Chapter 3

Biology Biology and and

BehaviorBehavior

Puzzles

What common expressions are hidden in the following puzzles?

NOON GOOD

HE’S HIMSELF

KNEELIGHT

ii iioo oo

WEARLONG

MANMOON

SLEEPING JOB

0M.D.Ph. D.D.D.S

KCART

Fill-in-the-Blanks

1. ST_T_ _ _ _ _ _B_RT_

2. T_ _NS_ _ _T_T_ _N

3. S_ _ _R_AN

4. _O NO_ _N_ _R

5. F_ _T_ _LL F_ _L_

6. _ _RS_ _LA_ _ _ _ _L

7. _ H_ _KS_IVI_ _

8. _L_ _S_ D_ N_ _ _ _ _D T_ _ _N_ _ _LS!

Test for DementiaBelow are four (4) questions and a bonus question. You have to answer them instantly. You can't take your time, answer all of them immediately. OK?

Let's find out just how clever you really are....

First Question:

You are participating in a race. You overtake the second person. What position are you in?

Answer: If you answered that you are first, then you areabsolutely wrong! If you overtake the second person and you take his place, you are second!

Try not to screw up next time.Now, answer the second question, but don't take as much time as you took for the first question, OK?

Second Question:If you overtake the last person, then you are . . . ?(scroll down)

Answer: If you answered that you are second to last, then you are wrong again.

You're not very good at this, are you?

How can you overtake the LAST person?

Third Question:Very tricky arithmetic!

Note: This must be done in your head only.Do NOT use paper and pencil or a calculator.

Take 1000 and add 40 to it. Now add another 1000 . Now add 30. Add another 1000. Now add 20! Now add another 1000Now add 10. What is the total?

Did you get 5000?

The correct answer is actually 4100.

If you don't believe it, check it with a calculator! Today is definitely not your day, is it? Maybe you'll get the last question right.  ...maybe.

Fourth Question: Mary's father has five daughters: 1. Nana, 2. Nene, 3. Nini, 4. Nono.

What is the name of the fifth daughter?

Did you answer Nunu?

NO! Of course it isn't.Her name is Mary. Read the question again!

  Okay, now the bonus round:

A mute person goes into a shop and wants to buy a toothbrush. By imitating the action of brushing his teeth, he successfully expresses himself to the shopkeeper and the purchase is done.

Next, a blind man who wants to buy a pair of sunglasses comes into the shop; how does HE indicate what he wants?

He just has to open his mouth and ask.

Why?

Why?

Why?

Chapter Objectives:

1.1. How messages are transmitted by neurons How messages are transmitted by neurons and the functions of the peripheral and the functions of the peripheral nervous systemnervous system

2.2. Major structures of the brain and the Major structures of the brain and the functions of each structurefunctions of each structure

3.3. How hormones secreted by the major How hormones secreted by the major glands of the endocrine system affect the glands of the endocrine system affect the bodybody

4.4. Role of chromosomes and genes, and the Role of chromosomes and genes, and the study methods of heredity.study methods of heredity.

Brain Communication

CNS and PNS (2)CNS and PNS (2)1) 1) Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous System (CNS) – brain & spinal (CNS) – brain & spinal

cord.  cord.  2) 2) Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System (PNS) – nerves in the (PNS) – nerves in the

limbs & trunk that carry information in/out of the limbs & trunk that carry information in/out of the brain.brain.

NeuronNeuron Dendrites and AxonsDendrites and Axons SynapseSynapse NeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters

AcetylcholineAcetylcholine DopamineDopamine EndorphinsEndorphins

• Building blocks of the brain• 100 billion neurons• 30,000 on a pinhead

Neurons are the building blocks of your brain. They communicate with each other thousands of times each second.

Neurons - Building Blocks

Neuron PartsNeuron Parts

• SomaSoma: body of the cell

 • DendritesDendrites: receive messages

 • AxonAxon: sends messages

•Neurotransmitters are the messengers that travel between one brain cell and another.• They are chemical signals that neurons use to talk to each other, which is what makes your brain work. • They help determine how you feel, think and act.

Neurotransmitters

A. Central Nervous System

B. Peripheral Nervous System

B1. Somatic Nervous System

B2. Autonomic Nervous System

1. Cerebrum

2. Brainstem

3. Cerebellum

4. Spinal cord

CNS & PNS

Spinal CordSpinal Cord

The Central Nervous System

The Nervous SystemThe Nervous System1.  Central Nervous System =

Brain + Spinal Cord

2. Peripheral Nervous System =Nerves to rest of body

• “Sensory” nerves carry messages from the body to the brain (sensation)

• “Motor” nerves carry messages from the brain to the body (muscle

movement)

The Peripheral Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System

vs.

Autonomic Nervous System

Effect of Chemical Weapons on CNS and PNS

Parts of the Brain 3-2 (overview all below)

hindbrainhindbrain

medulla, pons, cerebellummedulla, pons, cerebellum

midbrainmidbrain

reticular activating systemreticular activating system

forebrainforebrain

(next slide)(next slide)

Brainstem:

The brainstem regulates heart rate, breathing, swallowing, blinking, digesting and more.

MedullaMedulla – involved in vital functions (heart rate, blood pressure, breathing)

PonsPons – regulates body movement, attention, sleep and alertness

Hindbrain

Cerebellum

Coordinates Coordinates • most muscles• learned skills• movement and timing

Hindbrain

Cerebellum: Switching Station:

Your cerebellum is a busy switching station. It receives messages from most of the muscles in your body. It communicates with the other parts of the brain, and then sends messages about movement and balance back to your body.

Hindbrain

ReticularActivatingSystem

Regulates the activity level of the body Regulates the activity level of the body (controls central nervous system activity, (controls central nervous system activity, including attention, sleep and arousal)including attention, sleep and arousal)

Midbrain

Alcohol’s Effect on Brain

in RAS (become sleepy)in RAS (become sleepy) in speech area (slurring)in speech area (slurring) in cerebellum (motor control)in cerebellum (motor control)

Alcohol turns cells OFF:

Alcohol: What You Don’t Know

In the Mix: Alcohol: What You Don’t Know

Guest speaker

Kathy Herring cell 242.1503Kathy Herring cell 242.1503 Kim Rainer cell 858.1910Kim Rainer cell 858.1910

pp. 59-61

p. 62

Thalamus

Relay station for sensory stimulationRelay station for sensory stimulation

Forebrain

Hypothalamus

Regulates Regulates basic needsbasic needs (hunger, thirst, (hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, caring for offspring sexual behavior, caring for offspring and aggression) and and aggression) and emotionsemotions such as such as pleasure, fear, rage, and sexualitypleasure, fear, rage, and sexuality

Forebrain

sex sermon

Learning and memory, emotion, hunger, sex and aggression

Limbic System

Forebrain

Cerebral Cortex

Responsible for very high-Responsible for very high-level thoughtlevel thought

Forebrain

Nerve bundle that connects left and right Nerve bundle that connects left and right hemisphereshemispheres

Reason for and effect of surgically severing Reason for and effect of surgically severing corpus callosumcorpus callosum

Pieces of Mind Pieces of Mind video: Split Brain video: Split Brain (start at 1:20)(start at 1:20)

Corpus Corpus callosumcallosum

Forebrain

Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex

frontal lobefrontal lobe motor stripmotor strip frontal assoc. area frontal assoc. area

parietal lobeparietal lobe sensory stripsensory strip

occipital lobe (seeing “stars”)occipital lobe (seeing “stars”) visionvision

temporal lobe (national anthem)temporal lobe (national anthem) hearinghearing

Tasks of the Hemispheres

Left hemisphereLeft hemisphere mostmost language functions language functions logic logic problem solving problem solving math computation math computation

Right HemisphereRight Hemisphere imaginationimagination art art feelings feelings spatial relations spatial relations

How Smart Is Your Right Foot?

While sitting at your desk, lift your right foot off the floor and make clockwise circles with it.

Now, while doing this, draw the number "6" in the air with your right hand. What happens?

HemisphereActivity

Demonstration&

(PsychSim module #2)

Examining the Brain: Frontal Association Area (sense of envir. & personality)

Motor Strip Dominance inventoryMotor Strip Dominance inventory (demonstration of frontal association area at (demonstration of frontal association area at

work) work) Video module #2: Video module #2: Phineas GagePhineas Gage (11:20) (11:20)

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT scan)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

                                        

The Cerebral Cortex:These special scans use computerized x-rays and magnetic fields to show the parts of the brain. The scans give doctors and scientists a picture of how the brain is working.

     PET is one of the newest, most advanced methods for studying organs in the body such as the brain. Like an X-ray, or MRI scan PET is painless and relatively noninvasive (i.e., no surgery or opening of the body is required). Unlike X-rays and traditional MRI, PET does not produce a picture of the "structure" or anatomy of the brain, but rather it gives an image of  brain "function" or physiology. In other words, it can be used to image what the brain is doing.

Positron Emission Tomography

Brain Model Observation

Form groups of 4.Form groups of 4. Define terms on sheet.Define terms on sheet. In 4 minutes, groups examine model of In 4 minutes, groups examine model of

brain to locate each item.brain to locate each item.

Endocrine System 3-3

The system containing all the glands The system containing all the glands and their chemical messagesand their chemical messages

Looking at the Endocrine System(aka, Glandular System)

HormonesHormones GlandsGlands Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland Thyroid GlandThyroid Gland Adrenal GlandsAdrenal Glands GonadsGonads

The system containing The system containing all the glands and their all the glands and their chemical messageschemical messages

Hormones

Chemical regulators distributed in the Chemical regulators distributed in the bloodstreambloodstreamMatch up with receptors that have the same Match up with receptors that have the same molecular structure molecular structure (target cell)(target cell)

Glands

Storage Storage receptacles receptacles throughout throughout the body the body that contain that contain hormoneshormones

Effect of too much/little HGH?

At just 1’ 11” tall, she is dwarfed by her neighbor's baby, but Jyoti Amge is 15 years old.

The teenager, who is the world's smallest girl according to the Indian Book of Records, has a form of dwarfism called achondroplasia. Now fully grown, she weighs just 11 lbs.

Dictionary: gigantism  (jī-găn'tĭz'əm)   

Dictionary: gigantism  (jī-găn'tĭz'əm) 1. The quality or state of being gigantic; abnormally large size. 2. Excessive growth of the body or any of its parts, especially as a result of oversecretion of the growth hormone by the pituitary gland. Also called giantism.

Pituitary Gland

1)1) Master gland that controls all Master gland that controls all other glands of the bodyother glands of the body

2)2) Secretes the growth hormoneSecretes the growth hormone

Thyroid Gland

Controls and regulates metabolism, Controls and regulates metabolism, the speed at which the body operates.the speed at which the body operates.

hyper-active vs. hypo-active

Hey!Hey!

Adrenal Glands (Sorry about that.)

Prepare body for emergencyPrepare body for emergencyPhysical effectsPhysical effects 1.1. 2.2. 3.3. 4.4.

Gonads

Reproductive organsReproductive organs

Female sex hormoneFemale sex hormone

Male sex hormoneMale sex hormone

estrogenestrogen

testosteronetestosterone

Heredity

traits - mental and physical

Genes -

basic building blocks of heredity found in threadlike structures called chromosomes

Twins

Chromosomes

23 singles combine at conception into 23 pairs

Current “life” issues

Abortion

Euthanasia

Cloning (next slide)

did

Twins:monozygotic or dizygotic?

CNN Segment 2 Video: Twin Studies

Video: Autism: Ed

Chapter 3 Conclusion

Chapter 3 Review

Pictionary (3x5 cards)

Chapter 3 Test

Question Draw

Team #1A – Which system involves thinking, dreaming and feeling?

neuron

Team #2A - Name four lobes of the brain.

corpus callosum

Team #2B - What is another name for the “glandular system”?

gonads

Team #1B - Define nature vs. nurture.

twins