Post on 04-Jan-2016
transcript
Chapter 26Section 1
Queen Victoria Suffrage Chartist movement Third Republic Dreyfuss affair Anti-Semitism Zionism
Growing prosperity of the working and middles classes led to demand for goods
1800 landowning aristocrats made up Parliament
Some industrial cities had no representation
Britain wealthy male property owners could vote
Catholics and Jews could hold political office
House of Commons not paid so only wealthy served
British liberals were challenging the old order
People demanded greater political participation
Reform Act of 1832 gave representation in Parliament
• Gave the vote to the middle class
• Increased eligible voters by 50%
• Reduced power of the aristocracy
• Only men with a certain amount of property could vote
• Prevented many working class from voting
• Investigate treatment of children in factories– Harmful conditions– Mistreatment– Long hours– Low wages
• Passed the Factory Act of 1833
• Teenagers could not work more than 12 hours
• Children 9-13 had to receive two hours of school
1833 Parliament abolished slavery
Government would compensate slave owners
Passed public health and crime laws to improve living conditions
1839 Chartists demanded voting rights for all
men Secret ballot Annual elections Pay representatives
in parliament Secret ballot
prevented intimidation during voting
Parliament rejected their ideas
Turned down the People’s Charter
By the end of the 1800’s many of their reforms had been passed
1837 Queen Victoria Reign lasted to 1901
longest in British history
Became more democratic during her reign
Government was run primarily by Prime Minister and the Cabinet
• Benjamin Disraeli- Prime Minister, member of Conservative party
• Slow to accept reforms• Wanted to preserve
the past• Gladstone was a liberal• More progressive to
solving society’s problems
Disraeli put forth a new reform bill
1867 one out of every three men could vote
Another bill created the secret ballot
1885 Gladstone pushed a reform bill that extended voting rights even further
Suffrage- the right to vote
Women’s rights were raised during the Enlightenment
1800’s women not equals Could not own
property Not considered
legal guardians of their children
Queen Victoria against women’s right to vote
“Mad, wicked folly.” 1886 Disraeli
argued for women’s right to vote
Said if a women could be queen or own land they should be able to vote
Millicent Garrett Fawcett -lobbied members of
Parliament Signed petitions Educated the public
Emmeline Pankhurst Founded Women’s
Social and Political Union
“You have to make more noise than everyone else”
1918 Parliament grants the right to vote
Women over the age of 30
1928 women have the same voting rights as men
The Third Republic lasted for 60 years
France averaged one government per year
Dozen political parties lobbied for power
1875 National Assembly votes to set up the republic
Controversial court case
1894 Alfred Dreyfus French captain falsely accused of betraying secrets to Germany
Knew he was not guilty
Held a military ceremony to humiliate him
Crowd chanted “kill him”
Evidence suggests another officer was guilty
Second officer was not Jewish
Dreyfus cleared in 1906
Divided people in France
Emile Zola-French writer came to his defense
“J’accuse” letter accused the French government of anti-Semitism
Led French courts to reopen the case
Letter set off anti-Semitic riots in 50 towns
Important affect on Jewish nationalism
Theodor Herzl-Hungarian born-Jewish journalist who covered the story
Shocked by the anti-Semitism in France
Root of the problem is that Jews did not have a country in Europe
1896 published The Jewish State
Outlined plan for an independent Jewish country
Zionism-Jewish nationalist movement to create a Jewish state in their original homeland
1900’s number of Jewish people returned to their original homeland
Russians organized pogroms of violence against the Jews
1880’s Jews fled Eastern Europe
Many headed for the United States
Jews wanted a homeland in Palestine