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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fundamentals of
Anatomy & PhysiologySIXTH EDITION
Frederic H
. Martini
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii
Chapter 22, part 1
The Lymphatic System and Immunity
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Learning Objectives
• Describe the structure and function of lymphatic cells, tissues and organs
• List the body’s nonspecific defenses and describe the components and mechanisms of each
• Define specific resistance and distinguish between cell-mediated immunity and antibody mediated immunity
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Learning Objectives
• Discuss the role of the T cell, B cell and antibodies in specific immunity
• Describe the origin, development, activation and regulation of normal resistance to disease
• Discuss the effects of stress and aging on the immune system
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
SECTION 22-1 An Overview of the Lymphatic System and Immunity
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• The lymphatic system
• Contains cells, tissues, and organs responsible for defending the body
• Lymphocytes resist infection and disease by responding to
• Invading pathogens such as bacteria or viruses
• Abnormal body cells such as cancer cells
• Foreign proteins such as toxins
lymphatic system
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.1
Figure 22.1 The Components of the Lymphatic System
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SECTION 22-2 Organization of the Lymphatic System
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• Lymph
• Lymphatic vessels
• Lymphoid tissues and organs
• Lymphocytes and supporting phagocytic cells
The lymphatic system consists of
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• Primary function is production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes
• Lymphocytes must:
• Detect where problems exist
• Be able to reach the site of injury or infection
Functions of lymphatic system
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• Lymphatic capillaries
• Small lymphatic vessels
• Major lymph-collecting vessels
Lymphatic vessels include
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Figure 22.2 Lymphatic Capillaries
Figure 22.2a, b
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Figure 22.3 Lymphatic Vessels and Valves
Figure 22.3a, b
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• Superficial and deep lymphatics
• Thoracic duct
• Cisterna chyli
• Right lymphatic duct
Major lymph-collecting vessels
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Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System
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Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.4c
Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
• Three classes of lymphocytes
• T (thymus dependent) cells
• B (bone marrow-derived) cells
• NK (natural killer) cells
Lymphocytes
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• Involves bone marrow, thymus, and peripheral lymphoid tissue
• B cells and NK cells mature in bone marrow
• T cells mature in the thymus
Lymphocyte production (lymphopoiesis)
Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.5a-c
Figure 22.5 The Derivation and Distribution of Lymphocytes
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• Connective tissue dominated by lymphocytes
• Lymphoid nodules
• Lymphocytes densely packed in areolar tissue
• Found in the respiratory, digestive, and urinary tracts
• MALT (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue)
• Collection of lymphoid tissues linked with the digestive system
Lymphoid tissue
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Figure 22.6 Lymphoid Nodules
Figure 22.6
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• Lymph nodes – function in the purification of lymph
• Afferent lymphatics – carry lymph to nodes
• Efferent lymphatics – carry lymph from nodes
• Deep cortex dominated by T cells
• Outer cortex and medulla contains B cells
Lymphoid organs