturessteel and other metal mixtures
Iron TriadIron Triad
Iron is the most widely used of all metals Iron is the most widely used of all metals Main component of steelMain component of steel
22ndnd most abundant element in Earth’s crust most abundant element in Earth’s crust
Nickel is added to some metals to give Nickel is added to some metals to give them strengththem strengthAlso used to give a shiny, protective coating Also used to give a shiny, protective coating
to other metalsto other metals
Copper, Silver, and GoldCopper, Silver, and Gold
All 3 were once used to make coinsAll 3 were once used to make coins
Silver and gold are so expensive they are Silver and gold are so expensive they are rarely used in coins anymorerarely used in coins anymoreGold stopped in 1993Gold stopped in 1993Silver in 1964Silver in 1964Coins today are mostly nickel and copperCoins today are mostly nickel and copper
Copper, Silver, and GoldCopper, Silver, and Gold
Today they are used in:Today they are used in:Copper: electrical wiringCopper: electrical wiring
Silver compounds: when exposed to light they Silver compounds: when exposed to light they break down and create an image – used for break down and create an image – used for photographs and moviesphotographs and movies
Silver and gold: JewelrySilver and gold: Jewelry
Zinc, Cadmium, and MercuryZinc, Cadmium, and Mercury
All three are found in Group 12All three are found in Group 12 Zinc: used to coat other metals because of its Zinc: used to coat other metals because of its
protective qualityprotective quality
Cadmium: Rechargeable batteriesCadmium: Rechargeable batteries
Mercury: Used in thermometers, thermostats, Mercury: Used in thermometers, thermostats, switches, and batteries.switches, and batteries.
Only metal that is liquid at room temperatureOnly metal that is liquid at room temperature Poisonous and can accumulate in the bodyPoisonous and can accumulate in the body People have died of mercury poisoning after eating fish in People have died of mercury poisoning after eating fish in
mercury contaminated watermercury contaminated water
Inner Transition MetalsInner Transition Metals
What are the two groups called?What are the two groups called?LanthanidesLanthanidesActinidesActinides
ActinidesActinidesAll are radioactive and unstableAll are radioactive and unstable
Metals in Earth’s CrustMetals in Earth’s Crust
Earth’s crust contains many compounds Earth’s crust contains many compounds and a few uncombined metals like gold and a few uncombined metals like gold and copperand copper
Metals must be mined and separated from Metals must be mined and separated from their orestheir oresMost of our chromium is imported from S. Most of our chromium is imported from S.
Africa, Turkey, and the Philippines. It is used Africa, Turkey, and the Philippines. It is used to harden steelto harden steel
OresOres
Ore:Ore:Metal in Earth’s crust that combine with other Metal in Earth’s crust that combine with other
elementselementsMost are a mixture of a metal compound, or Most are a mixture of a metal compound, or
mineral, within a mixture of clay or rockmineral, within a mixture of clay or rockAfter an ore is mined it is the rock is After an ore is mined it is the rock is
separated from the mineralseparated from the mineralThen the mineral is converted to another Then the mineral is converted to another
physical formphysical formThen the metal is refined to its pure formThen the metal is refined to its pure form