Post on 01-Jan-2016
transcript
Chapter 29 Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
ELECTION OF 1912 WOODROW WILSON
DEMOCRATS Background:
Progressive Governor of New Jersey
President of Princeton University
Reformer , Idealist , Elitist? stubborn when believed
was correct
ELECTION OF 1912: DEMOCRATS
Woodrow Wilson Platform: “New
Freedom” Anti-Trust Legislation Banking reform Tariff reductions Shunned social-
welfare proposals
ELECTION OF 1912: PROGRESSIVES OR “BULL MOOSERS”
Theodore Roosevelt Platform: “New
Nationalism” Trusts and Labor
unions controlled by regulatory agencies
Program of social welfare
Women’s suffrage Minimum wage Social insurance
ELECTION OF 1912: REPUBLICANS
William H. Taft Platform:
To continue moderate Progressivism
ELECTION OF 1912: RESULTS
Winner: Woodrow Wilson Wilson was a “minority”
President…no “mandate” from the people Why?
Taft and Roosevelt split the vote Taft became Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court Socialist Debs got almost a
million votes
“TRIPLE WALL OF PRIVILEGE”
“Triple Wall” Wilson wanted to attack:• The Tariff• The Banks• The Trusts
Underwood Tariff• Substantially reduced the tariff rates
The 16th Amendment• Graduated Income Tax
RESEARCHING BANKING REFORM The nation’s financial
structure, as created under the Civil War National Banking Act had proven to be glaringly ineffective, as shown by the Panic of 1907, so Wilson had Congress authorize aninvestigation to fix this.
The investigation, headed by Senator Aldrich, in effect recommended a third Bank of the United States.
Democrats heeded the findings of a House committee chaired byCongressman Arsene Pujo, which traced the tentacles of the “money monster” into the hidden vaults of American banking and business.
Louis D Brandeis’s Other People’s Money and How theBankers Use It (1914) furthermore showed the problems of Americanfinances at the time.
THE FEDERAL RESERVE ACT
Created Federal Reserve Board 12 regional banks
that issued Federal Reserve notes
Allowed for flexible money system
THE FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION ACT
Presidential Commission examined interstate commerce laws
Root out unfair trade practices , such as false advertising and bribery
Root out unlawful competition
CLAYTON ANTI-TRUST ACT OF 1914
Outlawed interlocking directories and pure discrimination
“Magna Carta” of the labor movement• Exempted labor
unions from Anti-Trust laws (as had been called by Supreme Court’s interpretation of Sherman Act)
• Legalized strikes and peaceful picketing
WILSONIAN PROGRESSIVE ACTS
Federal Farm Loan Act Federal Government credit for farmers at low
interest rates Warehouse Act of 1916
Government loans on the security of staple crops La Follette Seaman’s Act of 1915
Living wage for merchant ships Workingman’s Compensation Act of 1916
Disability insurance for civil service employees Adamson Act
8 hour work day for federal employees
“BLACK PROGRESSIVISM”/ LOUIS BRANDEIS Wilson did not do
well with “Black Progressivism” He was born in the
South Louis Brandeis
First Jewish Supreme Court Justice
NEW DIRECTIONS IN FOREIGN POLICY
Wilson did not embrace the “Dollar Diplomacy” and “Big Stick”
Jones Act• Made Philippines a
territory, promoted independence as soon as Philippines had stable government, July 4th 1946
Wilson did not embrace the “Dollar Diplomacy” and “Big Stick”
Jones Act• Made Philippines a
territory, promoted independence as soon as Philippines had stable government, July 4th 1946
WILSON DID ACT AS AN “AGGRESSOR” A COUPLE OF TIMES
When California banned Japanese ownership of land, Wilson sent Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan to plead with legislators and tensions cooled.
When disorder broke out in Haiti in 1915, Wilson sent American Marines, and in 1916, he sent Marines to quell violence in the Dominican Republic.
In 1917, Wilson bought the Virgin Islands from Denmark.
In 1913 Mexican rebels overthrew a government friendly to the United States and placed Victoriano Huerta and Carranza and Pancho Villa in positions of power in Mexico. President Wilson refused to recognize the new Mexican government.
In 1913 Mexican rebels overthrew a government friendly to the United States and placed Victoriano Huerta and Carranza and Pancho Villa in positions of power in Mexico. President Wilson refused to recognize the new Mexican government.
Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico
Wilson ordered Marines to take Vera Cruz becauseMexicans affronted Americans. Carranza and Huerto protested bitterly. It was finally mediated by the A.B.C. Powers. Shortly after Huerto collapsed and was replaced by Carranza whom President Wilson reluctantly supported.
Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico
MORALISTIC DIPLOMACY IN MEXICO Meanwhile, “Pancho”
Villa, combination bandit/freedomfighter, murdered 16 Americans in January of 1916 in Mexico and thenkilled 19 more a month later in New Mexico. Wilson sent General John J.
Pershing to capture Villa, and he penetrated deep into Mexico, clashed with Carranza’s and Villa’s different forces, but didn’t take Villa.
World War I was starting in Europe