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CHAPTER 26 Section 1 - The
Road to War
Dictators They control
by force and fear
Not the U.S. Hitler and
Mussolini
Adolf Hitler Came to
power in the 1920’s
Fought in WWI
Led Germany into WWII
Benito Mussolini Italian
Dictator Believed that
Italy had been mistreated in the
Treaty of Versailles
El-Duce
Fascism Extreme
nationalism and racism
Fascist Party Led by
Mussolini in Italy
Forced the King to declare Mussolini the head of the new government
Annexation To take over
a country by force
Ethiopia An African
Nation that was taken over by Italy
Albania Annexed by
Italy in 1939 After Italy
annexed Ethiopia it took Albania
Germany Suffered from
the Great Depression
Was still mad about the Treaty of Versailles
Allied with Italy in 1936
National Socialist German Workers Party Led by
Hitler “The Nazi
Party”
Nazi Party Openly racist Believed that
all Germans were superior to all other people
Jews In the Bible- the
Jews were the descendants of Abraham
Moses led the Jews out of Egypt to escape Pharaoh
Anti-Semitism Hatred of all
Jews The idea that
Jews are beneath all other races
Totalitarian Rule A ruler who
controls everything
They do not have to answer to anyone
Totalitarian State Where a
single party and its leader control everyone and everything
Japan Also suffered
from the Great Depression
Dictators rose to power
They started flexing their muscles in Asia
Manchuria Was attacked by Japan in 1936
Axis Powers The Bad
Guys Germany Italy Japan
Joseph Stalin Ruled the
Soviet Union Ruled by
force and fear
American Neutrality Stay out of
the war We were in
bad enough shape already
Why did we stay Neutral? Most of
Europe still owed us money from WWI
We were still suffering from the Depression also
Germany Started “it” Rhineland Austria Sudetenland
The Rhineland The land
west of the Rhine River
Was established as a neutral zone
Austria Hitler insisted
that Germany be unified with Austria
They speak German
It was annexed in 1938
The Sudetenland An area in
Czechoslovakia where German speaking people lived
Munich Conference Britain and
France give in Hitler
promised not to take annex any more land
Appeasement Giving in
to demands
Hitler Takes Over He sends
all non Germans into Captivity
Weakness Hitler took
advantage of this appeasement and took over the rest of Czechoslovakia
Poland Hitler was
worried about making Stalin mad because it was so close to Russia
Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
Allowed Hitler to use Poland without fear of Soviet aggression
This shocked and scared the world
Hitler enters Poland Britain and
The Soviet Union declares war on Germany
German “Blitzkrieg” Lightning War
Swift and fierce
Poland does the Splits Germany
and The Soviet Union split Poland
Baltic Republics Territories along the Baltic Sea
Finland Taken over the Soviets in 1940
Front The front line in a war zone
Maginot Line A string of
steel and concrete bunkers along the German border from Switzerland to Belgium
Expansion Hitler took Denmark Norway The
Netherlands and Belgium
Allies Great Britain
and France Soon, the
U.S. and the Soviet Union
Dunkirk A port on
the English Channel in Northern France
The English Channel Narrow
strip of ocean between England and Europe
The Somme River Bordered France and the German front line
Axis Powers Germany Italy Japan
The Battle of Britain Britain
was the only thing Hitler didn’t have yet
London was destroyed
London is the capital of Great Britain
Winston Churchill The Prime Minister of Great Britain
R.A.F. British
Royal Air Force
Stopped the German air attacks
Germany Turns East Hitler
wanted to destroy the Soviet Union
He hated communist almost as much as Jews
The Soviets Join the Allies
The Soviet union had to join the Allies in order to survive
America and the War America
sympathized with the Allies
We still didn’t join in the war
America First Committee
The group of people who advised the U.S. to stay out of the war
Roosevelt Prepares for War
The navy was built up
We started selling weapons to the Allies
Selective Service and Training Act
The first Peace-Time Draft in history
Applied to American men between the ages of 21 and 35
The 1940 Election Roosevelt
runs for a 3rd term as President
Roosevelt promised to stay out of the war
Blue is F.D.R.
The U.S. gets more involved
Congress approves the Lend-Lease Act
Lend-Lease Act The U.S. could
supply weapons to anyone attacked by the Axis Powers
Germany shoots at the U.S
We were escorting our supplies into the war zone
Germany shot at us
We started shooting back
The Atlantic Charter Secured
our effort to escort our ships into the War Zone
Fear and Want Being a
scaredy cat
Being Afraid
Disarmament Giving up military weapons
Indochina Japan figured if
Germany was taking over places
They could too
The U.S. responds We froze all
Japanese assets in the U.S.
We stopped selling oil, gas, and other things that Japan needed to survive
Fumimaro Konoye The Japanese
Prime minister that resigned
He didn’t believe that Japan could defeat the U.S.
Hideki Tojo Japan’s new Prime Minister
Attack on Pearl Harbor 7:55 am Sunday
Morning December
7th, 1941
Awakened a Sleeping Giant
Hundreds of planes were destroyed
Ships were sank Lives were lostJapan just
messed Up
Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan
The U.S. Joins the War We joined
the allies The Axis
Powers declare war on the U.S. on December 11th
U.S.S. Arizona Sunk by the
Japanese Became a
museum in Pearle Harbor
Section 3 The Home Front
Military Build Up 15 million
men joined the armed forces
250,000 women joined also
W.A.C. Women’s Army Corp
W.A.S.P Women
Airforce Service Pilots
W.A.V.E.S. Women
Appointed for Volunteer Emergency Services in the Navy
They were nurses, and secretaries
Mobilization Military and
civilian preparations for war
War Production Board Supervised
to conversion of industries to war production
Office of Price Administration
Set limits on prices and rent for housing
National War Labor Board
Helped resolve labor disputes that slowed down production
Financing the War The U.S.
spent 10 times the amount of WWI
320 billion dollars
Revenue Act of 1942 Raised
corporate taxes and made all Americans to pay income taxes
War Bonds Allowed
people to invest in the War effort
Wartime America Factories
produced 70,000 ships
100,000 tanks Millions of
gunsThe assembly
line sped this process up
The War Helps People could
find jobs Income rose Spending
increased
Shortages With
supplies going to the War effort
People couldn’t get certain unnecessary things
Rationed When goods
are limited to a few per person
Victory Gardens Save
money by growing your own veggies
Civil Defense Protect
America Coastal cities
turned off the lights at night to prevent attacks
Office of War Information Promoted
patriotism Kept people
involved in the war effort
Broadcast war updates on the radio and T.V.
Women and Minorities Women took
the jobs of men
They were usually paid less than men
Rosie the Riveter Slogan
promoting women in the workforce
African Americans 1 million
served in the armed forces
The Armed Forces were integrated in 1948
Tuskegee Airmen The 332nd
Fighter Group
African American Pilots trained in Tuskegee Alabama
Ben Davis Jr. First African
American General in the U.S. Air Force
His father was the first African American General in the Army
A. Phillip Randolph Demanded
an end to discrimination in the defense industry
The Population Shift African
Americans left the south to go north in search of work
Native Americans Weren’t
treated nearly as bad a African Americans
But they weren’t welcome in a fox hole either
Ira Hayes Was present
when the flag was raised on Mount Sura Bache on the Island of Iwo Jima
He was an American Indian
Code Talkers In order to keep
radio messages a secret
Navajo Indians were recruited to send radio messages from the front lines
The Japanese couldn’t figure out what language it was
Bracero Program Recruited
workers from Mexico
Japanese Americans Nisei –
citizens by birth
Most Americans persecuted the Japanese because of Pearl Harbor
Internment Camps Places where
the Japanese were relocated so that they could be watched for the next 3 years
They might have been spies
The U.S. Apology In 1988,
each survivor got an apology and
$ 20,000.00
Ch. 26 – Section 4 Section 4 We’re
Gonna Attack
The U.S. Enters The War January 1st,
1942 The U.S.
declares war We joined
the Allied Powers
Allied Leaders Roosevelt Churchill Stalin
Axis Powers Hitler Mussolini Tojo
North Africa Where the
Allies attacked first
Erwin Rommel The Desert
Fox Nazi tank
commander in North Africa
Suez Canal connects the
Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea
It is between Egypt and Saudi Arabia
Dwight D. Eisenhower Commander
of Allied troops in Africa
George S. Patton American
General that ran Rommel out of North Africa
He carried a revolver with an Ivory handle
He was called a cowboy
Sicily Patton’s
next stop It is an
island off the coast of Italy
They overthrew Mussolini
Mussolini Overthrown
by his own people
He was thrown off a building with a rope around his neck
Monte Casino The Italian
monastery in the middle of Italy
Anzio The fight before the Allies
took Rome
Rome The Capital
of Italy It was
liberated in June 1944
The Tide Turns The Soviets
had been the main fighting force so far
Blows from 3 sides will speed victory
Leningrad The
Germans starved the Soviets out
And still lost
Lets Defend Lenin’s City
Stalingrad Germany
does the same thing to them
Invasion Preparation If we’re
going, we’d better get ready
Operation “Overlord” The Allies
helped plan the invasion
They watched the coast
The Invasion Gold Sword Juno Omaha Utah
The Radio Address Everyone listened to the radio They wanted to know how it was
going
Paratroopers Flew in on
Gliders Dropped in by
parachute They dropped
decoys first These dolls
hit the ground and popped like fireworks
General Omar Bradley Commande
d the D-Day Invasion
D-Day June 6th,
1944 The Allied
Troops attack
Normandy in France
Land Mines Burried in the
sand They pop up,
and explode
Paris Liberated on
August 25th, 1944
Germany had controlled France but not anymore
Battle of the Bulge The German
army drove the Allies into a deep pocket
The Allies held them off and defeated the last major attack
Berlin The soviet
troops surrounded Berlin
Berlin is the capital of Germany
Victory in Europe Germany
couldn’t fight on two fronts
We Win They have to
walk home
V-E Day Victory in
Europe Day May 8th,
1945
Death of a President Roosevelt
suffered from Polio
He died in Warm Springs, Georgia
April 12th, 1945
Harry S. Truman Roosevelt’
s Vice President
He takes office
The Holocaust The Final
Solution The
extermination of all of the Jews in Europe
Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS
Genocide Wiping out an
entire race of people
The Jews were murdered and then burned so that no one could prove what happened
Concentration Camps Prison Camps
Death Camps
Slave Labor Jews
produced Bombs Tanks Ect……
The Sign Says : Work Sets You Free
Auswitz A death
camp in Poland where 4 million Jews were killed here alone
Where will the Jews go? They want
to come to America
We aren’t happy
Total 6 million
Jews Hitler also
exterminated Gypsies, Communists, and Handicapped peoples
Remembrance The
Holocaust Museum
The WWII Memorial
Section 5 War in the Pacific
Sphere of Influence When
everything inside the sphere is controlled by one country
The Pacific Front Pearl
Harbor Wake
Island Guam
The Philippines The
Japanese had taken over several islands in the Pacific
Douglas MacArthur Commander
of American Troops in the Pacific
Most decorated WWI Soldier
Audi Murphy Most
decorated soldier in WWII
I’ll be Back MacArthur
promises the Pilipino rebels that he’ll return
MacArthur and Nimitz General
MacArthur F.D.R. Admiral
Nimitz
Bataan Small
island west of Manila
Corregidor A small island fortress
The Philippines Fall We
surrendered
Bataan Death March 22,000
soldiers died as the Japanese made them march from Bataan to a camp 60 miles away
Tokyo The city in
Japan bombed during the Doolittle Raids
Doolittle Raids Bombing
raids on Tokyo
Led by James Doolittle
Coral Sea Stopped
the Japanese from invading Australia
Midway Island 1st major
Japanese loss
Ensign. George Gay
Watched the Battle of Midway from the ocean
Island Hopping Skipping
one island and attacking another one will confuse the Japanese
Japanese Balloon Bombs The Japanese
had designed balloons that would drift over the U.S. and drop bombs
Guadalcanal
Battle of Leyte Gulf The largest Naval Battle in History US
8 fleet carriers8 light carriers18 escort carriers12 battleships24 cruisers141 destroyers and destroyer escortsMany PT boats, submarines, and fleet auxiliariesAbout 1,500 planesLosses for US1,500+ dead1 light aircraft carrier2 escort carriers2 destroyers1 destroyer escort sunk
Japan1 fleet carrier3 light carriers9 battleships14 heavy cruisers6 light cruisers35+ destroyers300+ planes Japan losses10,000+ dead;1 fleet carrier3 light carriers3 battleships8 cruisers,12 destroyers sunk
U.S.S. Indianapolis Only 317
men survived
880 Were Killed
USS Indianapolis Sank at
Coral Sea Crew was
eaten by SHARKS
Iwo Jima WWII Memorial
Mount Suribachi – Iwo Jima 23,000 troops 11 miles of tunnels
Kamikazes Flying
planes into targets in order to inflict more damage
Albert Einstein Was a
Physicist
Manhattan Project Secret plan
to build the Atomic Bomb
Los-Alamos New Mexico
Potsdam Declaration Warned
Japan to surrender
When they Refused
We Drop a little boy on them
Japan refused to surrender
Fat Man and Little Boy
From the Enola Gay
The Atomic Bomb Dropped on
Hiroshima August 6th
1945 Killed
70,000
Hiroshima 135,000
dead from the bomb itself
Radiation Killed 90,000 to 140,000
Nagasaki Three Days
Later Killed 40,000
from the bomb
25,000 more from radiation
V-J Day August
15th, 1945 Japan
Surrenders Victory
over Japan
The USS Missouri Japan
surrenders WWII is
over
40 million That’s how
many people died during WWII
Costs of War The Soviets
lost the most due to destruction
Germany gives up lots of territory
Nuremburg Trials Where Nazi
officials were put on trial for War Crimes against Humanity
The End of WWII