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Chapter 2Theory and Practice:
Foundations for Effective Technology Integration
© 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
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M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.2
Ingredients for Successful Technology Integration
1. Foundation of learning theories2. Technology pedagogical content
knowledge (TPACK)3. Technology Integration Planning Model
(TIP)4. Essential conditions for integration
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.3
Integrated
Directed Constructivist
Learning Theories as Basis for Integration Models
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.8
Technology Integration Strategies Based on Each Model
Directed Models
remedy identified weakness or skill deficits
promote fluency or automaticity of prerequisite
provide efficient, self-paced instruction
support self-paced review of concepts
Constructivist Models
foster creative problem solving and metacognition
build mental models and increase knowledge transfer
foster group cooperation
allow for multiple intelligences
Both
generate motivation to learn
optimize scare personnel and material resources
remove logistical hurdles to learning
develop information literacy and visual literacy skills
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.9
Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Model (TPACK)
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.10
Technology Integration Planning (TIP)
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.11
Technology Integration Planning (TIP)
Phase 1 Reflect on technological pedagogical content
knowledge (TPACK) Self-assess knowledge domains
– What is my knowledge of technology (TK)?– What is my knowledge of pedagogy (PK)?– What is my knowledge of content (CK)?– Where do I see myself in the TPACK model?
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.12
Technology Integration Planning (TIP)
Phase 2 Determine relative advantage Why should I use a technology-based method?
– What is the instructional problem I am addressing?– Do technology-based methods offer a solution with
sufficient relative advantage?
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.13
Technology Integration Planning (TIP)
Phase 3 Decide on objectives and assessments How will I know students have learned?
– What outcomes do I expect from using new methods?– What are the best ways of assessing these outcomes?
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.14
Technology Integration Planning (TIP)
Phase 4 Design integration strategies What teaching strategies and activities will work
best?– What kinds of instructional methods are needed?– How can technology best support these methods?– How can I prepare students adequately to use
technologies?
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.15
Technology Integration Planning (TIP)
Phase 5 Prepare the instructional environment Are essential conditions in place to support
technology integration?– What equipment, software, media, and materials will I
need to carry out instructional strategies?– How should resources be arranged to support instruction
and learning?– What planning is required to make sure technology
resources work well?
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.16
Technology Integration Planning (TIP)
Phase 6 Evaluate and revise integration strategies What worked well? What could be improved?
– How well has the technology integration strategy worked?
– What could be improved to make it work better?
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.18
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Shared Vision for Technology Integration Coordinated school and district planning, and
involve teachers and other personnel at all levels Budget yearly amounts for technology purchases
and make funding incremental Emphasize teacher training Match technology to curriculum needs Keep current and build in flexibility
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.19
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Empowered Leaders Systematic success with technology requires
involvement of entire community Stakeholders at all levels are informed about the
goals of the community, district and school
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.20
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Standards and Curriculum Support Technology and content-area standards support
each other NETS for Students situated to:
– Support both subject-area content and technology skills– Align with a shared vision to achieve goals
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.21
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Required Policies Internet use policies
– Acceptable Use Policy (AUP)
Legal/ethical use policies Policies to insure equity Financial assistance, incentives, and
accountability policies
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.22
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Access to Hardware, Software, & Other Resources Finding funding Purchasing hardware and software Setting up and maintaining physical facilities Sustainability
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.23
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Skilled Personnel and Opportunities for PD Hands-on, integration emphasis Training over time Modeling, mentoring, and coaching Post-training access
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.24
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Technical Assistance Teachers trained in troubleshooting procedures Teachers not expected to address complicated
diagnostic and maintenance problems Schools must support teachers by replacing and
repairing equipment
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.25
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Appropriate Teaching and Assessment Approaches Teachers should be encouraged to use a variety
of technology integration models Teaching strategies must be matched with
appropriate assessment strategies
M. D. Roblyer & Aaron H. Doering Integrating Educational Technology into Teaching, 5/ECopyright ©2010 by Pearson Education, Inc.All rights reserved. 2.26
Essential Conditions for Technology Integration
Engaged Communities Partnerships are encouraged between schools,
business, corporations and individuals Partnerships typically benefit all partners