Chapter 22

The Lymph System

Lymphatic System

Lymphangiogram

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Lymphatic words

• Lymphangiogram

• Lacteals vessels around small intestines

• Chyle – lymph fluid around small intestines with fat globules in it.

• Thoracic duct

• Right lymphatic duct

• Cisterna chyle-

• Nodes

Lymphatic organs

• Nodes

• Spleen

• Thymus

• Tonsils

• Peyer’s patches – patches of lymph tissue along the wall of the ileum

• Mucosa associated lymphatic tissue

Structure of spleen

Development of lymph

Invaders

• Bacteria

• Viruses

• Fungi

• Foreign objects

• Cancer cells

Non-Specific Resistance• Skin and mucous membranes• Tears, sweat, oil, urine, vomiting, saliva, etc.• Sebum, lysozymes, gastric acid.• Interferon – blocks viral implantation• Complement - proteins• Transferrins – reduce iron available to bacteria• N-K cells and Phagocytes• Inflammation• Fever• Perforins – poke holes in cells• Cytokines – protein chemical messengers

Edward Jenner

Created the first

Immunization

The disease: smallpox

Specific ResistanceLymphocytes

• Cellular (cell-mediated) immunity via T-Cells. Attack fungi, parasites, viruses, cancer cells and foreign tissue

• Humoral defense (antibody mediated) with B-cells. B-cells become plasma cells, leave the nodes and produce antibodies (Ig’s). Attack bacteria and viruses.

• Both systems have memory cells

Antibodies

Antibodies• IgG – attacks bacteria and viruses;

triggers complement.

• IgA – localized protection against bacteria and viruses.

• IgM – Activates complement, causes agglutination and lysis, works in ABO.

• IgD – involved in activation of B cells

• IgE – involved in allergic and hypersensitivity, also protection against worms.

Lymph Diseases

AIDS / HIV• Origin of infection in the U.S.• Method of viral attack• Retroviruses• Delayed symptoms• Where did the virus come from?• Who is at risk?• Treatment / cure???• Are there other viruses?

Words to Learn

• Eczema

• Immunization

• Septic shock

• Systemic lupus

• Hypersensitivity

• Anaphylactic reaction

• Autoimmune disease

More Words• Lymphoma and Hodgkins

• Allograft

• Autograft

• Gamma globulin

• Lymphadenopathy

• Splenomegaly

• Xenograft

• Interleukin

• Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)