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CHAPTER 3PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
Prices of Major Construction MaterialsWage Rates Of Construction PersonnelRental Rates of Construction MachineriesPrices Of Construction Equipment
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CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
Introduction30 31
Prices of Major Construction Materials
PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATESINTRODUCTION
PRICES OF MAJOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Construction materials, personnel, machineries and equipment play a crucial role in the industry. Every movement or sudden changes of its prices, wages and rental rates will affect towards the construction costs. In this report, almost all of the statistics came from CIDB own database. Major categories were selected from the vast CIDB database resources, and were summarised and averaged accordingly.
The price of construction materials were obtained from manufacturers representing specific regions. For Peninsular Malaysia, the Central Region was collected from manufacturers in Selangor; the Northern Region was collected from Perak and Pulau Pinang; the Eastern Region was collected from Kelantan and Pahang, and the Southern Region was collected from Johor. In Sabah, the data were collected from Kota Kinabalu, Tawau and Sandakan while the data in Sarawak were summarised from Kuching, Miri and Sibu. The prices were based on the transaction between suppliers and contractors, which includes any reduced rates or discounted prices, taxes, shipping and handling costs.
In 2015, all major construction materials posted a gradual increase in its prices except for steel bars and diesel, which decline to 11.6% and 26.0% respectively in 2015. The most notable increase was experienced by sand, which rises by 7.7% to RM40.91 per tonne (2014: RM37.98 per tonne). The rest of the construction materials registered a gradual increase in its prices (bricks: 5.0%; aggregate: 2.5%; cement: 1.0%; ready-mixed concrete: 5.6%; reinforcement iron mesh A10: 6.8%). Notable increase occurred during March and April 2015, mainly due to the implementation of Goods and Services Tax (GST) on 1 April 2015. However, it is quick to note that nearly all of the prices have continued to adjust and stabilise towards the end of the 2015, except for bricks and ready-mixed concrete which continued to hover around the increased prices.
DieselBricksAggregateSandCement
Ready-Mixed ConcreteSteel BarsReinforcement Iron Mesh A10 (BRC A10)
litrepiecetonnetonnebag
(50 kg)cubicmetretonne
square metre
2.590.40
44.85 37.98 18.71
250.13
2,363.4419.17
1.920.42
45.97 40.91 18.89
264.15
2,089.64 20.48
-26.05.02.57.71.0
5.6
-11.66.8
Table 3.1 Average Price of Major Construction Materials
Figure 3.1a Average Price of Major Construction Materials
Figure 3.1b Average Price of Major Construction Materials (Continued)
Figure 3.2 Average Price of Diesel in Malaysia
Figure 3.3 Average Price of Bricks in Malaysia
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDBSource : CIDB
Materials Unit Change (%)
Price (RM)2014 2015
Peninsular MalaysiaSabahSarawakMalaysia
2.602.592.592.59
1.921.921.921.92
-26.2-26.0-25.8-26.0
Table 3.2 Average Price of Diesel in Malaysia
Source : Special Release 1, Peninsular Malaysia (For Civil Engineering Works) February 2016, Department of Statistics Malaysia Special Release 1, Sabah and Sarawak (For Civil Engineering Works) February 2016, Department of Statistics Malaysia
Source : Special Release 1, Peninsular Malaysia (For Civil Engineering Works) February 2016, Department of Statistics Malaysia Special Release 1, Sabah and Sarawak (For Civil Engineering Works) February 2016, Department of Statistics Malaysia
Region Change (%)
Price (RM/litre)2014 2015
DieselPrice of industrial diesel registered the steepest contraction after it fell by 26.0% to RM1.92 per litre (2014: RM2.59 per litre) in 2015. The sharpest decline was on February 2015, after the price plunge to RM1.70 per litre. It was also the lowest industrial diesel price ever recorded from 2014 to 2015. The industrial diesel price initially climbed to RM1.95 per litre in March and levelled for three months before showing a brief increase to RM2.05 per litre in June 2015. The prices experienced two slight falls to RM1.80 per litre between August and September 2015. Throughout the last quarter of 2015, the price of diesel stabilised to RM1.90 per litre.
BricksAfter experiencing constant price throughout 2014, the price of bricks started to increase from RM0.41 to RM0.43 per piece between March to April 2015, and remained steady towards the end of 2015. Price of bricks in Peninsular Malaysia was consistently higher, ranging from RM0.40 to RM0.47 per piece, against RM0.37 to RM0.46 per piece in Sabah. Sarawak had the most stable price of bricks, which hovers between RM0.40 to RM0.42 per piece throughout 2015. The price of bricks was the cheapest in Sabah and Sarawak, compared with Peninsular Malaysia. On average, bricks were priced at RM0.42 per piece each in Sabah and Sarawak, compared with RM0.43 per piece in Peninsular Malaysia.
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
32 33Prices of Major Construction MaterialsPrices of Major Construction Materials
Overall, the price of bricks in Peninsular Malaysia was slightly expensive compared to Sabah and Sarawak. Each region shows a parallel movement, which shows a rise between Quarter 1 and Quarter 2, and remained unchanged towards the end of 2015. Eastern Region had the most expensive bricks at RM0.46 per piece. This was followed by Southern Region with an average price of RM0.43 per piece, while Northern and Central Regions each registered the same price of RM0.42 per piece.
Sabah registered the highest increase of brick price by 9.2% against Peninsular Malaysia (4.3%) and Sarawak (3.7%). Sandakan was the most expensive city for bricks with RM0.45 per piece, against RM0.44 per piece in Tawau and RM0.39 per piece in Kota Kinabalu. However the prices were still much lower than those
in Peninsular Malaysia. In Sarawak, the three cities of Kuching, Sibu and Miri had the same prices of bricks, and overall increased by 3.7% to RM0.42 per piece in 2015 (2014: RM0.40 per piece) which occurred on April 2015.
Figure 3.3a Average Price of Bricks in Peninsular Malaysia
Figure 3.3b Average Price of Bricks in Sabah
Figure 3.4 Average Price of Aggregate in Malaysia
Figure 3.4a Average Price of Aggregate in Peninsular Malaysia
Figure 3.3c Average Price of Bricks in Sarawak
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDBSource : CIDB
Central RegionNorthern RegionEastern RegionSouthern Region
0.40
0.40
0.44
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.46
0.43
3.7
4.7
5.1
3.7
Table 3.3a Average Price of Bricks in Peninsular Malaysia
Source : CIDB
Region Change (%)
Price (RM/piece)2014 2015
Kota KinabaluSandakanTawau
KuchingSibuMiri
0.36
0.41
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
0.39
0.45
0.44
0.42
0.42
0.42
8.5
9.5
9.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
Table 3.3b Average Price of Bricks in Sabah
Table 3.3c Average Price of Bricks in Sarawak
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
City
City
Change (%)
Change (%)
Price (RM/piece)
Price (RM/piece)
2014
2014
2015
2015
AggregateIn 2015, the price of aggregate was comparatively higher in Sabah, compared to Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. The average price in Sabah was RM58.22 per tonne, against RM37.27 and RM40.73 per tonne respectively in Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. Nevertheless, the price of aggregate drops by 1.3% in Sabah, against an increase of 5.0% and 5.9% respectively in Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. Towards the end of 2015, the price in Sabah showed a downward trend, whereas the prices in Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak continued to increase. The highest prices was at RM60.77 per tonne in Sabah (April 2015); at RM39.27 per tonne in Peninsular Malaysia (December 2015); and at RM43.46 per tonne in Sarawak (October 2015). The highest price for each place was also the highest prices since 2014. Significant price increase was seen during Quarter 2 in Sabah; Quarter 4 in Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak.
In Peninsular Malaysia, the price of aggregate increased by 5.0% to RM38.19 per tonne (2014: RM36.36 per tonne). Central Region had the highest price at RM41.53 per tonne, while Eastern Region had the lowest price at RM34.51 per tonne. Southern and Northern Regions registered an average price of RM37.27 and RM39.44 per tonne respectively. The price of aggregate in Peninsular Malaysia does not vary much, and remained stable throughout 2015.
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
34 35Prices of Major Construction MaterialsPrices of Major Construction Materials
Central RegionNorthern RegionEastern RegionSouthern Region
45.28
35.18
29.68
35.31
41.53
39.44
34.51
37.27
-8.3
12.1
16.3
5.6
Table 3.4a Average Price of Aggregate in Peninsular Malaysia
Source : CIDB
Region Change (%)
Price (RM/tonne)2014 2015
In Sabah, Tawau had the highest price of aggregate, after a slight increase of 1.8% to RM60.17 per tonne (2014: RM59.08 per tonne). Kota Kinabalu and Sandakan each had comparatively lower prices at RM55.54 and RM57.81 per tonne. In general, all the three cities show a similar movement in aggregate price, which peak at Quarter 2 before falling towards the Quarter 4. In contrast, the prices of aggregate in Sarawak show a possible upward trend towards the end of 2015. On average, Sibu had the most expensive aggregate (RM43.96 per tonne) followed by Miri (RM41.26 per tonne) and Kuching (RM40.45 per tonne).
The price of sand in 4 regions of Peninsular Malaysia moves in consistent manner throughout 2015. It was interesting to note that the price of sand in Southern Region had slightly surpassed Central Region in Quarter 4. The lowest and highest price of sand was RM27.67 per tonne in Eastern Region (January 2015) and RM43.46 per tonne in Central Region (April 2015). Even though Eastern Region had the lowest price of sand per tonne, it saw the highest increase by 25.6% to RM31.54 per tonne (2014: RM25.11 per tonne). It was the same for Central Region which had the priciest sands in Peninsular Malaysia, but contracts by 8.8% to RM40.70 per tonne (2014: RM44.81 per tonne).
Northern and Southern Region each had an increase of 18.1% to RM34.83 per tonne (2014: RM25.11 per tonne) and 7.7% to RM40.19 per tonne (2014: RM37.31 per tonne) respectively.
In Sabah, the price of sand were markedly increase by 16.2% to RM51.16 per tonne (2014: RM44.03 per tonne) in Sandakan and 10.1% to RM49.47 per tonne (2014: RM44.94 per tonne) in Tawau. Sandakan registered the highest price at RM54.41 per tonne on April 2015, which was also the highest price since 2014. Kota Kinabalu had the least increase by 7.1% to RM43.49 per tonne (2014: RM40.61 per tonne). Sarawak saw the least movement of sand price against Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah. Kuching and Miri each saw a small increase of 1.8% to RM34.31 per tonne (2014: RM33.70 per tonne) and 2.0% to RM37.79 per tonne (2014: RM37.06 per tonne). Sibu was the only city in Sarawak with the average increase of 6.2% to RM41.52 per tonne (2014: RM39.11 per tonne).
Figure 3.4b Average Price of Aggregate in Sabah
Figure 3.4c Average Price of Aggregate in Sarawak
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Kota KinabaluSandakanTawau
KuchingSibuMiri
57.92
58.83
59.08
37.70
41.28
39.72
55.54
57.81
60.17
40.45
43.96
41.26
-4.1
-1.7
1.8
7.3
6.5
3.9
Table 3.4b Average Price of Aggregate in Sabah
Table 3.4c Average Price of Aggregate in Sarawak
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
City
City
Change (%)
Change (%)
Price (RM/tonne)
Price (RM/tonne)
2014
2014
2015
2015
SandIn 2015, price of sand registered the highest increase among major construction materials by 7.7% to RM40.01 per tonne (2014: RM37.98 per tonne). Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak had lower prices of sand than Sabah. It was observed that the prices of sand moves aligned in Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak, against Sabah. Prices of sand jump by 7.9% to RM36.82 per tonne (2014: RM34.13 per tonne) in Peninsular Malaysia; 3.4% to RM37.87 per tonne in Sarawak (2014: RM36.63 per tonne); and 11.2% to RM48.04 per tonne (2014: RM43.19 per tonne) in Sabah. The prices of sand reached the highest and lowest of RM50.53 and RM46.29 per tonne in Sabah; RM38.16 and RM33.87 per tonne in Peninsular Malaysia; and RM39.69 and RM34.44 per tonne in Sarawak.
Figure 3.5 Average Price of Sand in Malaysia
Figure 3.5a Average Price of Sand in Peninsular Malaysia
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Central RegionNorthern RegionEastern RegionSouthern Region
44.61
29.50
25.11
37.31
40.70
34.83
31.54
40.19
-8.8
18.1
25.6
7.7
Table 3.5a Average Price of Sand in Peninsular Malaysia
Source : CIDB
Region Change (%)
Price (RM/tonne)2014 2015
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
36 37Prices of Major Construction MaterialsPrices of Major Construction Materials
Figure 3.5b Average Price of Sand in Sabah
Figure 3.5c Average Price of Sand in Sarawak
Figure 3.6 Average Price of Cement in Malaysia
Figure 3.6a Average Price of Cement in Peninsular Malaysia
Figure 3.6b Average Price of Cement in Sabah
Figure 3.6c Average Price of Cement in Sarawak
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Kota KinabaluSandakanTawau
40.61
44.03
44.94
43.49
51.16
49.47
7.1
16.2
10.1
Table 3.5b Average Price of Sand in Sabah
Source : CIDB
City Change (%)
Price (RM/tonne)2014 2015
KuchingSibuMiri
33.70
39.11
37.06
34.31
41.52
37.79
1.8
6.2
2.0
Table 3.5c Average Price of Sand in Sarawak
Source : CIDB
City Change (%)
Price (RM/tonne)2014 2015
CementOverall, cement saw negligible price changes of 1.0% to RM18.89 per bag (2014: RM18.71 per bag). The price of cement move in the same direction in the three regions from the volatile movement in Quarter 1 and 2, which had the lowest and highest price since 2014, before gradually stabilising on Quarter 4. On average, the price of cement drops by 3.6% to RM17.89 per bag (2014: RM18.56 per bag) in Peninsular Malaysia; but increased moderately by 2.3% to RM19.53 per bag (2014: RM19.10 per bag) and 4.3% to RM19.26 per bag (2014: RM18.46 per bag) respectively in Sabah and Sarawak.
On average, each region in Peninsular Malaysia registered a drop in cement prices; Central Region by 5.4% to RM17.32 per bag (2014: RM18.31 per bag); Northern Region by 3.2% to RM17.86 per bag (2014: RM18.44 per bag); Eastern Region by 1.5% to RM17.86 per bag (RM18.13 per bag); and Southern Region by 4.4% to RM18.50 per bag (2014: RM19.35 per bag). The trend shows a disparity in the prices between Southern Region and the other regions in Quarter 1 and 2, but the gap begin to close in Quarter 3 and 4. The lowest and highest monthly prices was RM16.83 per bag in Eastern Region (February 2015) and RM20.14 per bag in Southern Region (April 2015).
Cement prices does not change much in Sabah with an average of RM18.82 per bag in Kota Kinabalu; RM19.75 per bag in Sandakan; and RM20.02 per bag in Tawau. On observation, the price of cement seems to move in sync at the three cities. Cumulatively, Sandakan registered the highest average price at RM20.49 per bag during Quarter 2 of 2015; while Kota Kinabalu had the lowest average price at RM18.22 per bag during Quarter 1 of 2015. In Sarawak, Sibu and Kuching had an increase of 6.7% to RM19.94 per bag (2014: RM18.69 per bag) and 4.8% to RM18.77 per bag (2014: RM17.92 per bag) respectively, while Miri had a slight increase of 1.5% to RM19.06 per bag (RM18.78 per bag). Even though Kuching usually had the lowest cement prices, it was interesting to note that cumulative cement prices in Miri was even lower than Kuching during Quarter 2 of 2015.
Central RegionNorthern RegionEastern RegionSouthern Region
18.31
18.44
18.13
19.35
17.32
17.86
17.86
18.50
-5.4
-3.2
-1.5
-4.4
Table 3.6a Average Price of Cement in Peninsular Malaysia
Source : CIDB
Region Change(%)
Price (RM/50kg bag)2014 2015
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
38 39Prices of Major Construction MaterialsPrices of Major Construction Materials
Kota KinabaluSandakanTawau
18.42
19.21
19.67
18.82
19.75
20.02
2.2
2.8
1.8
Table 3.6b Average Price of Cement in Sabah Table 3.7b Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Sabah
Source : CIDB
City Change (%)
Price (RM/50kg bag)2014 2015
KuchingSibuMiri
17.92
18.69
18.78
18.77
19.94
19.06
4.8
6.7
1.5
Table 3.6c Average Price of Cement in Sarawak
Source : CIDB
City Change (%)
Price (RM/50kg bag)2014 2015
KuchingSibuMiri
243.45
264.39
250.00
253.00
278.67
265.63
3.9
5.4
6.3
Table 3.7c Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Sarawak
Source : CIDB
City Change (%)
Price (RM/cubic metre)2014 2015
Ready-Mixed ConcreteThe price of ready-mixed concrete jumped by 5.6% to RM264.15 per cubic metre (2014: RM250.13 per cubic metre), obviously during Quarter 2 of 2015. Peninsular Malaysia had the cheapest price with RM201.92 per cubic metre, Sabah was the outlier with RM324.76 per cubic metre and Sarawak had a firm price of RM265.77 per cubic metre which is comparable to the overall Malaysia. The prices for ready-mixed concrete was a bit higher in 2015 but was considered stable. All of the regions were clearly had higher cumulative prices during Quarter 4 of 2015.
Steel Bars2015 saw the worst performance of steel bars since 2008/ 2009. The price of steel bars drop by 11.6% to RM2,089.64 per tonne (2014: RM2,363.44 per tonne). The price of steel bars indicates a similar and closer movement between Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. A falling trend was observed from 2014, which continued onwards in 2015. A significant deviation appeared when the prices of steel plunged to RM1,832.75 per tonne in December 2015, which incidentally were the lowest price of steel bars during the two-year period. In general, there were not many changes in prices of steel bars between the three regions. From the trend, it could be that the prices of steel bars in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak will converge at a point.
In Peninsular Malaysia, Southern Region had an average price of RM204.19 per cubic metre; Eastern Region had an average price of RM204.13 per cubic metre; Northern Region had an average price of RM200.31 per cubic metre; and Central Region had an average price of RM199.05 per cubic metre. The cheapest monthly prices were registered in Eastern Region with RM187.34 per cubic metre (February 2015); while the priciest monthly prices were registered in Southern Region with RM213.77 per cubic metre (December 2015).
Initially, the price of ready-mixed concrete in the regions varied between RM187.34 and RM195.00 per cubic metre from January to March 2015, but experienced the steepest increase during April 2015. Afterward, the prices of ready-mixed concrete in all regions remained above RM190 per cubic metre. The prices of ready-mixed concrete in Eastern Region saw the highest increase by 7.4%, followed by the Northern Region at 5.2%; Southern Region at 5.0%; and Central Region at 3.1%.
In 2015, Sabah saw a 6.2% increase in prices of ready-mixed concrete. Sandakan saw the highest increase of ready-mixed concrete prices, which rise by 9.8% to RM328.44 per cubic metre; against 5.9% to RM338.76 per cubic metre in Tawau and 3.0% to RM307.09 per cubic metre in Kota Kinabalu. The lowest monthly prices were registered at RM293.33 per cubic metre (January 2015) in Kota Kinabalu while the most expensive were registered at RM351.57 per cubic metre (December 2015) in Tawau. The cities in Sarawak saw a steady increase of 5.2%, which was similar of that in Peninsular Malaysia in 2015, with an average price of RM253.00 per cubic metre in Kuching; RM278.67 per cubic metre in Sibu and RM265.63 per cubic metre in Miri.
Figure 3.7 Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Malaysia
Figure 3.7a Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Peninsular Malaysia
Figure 3.7b Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Sabah
Figure 3.7c Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Sarawak
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Central RegionNorthern RegionEastern RegionSouthern Region
193.00
190.46
190.12
194.44
199.05
200.31
204.13
204.19
3.1
5.2
7.4
5.0
Table 3.7a Average Price of Ready-Mixed Concrete in Peninsular Malaysia
Source : CIDB
Region Change (%)
Price (RM/cubic metre)2014 2015
Kota KinabaluSandakanTawau
298.19
299.25
319.86
307.09
328.44
338.76
3.0
9.8
5.9
Source : CIDB
City Change (%)
Price (RM/cubic metre)2014 2015
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
40 41Prices of Major Construction MaterialsPrices of Major Construction Materials
Figure 3.8 Average Price of Steel Bars in Malaysia
Figure 3.8a Average Price of Steel Bars in Peninsular Malaysia
Figure 3.8b Average Price of Steel Bars in Sabah
Figure 3.8c Average Price of Steel Bars in Sarawak
Figure 3.9 Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Malaysia
On average the prices of steel bars in Peninsular Malaysia drops by 8.7% to RM2,010.47 per tonne (2014: RM2,202.70 per tonne). All of the regions in Peninsular Malaysia registered a drop in the prices of steel bars, but were still manageable compare with the bigger price drop experienced in Sabah and Sarawak. A brief price increase was registered during Quarter 2 of 2015, before the price of steel bars drops again and showed an overall decline until the end of 2015. Southern Region posted the highest and lowest monthly prices of steel bars at RM2,273.11 and RM1,690.11 per tonne in April and December 2015 respectively.
Sabah saw the largest drop in steel prices by 14.0% to RM2,128.62 per tonne (2014: RM2,475.18 per tonne). Each cities in Sabah had significant falls in the prices of steel bars, most notably Sandakan by 15.1% to RM2,138.36 per tonne (2014: RM2,518.52 per tonne); Tawau by 13.9% to RM2,153.77 (2014: RM2,501.39 per tonne); and Kota Kinabalu by 13.0% to RM2,093.74 per tonne (2014: RM2,405.62 per tonne). The highest and lowest monthly prices were registered at RM2,390.89 per tonne in Tawau (April 2015) and RM1,849.11 per tonne both in Kota Kinabalu and Sandakan (December 2015). Meanwhile, prices of steel bars in Sarawak falls by 11.7% to RM2,129.83 per tonne (2014: RM2,412.45 per tonne). The prices of steel bars in Sarawak was relatively stable and hovers between RM1,872.67 and RM2,379.11 per tonne between Kuching, Miri and Sibu.
Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 (BRC A10)The price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 does not vary much since 2014, after increasing moderately by 6.8% to RM20.48 per square metre (2014: RM19.17 per square metre) in 2015. Between the regions, Peninsular Malaysia had the lowest price at RM17.03 per square metre; while Sabah and Sarawak had a very similar price of RM22.06 and RM22.34 per square metre respectively. From the
trend line, the prices of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 seems to be lower in Peninsular Malaysia, while Sabah and Sarawak had a higher average price and seems to indicate closer movement of prices. The trend line also indicates that the prices move in aligned within the three regions.
In Peninsular Malaysia, the prices of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 grew by 7.0% to RM17.03 per square metre (2014: RM15.93 per square metre). Central Region saw the highest prices increase by 11.2% to RM15.13 per square metre (2014: RM13.61 per square metre), though it was also the region with the lowest price. Southern Region had RM16.54 per square metre; Northern Region had RM17.75 per square metre; and Eastern Region had RM18.71 per square metre. Overall, the cumulative quarterly prices indicate an upward trend which continued to increase towards the end of 2015. The lowest and highest average prices were registered at RM14.00 per square metre in Central Region for the first 3 months of 2015, and at RM19.08 per square metre in Eastern Region in the last 4 months of 2015.
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Central RegionNorthern RegionEastern RegionSouthern Region
2,219.14
2,173.83
2,234.95
2,182.87
2,003.66
2,019.70
2,030.21
1,988.31
-9.7
-7.1
-9.2
-8.9
Table 3.8a Average Price of Steel Bars in Peninsular Malaysia
Source : CIDB
Region Change (%)
Price (RM/tonne)2014 2015
KuchingSibuMiri
2,368.83
2,425.46
2,443.05
2,112.77
2,131.17
2,145.56
-10.8
-12.1
-12.2
Table 3.8c Average Price of Steel Bars in Sarawak
Source : CIDB
City Change (%)
Price (RM/tonne)2014 2015
Table 3.8b Average Price of Steel Bars in Sabah
Kota KinabaluSandakanTawau
2,405.62
2,518.52
2,501.39
2,093.74
2,138.36
2,153.77
-13.0
-15.1
-13.9
Source : CIDB
City Change (%)
Price (RM/tonne)2014 2015
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
42 43Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelPrices of Major Construction Materials
Figure 3.9a Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Peninsular Malaysia
Figure 3.9b Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Sabah
Figure 3.9c Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Sarawak
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Central RegionNorthern RegionEastern RegionSouthern Region
13.61
16.44
17.75
15.90
15.13
17.75
18.71
16.54
11.2
8.0
5.4
4.0
Table 3.9a Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Peninsular Malaysia
Source : CIDB
Region Change(%)
Price (RM/square metre)2014 2015
Sabah saw the prices of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 increase by 7.9% to RM22.06 per square metre (2014: RM20.45 per square metre). Tawau had the most expensive price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 at RM23.75 per square metre; followed by Sandakan and Kota Kinabalu each at RM23.23 and RM19.20 per square metre. Based on the trend line, Sandakan and Tawau seems to move closer in prices, which was much higher than Kota Kinabalu. The lowest monthly price was registered at RM17.67 per square metre during the first 3 months of 2015 in Kota Kinabalu, while the highest monthly price was registered at RM24.91 per square metre on September 2015 in Tawau. Sarawak had the
most expensive price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 at RM22.34 per square metre, which was slightly a bit higher than Sabah. In 2015, Kuching had surpassed Sibu as the city with the lowest price during Quarter 3, while Miri remains the city with the priciest Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10. On average, the prices between the cities in Sarawak were stable with a difference between RM0.89 and RM1.50 from 2014.
Table 3.9b Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Sabah
Table 3.9c Average Price of Reinforcement Iron Mesh A10 in Sarawak
Kota KinabaluSandakanTawau
KuchingSibuMiri
17.78
21.64
21.93
21.10
20.75
21.53
19.20
23.23
23.75
21.99
22.01
23.03
8.0
7.4
8.3
4.2
6.1
7.0
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
City
City
Change (%)
Change (%)
Price (RM/square metre)
Price (RM/square metre)
2014
2014
2015
2015
WAGE RATES OF CONSTRUCTION PERSONNELThe wage rates of construction machinery operators, construction workers and IBS Component Installers in Peninsular Malaysia were obtained from 11 states (Kedah, Kelantan, Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Pulau Pinang, Selangor, Terengganu, W.P. Kuala Lumpur and Johor). Wage rates from Sabah were obtained from Kota Kinabalu, Tawau and Sandakan, while wage rates from Kuching, Miri and Sibu represent Sarawak. This section will explore the movement of wages in 2015 from 15 categories of machine operators, 20 categories of construction workers and 6 categories of IBS component installers. Each category is categorised by level of skills, where wages (minimum and maximum) were based on their certifications.
Wage Rates of Local Construction Personnel
Construction Machinery OperatorsIn 2015, all categories of machinery operators registered an increase in the daily wage rates, except for tower crane and forklift truck operators. Semi-skilled machinery operators recorded a higher average increase in wages, compared to skilled machinery operators. Semi-skilled machinery operators received an average increase of 7.7% against 5.0% for skilled machinery operators. The largest difference between
the minimum and maximum wages came from mobile crane operators at RM91.12 per day for skilled machinery operators, and tower crane operators at RM51.09 per day for semi-skilled machinery operators.
For skilled machinery operators, mobile crane operators registered the largest increase of maximum daily wages of 28.0% to RM190.53 per day (2014: RM148.90 per day). The second largest increase came from forklift truck operators which saw the maximum daily wage rose by 25.7% to 135.49 per day (2014: RM107.76 per day). The other notable growth came from backhoe loader operators which increase by 14.5% to RM133.21 per day (2014: RM116.31 per day) and crawler crane operators which increase by 10.3% to RM149.59 per day (2014: RM135.57 per day). Skilled machinery operators for tower crane and forklift truck operators were the most affected after their minimum daily wage plummet by 6.0% to RM92.71 per day (2014: RM98.62 per day) and 5.8% to RM72.64 per day (2014: RM77.14 per day) respectively. This was followed with paver operators which saw a reduction of 1.2% to RM84.68 per day (2014: RM85.68 per day).
In terms of earnings, mobile crane operators received the highest daily wage of between RM99.41 and RM190.53 per day for skilled machinery operators. In contrast, the lowest daily wage for skilled machinery operators came from roller/compactor operators which earned between RM74.42 and RM115.03 per day.
For semi-skilled machinery operators, crawler crane operators had the highest growth of maximum daily wages at 14.6% to RM119.40 per day (2014: RM104.20 per day). This was followed closely by tower crane operators at 14.1% to RM156.46 per day (2014: RM151.31 per day) and roller operators at 13.4% to RM116.04 per day (2014: RM111.39 per day). There was only marginal decrease in wages for semi-skilled machinery operators. The minimum daily wages for semi-skilled machinery operators drops slightly by 1.0% to RM78.44 per day (2014: RM79.22 per day) for tower crane operators and 0.6% to RM61.47 per day (2014: RM61.86 per day) for forklift truck operators.
Ironically, the highest daily wages for semi-skilled machinery operators were the tower crane operators which earned between RM78.44 and RM129.53 per day. While off road truck operators earned the lowest daily wages at between RM65.00 and RM94.99 per day.
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
44 45
Source : CIDB
Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelWage Rates of Construction Personnel
In Peninsular Malaysia, most categories of local machinery operators recorded an encouraging increase in wages. Two highest wage increments were from skilled mobile crane operators (22.4%) and forklift truck operators (20.2%). For semi-skilled machinery operators, crawler crane operators (14.0%) and tower crane operators (12.2%) had the two highest growths in wages. Skilled paver, tower crane and forklift truck operators each experienced a drop between 0.7% and 5.8% in wages. Semi-skilled tower crane and forklift
roller/compactor operators had the highest and lowest wages under semi-skilled category each at RM125.50 and RM62.14 per day.
Skilled mobile crane operators had the highest difference
truck operators each experienced a drop of 1.4% and 1.3% in wages. Wage increase in other categories varied between 0.1% and 14.0% for both skilled and semi-skilled machinery operators. On average, local skilled and semi-skilled machinery operators experienced a wage increase of 4.4% and 6.7% respectively in 2015.
For skilled machinery operators, mobile crane and forklift truck operators each had the highest and lowest wages at RM176.1 8 and RM73.73 per day. Tower crane and
between the minimum and maximum wages at RM76.73 and RM44.73 under the skilled and semi-skilled category. Paver and slingger/ dogger operators had the largest and smallest difference each at RM30.31 and RM26.05.
Table 3.10 Average Wages of Local Machine Operators in Malaysia
Excavator
Pile Riggers
Off Road Truck Operators
Backhoe Loader Operators
Roller Operators
Roller/Compactor Operators
Scrapper Operators
Motor Grader Operators
Wheel Loader Operators
Paver Operators
Mobile Crane Operators
Crawler Crane Operators
Tower Crane Operators
Forklift Truck Operators
Slinger/Dogger Operators
78.06123.16
81.86120.33
74.56111.72
80.39116.31
76.97111.39
72.03110.66
76.68113.43
79.53115.15
79.12116.26
85.68117.58
98.88148.90
98.49135.57
98.62151.31
77.14107.76
77.77108.55
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
82.49123.53
86.58121.32
80.86113.53
81.74133.21
79.83116.04
74.42115.03
80.46118.76
80.88119.03
80.32117.49
84.68117.68
99.41190.53
98.86149.59
92.71156.46
72.64135.49
79.22113.18
--
65.4295.0859.4087.67
--
61.8784.2157.0586.3561.9987.74
--
63.9488.2962.2891.9975.27
115.6673.92
104.2079.24
113.4861.8685.1862.3784.92
--
68.65102.05
65.0094.99
--
65.3695.5162.8793.7168.6597.61
--
65.8295.6864.9598.0875.41
123.8676.32
119.4078.44
129.5361.4795.1765.3592.87
5.70.35.80.88.41.61.7
14.53.74.23.33.94.94.71.73.41.51.1
-1.20.10.5
28.00.4
10.3-6.03.4
-5.825.7
1.94.3
--
4.97.39.48.4
--
5.613.410.2
8.510.711.3
--
3.08.44.36.60.27.03.2
14.6-1.014.1-0.611.7
4.89.4
Source : CIDB
Category of Machine OperatorMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
Table 3.11 Average Wages of Local Machine Operators in Peninsular Malaysia
Excavator
Pile Riggers
Off Road Truck Operators
Backhoe Loader Operators
Roller Operators
Roller/Compactor Operators
Scrapper Operators
Motor Grader Operators
Wheel Loader Operators
Paver Operators
Mobile Crane Operators
Crawler Crane Operators
Tower Crane Operators
Forklift Truck Operators
Slinger/Dogger Operators
79.10120.91
82.23118.45
74.77109.61
80.92114.00
77.50109.36
72.41108.23
78.64112.57
80.57113.86
78.84113.45
86.11115.73
97.95143.93
98.57134.25100.01149.07
77.36106.82
78.05107.30
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
83.18122.09
86.77119.18
80.66111.86
82.18126.27
80.43113.86
75.00112.91
82.09117.50
81.95118.09
80.59115.45
85.55115.86
99.45176.18
99.36145.27
94.18154.68
73.73128.36
79.95111.68
--
65.0995.1859.2386.16
--
61.6483.0557.0985.2762.1187.20
--
63.5087.7362.4190.8275.68
113.0774.36
102.8980.41
112.8962.6885.0962.8285.00
--
68.14100.64
64.3691.66
--
65.0993.5562.1491.5267.6895.89
--
65.4193.5964.3695.8675.91
120.6476.82
117.3279.32
125.5061.8694.1465.6891.73
5.21.05.50.67.92.11.6
10.83.84.13.64.34.44.41.73.72.21.8
-0.70.11.5
22.40.88.2
-5.83.8
-4.720.2
2.54.1
--
4.75.78.76.4
--
5.612.6
8.87.39.0
10.0--
3.06.73.15.60.36.73.3
14.0-1.411.2-1.310.6
4.67.9
Category of Machine OperatorMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
In Sabah, skilled paver operators and semi-skilled off road truck operators had the highest growth in wages at 12.2% to RM88.00 per day (2014: RM78.45 per day) and 12.9% to RM65.50 per day (2014: RM58.00 per day)
respectively. Paver operators (-4.6%) and mobile crane operators (-0.3%) were the two categories under skilled machinery operators to experience a contraction in wages. While pile riggers (-0.3%) was the only category
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
46 47Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelWage Rates of Construction Personnel
in semi-skilled machinery operators which registered a drop in wages. Overall, Sabah registered the most increase in wages for local machinery operators, compared with Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. An average increase of 5.6% and 7.6% in wages were registered for skilled and semi-skilled local machinery operators respectively in 2015.
For skilled machinery operators, the highest and lowest wages came from mobile crane operators at RM125.17
Sarawak saw all categories of local machinery operators register an increase in wages. The highest increase in wages came from skilled backhoe loader operator at 7.0% to RM79.83 per day (2014: RM74.58 per day), and semi-skilled forklift truck drivers at 8.3% to RM67.17 per day (2014: RM62.05 per day). On observation, Sarawak had the most stable wages of local machinery operators. Skilled machine operators saw their average wages rise by 5.3% to RM101.68 per day (2014: RM96.53 per day), while semi-skilled machine operators saw their average wages rise by 6.2% to RM86.67 per day (2014: RM81.60 per day).
per day and wheel loader operators at RM60.50 per day. Tower crane and paver operators had the highest and lowest wages at RM87.00 and RM47.19 per day each for semi-skilled machinery operators. The difference between the minimum and maximum wages varies from RM15.12 to RM31.76 for skilled machinery operators and from RM16.29 to RM22.50 for semi-skilled machinery operators. On an interesting note, the minimum wages for semi-skilled roller operators remain unchanged at RM47.33 per day in 2015.
Tower crane operators had the highest wages for skilled and semi-skilled machine operators each at RM143.17 and RM106.83 per day. The lowest wages for semi-skilled machine operators came from roller and forklift truck operators at RM75.83 and RM67.17 per day respectively. Under skilled machine operators, RM18.22 to RM41.00 in difference was registered between minimum and maximum wages. At the same time, RM15.67 to RM30.17 in difference between minimum and maximum wages was registered under semi-skilled machinery operators.
Table 3.12 Average Wages of Local Machine Operators in Sabah
Excavator
Pile Riggers
Off Road Truck Operators
Backhoe Loader Operators
Roller Operators
Roller/Compactor Operators
Scrapper Operators
Motor Grader Operators
Wheel Loader Operators
Paver Operators
Mobile Crane Operators
Crawler Crane Operators
Tower Crane Operators
Forklift Truck Operators
Slinger/Dogger Operators
73.5087.8670.6185.4566.5376.1172.6787.2665.3887.8167.6485.7865.9978.4759.8383.2958.1781.1365.0078.4593.68
116.7294.83
114.1495.50
114.8872.0086.5263.8385.88
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
74.0095.6471.3392.6768.8884.0075.0093.9866.3895.7169.2793.0068.6685.1761.0091.5760.5088.1762.0088.0093.41
125.1798.96
120.4697.48
122.8275.1793.3065.8393.41
--
49.3361.6746.1758.00
--
47.3359.8348.4462.6847.0060.25
--
46.5061.0045.8659.9166.3877.2864.8878.8166.8879.1444.3362.6748.0061.72
--
49.1769.3347.6765.50
--
47.3367.1749.1069.8350.0067.17
--
48.8368.0047.1966.8368.3884.6766.8886.1768.8887.0047.3369.8349.3369.00
0.78.91.08.53.5
10.43.27.71.59.02.48.44.18.52.09.94.08.7
-4.612.2-0.37.24.45.52.16.94.47.83.18.8
--
-0.312.4
3.312.9
--
0.012.3
1.411.4
6.411.5
--
5.011.5
2.911.6
3.09.63.19.33.09.96.8
11.42.8
11.8
Source : CIDB
Category of Machine OperatorMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
Table 3.13 Average Wages of Local Machine Operators in Sarawak
Excavator
Pile Riggers
Off Road Truck Operators
Backhoe Loader Operators
Roller Operators
Roller/Compactor Operators
Scrapper Operators
Motor Grader Operators
Wheel Loader Operators
Paver Operators
Mobile Crane Operators
Crawler Crane Operators
Tower Crane Operators
Forklift Truck Operators
84.60109.77
80.9299.5083.7999.5074.5895.8371.58
106.1778.25
107.8189.92
109.8385.72
116.8582.00
110.8390.62
112.1792.83
122.0995.58
123.5097.58
137.5075.2593.17
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
89.87115.27
86.17105.50
86.95105.17
79.83101.83
75.83111.83
81.96113.48
95.17115.50
90.33122.01
85.67116.17
94.87118.17
98.83126.77101.50129.33102.17143.17
79.6798.83
--
64.1785.0069.5090.83
--
63.0887.0067.8294.1780.4295.33
--
66.5095.8378.0897.3378.7199.3379.5498.8379.99
100.8362.0580.83
--
69.3390.1774.0096.50
--
67.5092.6772.4199.6784.83
100.50--
71.00101.17
83.69102.83
83.39105.17
84.46104.67
82.17106.83
67.1786.67
6.25.06.56.03.85.77.06.35.95.34.75.35.85.25.44.44.54.84.75.46.53.86.24.74.74.15.96.1
--
8.16.16.56.2
--
7.06.56.85.85.55.4
--
6.85.67.25.75.95.96.25.92.76.08.37.2
Category of Machine OperatorMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
48 49
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelWage Rates of Construction Personnel
Construction WorkersIn 2015, the highest growth in wages came from general construction worker - civil after an increase of 12.4% to RM95.85 per day (2014: RM85.30 per day). In contrast, the largest contraction came from electrical wireman PW2 with a reduction of 8.0% to RM2,829.53 per month (2014: RM3,075.31 per month). Reduction in the minimum and maximum wages was observed in 13 from 40 sections under local skilled construction worker, and varies from 0.3% to 8.0%. At the same time, only 3 sections were affected under local semi-skilled construction worker (carpenter - joinery: -2.5%; scaffolder - tubular: -0.8%; scaffolder - prefabricated: -0.7%;). Most of these contractions could be attributed to the decline of average daily wages experienced in Peninsular Malaysia.
The highest paid skilled construction worker was steel structure fabricators with RM132.89 per day. Under the same category, general construction worker – building
was the lowest earner with RM53.77 per day. For semi-skilled construction worker, building wiring installer and barbender had the highest and lowest wages at RM117.38 and RM60.61 per day respectively. The difference between the daily minimum and maximum wages range from RM44.35 and RM28.26 for local skilled construction workers, and from RM28.42 to RM34.94 for local semi-skilled construction workers. The difference between the monthly minimum and maximum wages range from RM898.20 to RM1,403.67.
Overall, the daily wages for local skilled and semi-skilled construction workers in Malaysia increase by 2.0% to RM192.53 day (2014: 188.82 per day), and by 3.3% to RM161.78 per day (2014: RM156.62 per day) respectively. While the average monthly wages for PW2 and PW4 electrical wireman saw an increase of 1.0% to RM2,792.32 per month (2014: RM2,763.69 per month).
In Peninsular Malaysia, most of the categories in skilled and semi-skilled category of local construction workers experience a decline in their daily wage rates. Average contractions of 2.5% were registered from 19 out 40 sections in the minimum and maximum wages. For the skilled category, general construction worker - civil and electrical wireman PW2 had the highest and lowest growth in wages at 13.4% to RM96.50 per day (2014: RM85.14 per day) and at -9.3% to RM2,845.36 per month (2014: RM3,136.68 per month). For semi-skilled category, roofer and carpenter – joinery had the highest and lowest of growth in wages at 9.7% to RM99.93 per day (2014: RM91.11 per day) and at -3.6% to RM66.95 per day (2014: RM69.45 per day). On
average, semi-skilled construction workers had better wage increment at 2.7% to RM159.00 per day (2014: RM154.84 per day), than skilled construction workers which grew by 1.3% to RM191.22 per day (2014: RM188.75 per day). While P2 and P4 electrical wireman had better growth in the average monthly wages in Peninsular Malaysia, against Sabah and Sarawak with an increase of 1.2% to RM2,799.67 per month (2014: RM2,766.69 per month).
Steel structure fabricator and building wiring installer had the highest wages for skilled and semi-skilled local construction workers at RM134.16 and RM116.36 per day respectively. While the lowest wages for skilled
Slinger/Dogger Operators 72.2596.00
MinimumMaximum
76.83101.83
59.9283.33
64.5088.83
6.36.1
7.76.6
Category of Machine OperatorMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
Table 3.14 Average Wages of Local Construction Workers in Malaysia
General Construction Worker - Building
Concretor
Bricklayer
Plasterer
Tiler
Barbender
Carpenter Formwork
50.9681.4771.53
112.0675.87
110.8980.67
119.0389.01
119.8877.77
111.6982.89
117.91
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
53.7782.0374.37
109.4278.98
111.1584.49
118.5389.05
119.5378.79
111.9082.96
122.81
--
59.5387.2359.4487.2263.3693.9967.4098.9159.7388.7863.6990.69
--
60.7090.6661.6390.0566.1195.0567.8198.9260.6189.1267.1195.68
5.50.74.0
-2.44.10.24.7
-0.40.1
-0.31.30.20.14.2
--
2.03.93.73.24.31.10.60.01.50.45.45.5
Carpenter Joinery
Roofer
Steel Structure Fabricator
General Welder
Plumber Building & Sanitary
Plumber Reticulation
Building Wiring Installer
Electrical Wireman PW2 (RM/month)
Electrical Wireman PW4 (RM/month)
Scaffolder Prefabricated
Scaffolder Tubular
Painter Building
General Construction Worker - Civil
92.13128.29
85.46119.58
89.72128.76
82.75122.40
83.22118.50
88.34128.95
--
1,850.513,075.312,536.613,592.34
82.72117.08
83.19112.60
75.38105.73
57.9085.30
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
88.37128.28
84.65123.28
88.54132.89
86.43124.14
81.30120.86
87.62130.14
--
1,931.332,829.532,502.373,906.04
81.06116.47
80.53119.56
78.68107.71
62.1195.85
71.7399.6366.6291.6370.90
101.3666.9896.5263.0490.5472.88
101.8582.08
112.04----
63.7393.0662.9788.5459.5685.46
--
69.9899.8568.2999.9974.01
108.1970.36
104.9863.3398.2773.68
107.8384.29
117.38----
63.2993.3462.4595.0563.3189.24
--
-4.1-0.0-1.03.1
-1.33.24.51.4
-2.32.0
-0.80.9
--
4.4-8.0-1.48.7
-2.0-0.5-3.26.24.41.97.3
12.4
-2.50.22.59.14.46.75.18.80.58.51.15.92.74.8
----
-0.70.3
-0.87.46.34.4
--
Category of Construction Worker
Category of Construction Worker
Minimum/ Maximum
Wage
Minimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)
Change (%)
Skill Level
Skill Level
Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled (RM/day)
Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled
Skilled
Semi-Skilled
Semi-Skilled
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2014
2014
2014
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
50 51
Source : CIDB
Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelWage Rates of Construction Personnel
Table 3.15 Average Wages of Local Construction Workers in Peninsular Malaysia
Table 3.16 Average Wages of Local Construction Workers in Sabah
General Construction Worker - Building
Concretor
Bricklayer
Plasterer
Tiler
Barbender
Carpenter Formwork
Carpenter Joinery
Roofer
Steel Structure Fabricator
General Welder
Plumber Building & Sanitary
Plumber Reticulation
Building Wiring Installer
Electrical Wireman PW2 (RM/month)
Electrical Wireman PW4 (RM/month)
Scaffolder Prefabricated
51.2783.4869.56
113.6374.50
112.5779.23
121.4387.73
120.9375.82
113.1181.18
119.4890.73
129.7583.64
119.9888.73
130.4382.14
123.7381.86
119.7586.82
129.80--
1,819.453,136.682,487.233,623.41
81.50119.73
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
53.9583.0072.14
109.3477.23
111.8682.82
119.6487.05
119.3676.32
112.2780.36
124.0985.45
128.6482.00
123.2386.73
134.1685.77
124.7378.86
121.3685.05
130.05--
1,914.182,845.362,445.913,993.23
78.64117.86
--
57.6486.5759.2388.4361.7794.0765.9599.8058.0089.0960.9190.0769.4599.3963.9591.1168.00
101.2064.4396.1661.1890.3069.7799.9878.73
111.20----
62.5993.59
--
58.2789.5560.8690.7364.1894.1865.5598.7758.3288.4364.0094.9166.9598.5765.2399.9370.91
108.1167.59
105.0960.8298.3270.00
105.9580.55
116.36----
61.0592.82
5.2-0.63.7
-3.83.7
-0.64.5
-1.5-0.8-1.30.7
-0.7-1.03.9
-5.8-0.9-2.02.7
-2.32.94.40.8
-3.71.4
-2.00.2
--
5.2-9.3-1.710.2-3.5-1.6
--
1.13.42.82.63.90.1
-0.6-1.00.6
-0.75.05.4
-3.6-0.82.09.74.36.84.99.3
-0.68.90.36.02.34.6
----
-2.5-0.8
Scaffolder Tubular
Painter Building
General Construction Worker - Civil
82.45113.34
74.43106.00
56.2785.14
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
78.55120.50
77.32107.36
60.5596.50
61.2788.4158.7085.32
--
59.8295.0062.2788.68
--
-4.76.33.91.37.6
13.4
-2.47.56.14.0
--
General Construction Worker - Building
Concretor
Bricklayer
Plasterer
Tiler
48.8270.3381.84
101.7082.73
101.2085.40
105.5096.33
115.67
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
51.4876.8386.51
108.9787.70
106.8389.53
111.50101.00121.83
--
68.9487.9859.3579.6368.8791.1774.5792.33
--
72.4393.6465.0285.5072.7796.5078.7897.50
5.59.25.77.26.05.64.85.74.85.3
--
5.16.49.67.45.75.95.75.6
Category of Construction Worker
Category of Construction Worker
Category of Construction Worker
Minimum/ Maximum
Wage
Minimum/ Maximum
Wage
Minimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)
Change (%)
Change (%)
Skill Level
Skill Level
Skill Level
Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled (RM/day)
Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled
Skilled
Skilled
Semi-Skilled
Semi-Skilled
Semi-Skilled
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2014
2014
2014
2014
2014
and semi-skilled local construction workers came from general construction worker – building and concretor at RM53.95 and RM58.27 per day respectively. The difference between the daily minimum and maximum wages were between RM29.05 and RM47.43 for skilled
local construction workers, and between RM26.41 and RM37.50 for semi-skilled local construction workers.
In Sabah, all categories of local construction workers registered a positive growth in the average daily wages. An increase between 0.2% and 9.2% were registered in skilled category, and between 4.0% and 9.6% were registered in semi-skilled category. General construction worker – building had the highest growth in the skilled category at 9.2% to RM76.83 per day (2014: RM70.33 per day), while bricklayers had the highest growth in the semi-skilled category at 9.6% to RM65.02 per day (RM59.35 per day). PW2 and PW4 electrical wiremen had the least wage increment in the skilled categories, of which the monthly wages increased between 0.2% and 0.3% (Refer Table 3.16). Under semi-skilled category, carpenter – joinery had the least increment at 4.0% to RM84.37 per day (2014: RM81.15 per day). On average, the daily wages for skilled and semi skilled construction workers in Sabah each increased by 5.6% to RM196.60 per day (2014: RM186.14 per day), and by 6.6% to RM171.56 per day
(2014: RM160.95 per day). While the monthly wages for P2 and P4 electrical wireman increased marginally by 0.2% to RM1,671.50 per month (2014: RM2,666.17 per month).
Plumber – reticulation had the highest daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers in Sabah at RM126.50 and RM113.67 per day respectively. The lowest daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers were the general construction worker - building and bricklayer, which received an average of RM51.48 and RM65.02 per day respectively in 2015. The difference between the minimum and maximum wages stands between RM17.09 and RM32.58 for the skilled construction workers, and between RM14.13 and RM25.31 for semi-skilled construction workers. Sabah had the least difference in the monthly minimum and maximum wages, which ranges from RM5811.16 to RM681.16 per month.
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
52 53
Source : CIDB
Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelWage Rates of Construction Personnel
Barbender
Carpenter - Formwork
Carpenter - Joinery
Roofer
Steel Structure Fabricator
General Welder
Plumber - Building & Sanitary
Plumber - Reticulation
Building Wiring Installer
Electrical Wireman PW2 (RM/month)
Electrical Wireman PW4 (RM/month)
Scaffolder - Prefabricated
Scaffolder - Tubular
Painter - Building
General Construction Worker - Civil
87.33105.00
92.24107.00101.50120.67
93.19116.67
93.68117.67
83.92113.33
96.74112.67
93.05120.67
--
1,970.672,651.332,731.003,311.67
84.51100.33
84.04105.33
79.73101.70
65.1085.33
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
91.50110.83
96.24113.33105.83126.33
97.35122.83
96.72123.83
86.92119.50
99.74118.83
98.22126.50
--
1,975.672,656.832,736.173,317.33
90.14107.50
88.24111.17
85.33107.10
68.5891.17
65.9984.1776.0689.6781.1599.0078.7391.8385.6799.8380.0996.0069.9989.6787.15
107.6797.55
113.33----
65.3389.0069.3785.8360.2084.50
--
70.3990.1781.1095.5084.37
104.5083.2097.3389.74
106.5084.92
102.5072.8995.8390.49
113.67101.95119.67
----
71.3295.1773.4391.8365.3690.67
--
4.85.64.35.94.34.74.55.33.35.23.65.43.15.55.64.8
--
0.30.20.20.26.77.15.05.57.05.35.46.8
6.77.16.66.54.05.65.76.04.86.76.06.84.16.93.85.64.55.6
----
9.26.95.97.08.67.3
--
Category of Construction WorkerMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
As with Sabah, all categories of construction workers under skilled and semi-skilled in Sarawak posted a positive increase in the average daily wage rates. General construction worker – building and bricklayer had the highest growth at 8.7% to RM53.97 per day (2014: RM49.63 per day) and 7.8% to RM66.67 per day (2014: RM61.83 per day) respectively. For skilled category, PW2 and PW4 electrical wireman had the least wage increase after the monthly wages registered an increase between 0.1% and 0.2% (Table 3.17). For the semi-skilled category, carpenter – joinery had
Sarawak were still the highest compared with the wages in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah.
Plumber - reticulation and building wiring installer were the highest earner for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers with an average daily wages of RM134.83 and RM126.33 per day. In contrast, general construction worker - building and painter building was the lowest earner for skilled and semi-skilled category
the least increase of 1.7% to RM88.83 per day (2014: RM87.37 per day). On average, daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers in Sarawak each registered an increase of 5.5% to RM202.90 per day (2014: RM192.29 per day), and 6.3% to RM182.60 per day (2014: RM171.86 per day). Among the 3 regions in Malaysia, Sarawak had the least increment of monthly wages for P2 and P4 electrical wireman after an average increase of 0.1% to RM2,832.24 per month (2014: RM2,828.20 per month). However, the average monthly wages for P2 and P4 electrical wireman in
with an average daily wages of RM53.97 and RM72.67 per day. In 2015, the difference between the minimum and maximum wages ranges between RM11.50 and RM29.46 for skilled construction workers, and between RM16.31 and RM25.22 for semi-skilled construction workers. The difference between the monthly minimum and maximum wages were between RM646.05 and RM752.41.
Table 3.17 Average Wages of Local Construction Workers in Sarawak
General Construction Worker - Building
Concretor
Bricklayer
Plasterer
Tiler
Barbender
Carpenter - Formwork
Carpenter - Joinery
Roofer
Steel Structure Fabricator
General Welder
Plumber - Building & Sanitary
Plumber - Reticulation
Building Wiring Installer
Electrical Wireman PW2 (RM/month)
Electrical Wireman PW4 (RM/month)
49.6370.5882.82
105.1084.03
102.1691.87
106.1295.77
112.5189.67
102.7592.37
111.5898.17
119.9297.84
118.0896.65
121.4288.28
116.9284.57
110.58100.37127.92
--
2,071.922,824.202,885.423,531.25
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
53.9776.5086.82
110.7089.53
107.6597.87
113.3399.20
119.0093.33
108.8398.24
118.17103.04126.33101.08124.33100.30128.00
93.20122.33
89.67117.33105.37134.83
--
2,075.672,828.082,889.583,535.63
--
71.0093.7561.8381.5075.3795.9276.1995.7572.4589.9281.8698.5887.37
102.9283.7897.0888.10
104.5881.92
101.0476.5694.0892.74
116.58103.49119.92
----
--
75.67100.00
66.6787.1780.62
103.1781.75
102.0076.0095.6787.36
104.3388.83
109.3387.02
103.3392.43
110.6786.27
106.2781.40
100.1797.41
122.63107.85126.33
----
8.78.44.85.36.65.46.56.83.65.84.15.96.45.95.05.43.35.33.85.45.64.66.06.15.05.4
--
0.20.10.10.1
--
6.66.77.87.07.07.67.36.54.96.46.75.81.76.23.96.44.95.85.35.26.36.55.05.24.25.4
----
Category of Construction WorkerMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
54 55
Source : CIDB
Wage Rates of Construction Personnel Wage Rates of Construction Personnel
IBS Component InstallerIn Malaysia, system formwork installers had both the highest and lowest wages under skilled IBS component installers at RM145.24 and RM87.95 per day. While IBS lightweight panel installers and roof truss installers - (wood) each had the highest and lowest wages under semi-skilled IBS component installers at RM113.56 and RM71.65 per day. All categories of IBS component installers registered positive increase in wages, which ranges between 1.5% and 8.3% under skilled IBS
In Peninsular Malaysia, system formwork installers had also the highest and lowest wages under IBS component installers at RM147.14 and RM85.18 per day. Under semi-skilled IBS component installers, roof trust installers - (light gauge steel) and roof trust installers - (wood) had the highest and lowest average wages at RM109.55 and RM67.91 per day. All categories of skilled IBS component installers registered positive growth in wages, except for IBS precast concrete installers (-0.2%) and IBS lightweight panel installers (-3.1%). At the same time, skilled IBS precast concrete installers had the highest wage growth of 5.3% to RM93.59 per day (2014: RM88.86 per day) under the maximum section. Under the semi-skilled category, system formwork installers
component installer; and between 7.0% and 15.1% under semi-skilled IBS component installer. Overall, semi-skilled IBS component installer fared better with average wage increase of 11.2% to RM91.81 per day (2014: RM82.57 per day); against average wage increase of 5.8% to RM115.66 per day (2014: RM109.36 per day) by skilled IBS component installers. The difference between the minimum and maximum wages was between RM31.13 and RM57.29 for skilled and semi-skilled IBS component installers.
had the highest growth of 12.1% to RM72.14 per day (2014: RM64.36 per day), while IBS lightweight panel installers had the least growth of 0.3% to RM109.32 per day (2014: RM109.00 per day). Overall, Peninsular Malaysia had lower average wages of IBS component installers, compared with Sabah and Sarawak. An average increase of 1.8% to RM112.84 per day (2014: RM110.85 per day) were registered for skilled IBS component installers; while an average increase of 6.5% to RM88.36 per day (2014: RM82.97 per day) were registered for semi-skilled IBS component installers. The difference between the minimum and maximum wages was between RM40.41 and RM61.96 for skilled IBS component installers, and RM32.68 and RM40.69 for semi-skilled IBS component installers.
All categories of IBS component installers had substantially higher wages in Sabah, compared with Peninsular Malaysia. IBS precast concrete installers had the highest wages under both skilled and semi-skilled category with RM188.50 and RM142.00 per day respectively. While the lowest wages came from skilled system formwork installers at 98.83 per day and semi-skilled roof truss installers - (light steel gauge) at RM88.83 per day. Significant growths were registered under the semi-skilled IBS component installers. Under the semi-skilled category, lightweight blockwall installers grew more than half at 53.6% to RM118.17
per day (2014: RM76.92 per day), against IBS lightweight panel installers which had the least growth of 27.4% to RM103.83 per day (2014: RM81.50 per day). Under the skilled category, roof truss installers - (wood) and system formwork installers had the highest and lowest growth at 42.8% to RM134.67 per day (2014: RM94.31 per day), and at 17.0% to RM98.83 per day (2014: RM84.50 per day). Overall, Sabah had higher average wage in semi-skilled IBS component installers, which grew by 38.1% to RM110.89 per day (2014: RM80.32 per day), against a growth of 29.6% to RM131.35 per day (2014: RM101.37 per day) by skilled
Source : CIDB
IBS Precast Concrete Installers
IBS Lightweight Panel Installers
Lightweight BlockWall Installers
System Formwork Installers
Roof Truss Installers - (Wood)
Roof Truss Installers - (Light Steel Gauge)
91.45145.31
87.92137.45
85.72121.64
82.58134.29
85.03123.42
86.65130.84
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
99.05150.67
93.96139.46
90.38128.03
87.95145.24
91.87131.12
91.19139.04
69.35104.88
67.73107.73
63.3791.9764.8799.7662.2494.4963.08
101.40
78.60112.27
76.44113.56
71.83102.96
75.44111.05
71.65105.51
72.27110.13
8.33.76.91.55.45.36.58.28.16.25.26.3
13.47.0
12.95.4
13.412.016.311.315.111.714.6
8.6
Category of IBS Component InstallerMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
Table 3.18 Average Wages of IBS Component Installers in Malaysia
Source : CIDB
IBS Precast Concrete Installers
IBS Lightweight Panel Installers
Lightweight BlockWall Installers
System Formwork Installers
Roof Truss Installers - (Wood)
Roof Truss Installers - (Light Steel Gauge)
88.86144.45
85.68139.09
86.00126.18
82.64140.68
85.68128.09
87.09135.73
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
93.59144.18
88.32134.73
86.68127.09
85.18147.14
89.05130.84
88.41138.84
66.82104.73
65.45109.00
62.4594.4164.36
101.8261.0097.8262.32
105.41
72.41107.00
71.09109.32
68.18100.86
72.14108.45
67.91104.59
68.86109.55
5.3-0.23.1
-3.10.80.73.14.63.92.21.52.3
8.42.28.60.39.26.8
12.16.5
11.36.9
10.53.9
Category of IBS Component InstallerMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
Table 3.19 Average Wages of IBS Component Installers in Peninsular Malaysia
Scaffolder - Prefabricated
Scaffolder - Tubular
Painter - Building
General Construction Worker - Civil
94.33104.67
90.39111.75
81.51106.83
68.6387.08
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
98.67110.17
94.67117.67
87.04112.18
72.8693.33
74.6791.2575.2792.7568.3387.92
--
80.0097.3080.4498.8372.6794.00
--
4.65.34.75.36.85.06.27.2
7.16.66.96.66.36.9
--
Category of Construction WorkerMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
56 57
Source : CIDB
Wage Rates of Construction Personnel Wage Rates of Construction Personnel
IBS component installers. The difference between the minimum and maximum wages was between RM27.34 and RM59.83 for skilled IBS component installers, and
RM23.66 and RM35.34 for semi-skilled IBS component installers.
IBS component installers also enjoyed higher wages in Sarawak, with all categories registered positive increase in daily wages. Similar with Sabah, IBS precast concrete installers had the highest wages under both skilled and semi-skilled category with RM184.17 and RM140.50 per day respectively. While the lowest wages came from skilled system formwork installers at RM107.50 per day and semi-skilled lightweight blockwall installers at RM93.00 per day. IBS precast concrete installers had also the lowest growth both under skilled (20.5%) and semi-skilled category (30.7%). While the highest growth came from skilled roof truss installers - (wood) at 40.4% to RM110.67 per day
(2014: RM78.83 per day) and skilled system formwork installers at 44.1% to RM94.83 per day (2014: RM65.83 per day). Overall, Sarawak had higher average wage in semi-skilled IBS component installers, which grew by 37.4% to RM110.64 per day (2014: RM80.50 per day), against a growth of 29.8% to RM131.09 per day (2014: RM100.96 per day) by skilled IBS component installers.The difference between the minimum and maximum wages was between RM17.50 and RM54.67 for skilled IBS component installers, and at lesser variance for semi-skilled IBS component installers at between RM13.00 and RM30.00.
Source : CIDB
IBS Precast Concrete Installers
IBS Lightweight Panel Installers
Lightweight BlockWall Installers
System Formwork Installers
Roof Truss Installers - (Wood)
Roof Truss Installers - (Light Steel Gauge)
109.33147.14102.33127.33
85.0095.5084.5098.1484.0094.3186.00
102.81
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
128.67188.50127.17167.83108.83136.17
98.83136.83104.17134.67101.83142.67
86.67103.97
81.5099.9769.5076.9269.5086.6769.5073.5668.1777.89
114.83142.00103.83139.17
90.83118.17
92.33125.83
89.17112.83
88.83112.83
17.728.124.331.828.042.617.039.424.042.818.438.8
32.536.627.439.230.753.632.945.228.353.430.344.9
IBS Precast Concrete Installers
IBS Lightweight Panel Installers
102.00152.83
98.17129.50
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
129.50184.17122.83163.17
79.83107.50
79.00101.50
110.50140.50107.83134.67
27.020.525.126.0
38.430.736.532.7
Category of IBS Component Installer
Category of IBS Component Installer
Minimum/ Maximum
Wage
Minimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)
Change (%)
Skill Level
Skill Level
Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled (RM/day)
Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled
Skilled
Semi-Skilled
Semi-Skilled
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2014
2014
2014
Table 3.20 Average Wages of IBS Component Installers in Sabah
Table 3.21 Average Wages of IBS Component Installers in Sarawak
Wage Rates of Foreign Construction Workers
Construction Machinery OperatorsIn 2015, semi-skilled machinery operators fared better than skilled machinery operators with an average wage increase of 6.4% and 2.3% respectively. Tower crane operators had the highest wages in the skilled and semi-skilled category each at RM128.55 and RM107.28 per day, while forklift truck operators had the lowest wages in the skilled and semi-skilled category each at RM58.99 and RM51.81 per day. Tower crane operators had the largest difference between the minimum and maximum wages for both skilled and semi-skilled machinery operators at RM52.92 and RM43.14. The least difference between the minimum and maximum wages for both skilled and semi-skilled machinery operators came from
roller operators at RM27.72 and RM24.47.
For skilled machinery operators, the highest growth in wages came from backhoe loader operators after an increase of 8.9% to RM67.13 per day (2014: RM61.65 per day). At the same time, 5 categories saw a contraction in growth of wages (Forklift truck operators: -7.8%; tower crane operators: -6.5%; mobile crane operators: -5.3%; crawler crane operators: -1.7%; and roller operators: -0.8%). For semi-skilled machinery operators, 4 categories experienced a double-digit growth in wages (Forklift truck operators: 15.2%; slinger/dogger operators: 12.3%; tower crane operators: 11.7%; roller/compactor operators at 13.2% and 10.2%). Only semi-skilled forklift truck operators had a contraction of 3.1% to RM51.81 per day (2014: RM53.46 per day). The other categories saw a range of wage increase from 0.3% to 9.6%.
Lightweight BlockWall Installers
System Formwork Installers
Roof Truss Installers - (Wood)
Roof Truss Installers - (Light Steel Gauge)
83.3397.8380.00
100.1778.83
101.1782.50
105.17
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
112.67130.17107.50132.83110.67130.67111.17137.67
67.3380.1765.8390.1768.6778.8366.3380.83
93.00110.83
94.83124.83
95.33108.33
93.17113.83
35.233.134.432.640.429.234.830.9
38.138.344.138.538.837.440.540.8
Excavator
Pile Riggers
Off Road Truck Operators
Backhoe Loader Operators
Roller Operators
--
66.05100.11
61.2492.0561.6594.4964.2194.94
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
--
70.29103.23
65.4195.1067.1398.7366.4594.17
63.2199.1353.3581.3849.6974.76
--
48.2170.26
64.76100.22
56.2885.9254.4681.73
--
50.9075.37
--
6.43.16.83.38.94.53.5
-0.8
2.41.15.55.69.69.3
--
5.67.3
Category of IBS Component Installer
Category of Machine Operator
Minimum/ Maximum
Wage
Minimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)
Change (%)
Skill Level
Skill Level
Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled (RM/day)
Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled
Skilled
Semi-Skilled
Semi-Skilled
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2014
2014
2014
Table 3.22 Average Wages of Foreign Machine Operators in Malaysia
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
58 59
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelWage Rates of Construction Personnel
Table 3.23 Average Wages of Foreign Machine Operators in Peninsular Malaysia
Excavator
Pile Riggers
Off Road Truck Operators
Backhoe Loader Operators
Roller Operators
Roller/Compactor Operators
Scrapper Operators
Motor Grader Operators
Wheel Loader Operators
Paver Operators
Mobile Crane Operators
Crawler Crane Operators
Tower Crane Operators
Forklift Truck Operators
Slinger/Dogger Operators
--
66.6898.9161.6690.7361.8493.4564.0593.9558.9193.1462.6192.9366.7794.0266.1494.1868.1496.3079.09
118.6879.09
112.2081.77
120.8264.6688.6165.0989.27
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
--
70.45102.05
65.6494.1467.6197.5566.9592.6861.4195.9366.1898.6667.7797.0067.8697.4569.4597.8480.09
114.5578.73
112.2777.50
126.5061.2893.1468.1893.09
63.2098.0253.3081.6149.7373.89
--
48.0769.8648.1172.0952.4176.84
--
53.0975.9552.6877.9162.3288.0260.0985.0764.6895.7553.5572.2352.9572.95
64.8698.4555.9785.3654.3679.05
--
50.9374.7752.1881.3256.1682.14
--
55.8480.3254.9881.0964.0990.3661.3689.8664.68
104.6851.4182.2756.2781.05
--
5.73.26.53.89.34.44.5
-1.44.23.05.76.21.53.22.63.51.91.61.3
-3.5-0.50.1
-5.24.7
-5.25.14.84.3
2.60.45.04.69.37.0
--
6.07.08.5
12.87.26.9
--
5.25.84.44.12.82.72.15.60.09.3
-4.013.9
6.311.1
Category of Machine OperatorMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
Foreign machinery operators had the least amount of growth in wages at Peninsular Malaysia, compared with Sabah and Sarawak. In Peninsular Malaysia, foreign personnel had an average wage increase of 2.5% to RM85.07 per day (2014: RM82.99 per day) and 5.7% to RM71.30 per day (2014: RM67.48 per day) under the skilled and semi-skilled category of machinery operators.
Under the skilled and semi-skilled category, tower crane operators earned the highest wages each at RM126.50 and RM104.68 per day, while forklift truck operators earned the lowest wages each at RM61.28 and RM51.41 per day. The largest difference in minimum and maximum wages were registered under tower crane operators at RM49.00 and RM40.00 for both skilled and semi-skilled machine operators. Skilled slinger/dogger operator and semi-skilled roller operators had the least difference between the minimum and maximum wages at RM24.91 and RM23.84 respectively.
For skilled machinery operators, backhoe loader operator had the highest growth of wages at 9.3% to RM67.61 per day (2014: RM61.84 per day). All categories under the skilled machine operators registered positive increase in their respective wages except for crawler crane operators (-0.5%); roller operators (-1.4%); mobile crane operators (-3.5%); tower crane operators (-5.2%); and forklift truck operators (-5.2%).
For semi-skilled machinery operators, roller/compactor operators had the highest growth of wages at 12.8% to RM81.32 per day (2014: RM72.09 per day). The only reduction of wages under this category came from forklift truck operators, which saw their daily wages decline by 4.0% to RM51.41 per day (2014: RM53.55 per day). On an interesting note, wages for semi-skilled tower crane operators remain unchanged at 64.68 per day in 2015.
Roller/Compactor Operators
Scrapper Operators
Motor Grader Operators
Wheel Loader Operators
Paver Operators
Mobile Crane Operators
Crawler Crane Operators
Tower Crane Operators
Forklift Truck Operators
Slinger/Dogger Operators
58.4094.3561.5493.8666.1295.2366.3296.1767.4997.0679.35
122.8979.08
113.5980.88
123.4163.9789.0064.8190.65
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
60.8898.3864.94
100.2866.6898.0067.9799.1568.4299.6979.63
116.3777.74
113.8375.63
128.5558.9994.2267.3794.50
47.7872.8352.7877.17
--
53.2376.7652.6578.4162.5390.2659.9185.5263.9596.0453.4671.7452.3172.53
52.6382.4157.0883.19
--
56.4681.7855.2682.6964.2891.9061.1890.5064.14
107.2851.8182.6755.9981.45
4.34.35.56.80.92.92.53.11.42.70.4
-5.3-1.70.2
-6.54.2
-7.85.94.04.3
10.213.2
8.27.8
--
6.16.65.05.52.81.82.15.80.3
11.7-3.115.2
7.012.3
Category of Machine OperatorMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
Foreign machinery operators enjoyed the highest growth of wages in Sabah, against Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. However, foreign machinery operators in Sabah also earned considerable lesser wages against the other two regions. An average increase of 7.8% to RM73.40 per day (2014: RM68.06 per day) and 9.1% to RM55.69 per day (2014: RM51.05 per day) were registered for skilled and semi-skilled foreign machinery operators respectively in 2015.
For skilled machinery operators, the highest and lowest wages came from crawler crane operators at RM102.60 per day and motor grader operators at RM51.33 per day. For semi-skilled machinery operators, excavator and forklift truck operators had the highest and lowest wages at RM82.50 and RM40.17 per day each. The difference between the minimum and maximum wages varies from RM5.02 to RM26.50 for skilled machinery operators and from RM14.24 to RM26.67 for semi-skilled machinery operators.
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
60 61
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelWage Rates of Construction Personnel
Excavator
Pile Riggers
Off Road Truck Operators
Backhoe Loader Operators
Roller Operators
Roller/Compactor Operators
Scrapper Operators
Motor Grader Operators
Wheel Loader Operators
Paver Operators
Mobile Crane Operators
Crawler Crane Operators
Tower Crane Operators
Forklift Truck Operators
Slinger/Dogger Operators
--
59.5074.1156.1866.6253.0069.8356.5069.6759.8874.3355.0070.7848.6770.5051.8370.0055.4568.2178.6295.0179.6795.0179.0794.0054.6771.7054.6773.33
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
--
60.6781.3359.8573.3371.6576.6759.6776.3361.5782.8356.1778.5051.3377.8354.0077.1757.2975.3380.83
102.1082.00
102.6081.92
101.6056.3379.5056.0080.67
55.1773.5041.0053.0039.8352.17
--
42.0752.3742.0851.9839.3353.70
--
41.0054.3338.8354.1853.0064.3354.0063.8349.5068.5037.8353.8342.5055.33
55.8382.5042.1760.8340.3359.67
--
44.5958.8343.7559.8340.6761.50
--
43.1760.1741.0060.8353.6773.0055.6773.3353.3375.5040.1760.6744.3362.67
--
2.09.76.5
10.135.2
9.85.69.62.8
11.42.1
10.95.5
10.44.2
10.23.3
10.42.87.52.98.03.68.13.1
10.92.4
10.0
1.212.2
2.914.8
1.314.4
--
6.012.3
4.015.1
3.414.5
--
5.310.7
5.612.3
1.313.5
3.114.9
7.710.2
6.212.7
4.313.3
Excavator
Pile Riggers
Off Road Truck Operators
Backhoe Loader Operators
Roller Operators
Roller/Compactor Operators
Scrapper Operators
Motor Grader Operators
Wheel Loader Operators
Paver Operators
Mobile Crane Operators
Crawler Crane Operators
Tower Crane Operators
Forklift Truck Operators
Slinger/Dogger Operators
--
65.4686.9870.1791.8363.9283.0064.5288.0067.8395.1784.9296.8373.62
104.9968.1798.1779.0598.5082.58
106.0685.08
104.2386.75
113.8362.2582.5059.9283.67
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
--
70.3393.1775.2297.5068.8388.5069.5093.1772.08
100.8389.17
102.5077.44
110.8372.50
103.8384.64
104.1787.50
112.1790.67
109.7091.83
121.1767.5088.5064.5089.17
69.2598.8356.8972.2958.5079.67
--
50.7578.8956.7289.5069.0689.33
--
59.5882.1167.2387.8369.7287.3369.5387.1770.2390.1750.5871.0049.2671.50
74.33104.60
61.3878.0962.4982.80
--
56.5084.3960.8195.0071.5094.83
--
64.1789.8370.6693.5075.0792.8374.3392.6774.5095.8355.5076.2554.3477.17
--
7.47.17.26.27.76.67.75.9
6.36.05.05.95.25.66.45.87.15.86.05.86.65.35.96.48.47.37.76.6
7.35.87.98.06.83.9
--
11.37.07.26.23.56.2
--
7.79.45.16.57.76.36.96.36.16.39.77.4
10.37.9
Category of Machine Operator
Category of Machine Operator
Minimum/ Maximum
Wage
Minimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)
Change (%)
Skill Level
Skill Level
Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled (RM/day)
Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled
Skilled
Semi-Skilled
Semi-Skilled
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2014
2014
2014
Foreign machinery operators had the most amount of wages, and stable growth in Sarawak, against Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah. Skilled machine operators saw their average wages rise by 6.3% to RM89.18 per day (2014: RM83.86 per day), while semi-
skilled machine operators saw their average wages rise by 6.9% to RM77.44 per day (2014: RM72.42 per day).
The highest wages came from skilled tower crane operators and semi-skilled excavator at RM121.17 and
RM104.60 per day. The lowest wages for both skilled and semi-skilled categories came from slinger/dogger operators each at RM64.50 and RM54.34 per day. Under skilled machine operators, RM13.33 to RM33.39 in difference was registered between minimum and maximum wages. At the same time, RM16.71 to RM34.19 in difference between minimum and maximum wages was registered under semi-skilled
machinery operators.
All categories of local machinery operators register an increase in wages ranging from 3.9% to 11.3%. The highest increase in wages were skilled forklift truck operators at 8.4% to RM67.50 per day (2014: RM62.25 per day), and semi-skilled roller operators at 11.3% to RM56.50 per day (2014: RM50.75 per day).
Table 3.24 Average Wages of Foreign Machine Operators in Sabah
All categories of machinery operators registered an increase in their respective wages, ranging from 1.2% to 35.2%. Skilled backhoe loader operators and semi-skilled crawler crane operators had the highest growth
of wages at 35.2% to RM71.65 per day (2014: RM53.00 per day) and 14.9% to RM73.33 per day (2014: RM63.83 per day) respectively.
Table 3.25 Average Wages of Foreign Machine Operators in Sarawak
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
62 63
Source : CIDB
Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelWage Rates of Construction Personnel
Construction WorkersOverall, foreign construction workers had firm increase of wages. In 2015, the average wages of foreign skilled and semi-skilled construction workers in Malaysia increase by 2.5% to RM160.51 per day (2014: RM156.55 per day), and by 4.4% to RM137.67 per day (2014: RM131.83 per day) respectively. While the average monthly wages for PW2 and PW4 electrical wireman falls by 1.4% to RM2,193.98 per month (2014: RM2,224.68 per month).
The highest paid skilled construction worker was general welder with RM109.51 per day. Under the same category, general construction worker – building was the lowest earner with RM45.25 per day. For semi-skilled construction worker, building wiring installer and barbender had the highest and lowest wages at RM100.86 and RM50.77 per day respectively. The difference between the daily minimum and maximum wages range from RM24.95 to RM34.28 for skilled
construction workers, and from RM20.87 to RM30.83 for semi-skilled construction workers. The difference between the monthly minimum and maximum wages range from RM683.22 to RM1,108.56.
The highest growth in wages came from skilled general construction worker - civil after an increase of 11.0% to RM78.19 per day (2014: RM70.43 per day) and semi-skilled steel structure fabricator after an increase of 12.5% to RM92.35 per day (2014: RM82.11 per day). Reduction in the minimum and maximum wages was observed in 7 from 40 sections under foreign skilled construction worker, and varies from 0.3% to 11.1%. The largest contraction came from electrical wireman PW2 with a reduction of 11.1% to RM2,230.96 per month (2014: RM2,509.00 per month). At the same time, only scaffolder - prefabricated (-2.8%) were the only category affected under semi-skilled construction worker.
Table 3.26 Average Wages of Foreign Construction Workers in Malaysia
Plumber - Building & Sanitary
Plumber - Reticulation
Building Wiring Installer
Electrical Wireman PW2 (RM/month)
Electrical Wireman PW4 (RM month)
Scaffolder - Prefabricated
Scaffolder - Tubular
Painter - Building
General Construction Worker - Civil
66.8396.6574.08
104.49--
1,455.642,509.001,891.243,043.57
66.49101.44
66.8896.9561.6790.7848.2770.43
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
66.90100.78
75.16107.46
--
1,547.742,230.961,944.323,052.88
66.8697.2565.7897.9265.7091.8853.2378.19
53.4177.4659.9384.0068.0098.83
----
54.8481.8551.8375.5548.5771.42
--
55.0083.7862.1890.2671.76
100.86----
56.9179.5554.2680.5652.4674.29
--
0.14.31.52.8
--
6.3-11.1
2.80.30.6
-4.1-1.71.06.51.2
10.311.0
3.08.23.87.55.52.1
----
3.8-2.84.76.68.04.0
--
General Construction Worker - Building
Concretor
Bricklayer
Plasterer
Tiler
Barbender
Carpenter - Formwork
Carpenter - Joinery
Roofer
Steel Structure Fabricator
General Welder
42.2967.7759.0591.4161.0893.0166.5497.8570.55
102.1862.6392.7966.6093.1976.01
105.2271.1597.2676.35
104.5870.11
101.15
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
45.2570.5463.4392.8064.8593.7171.4398.2971.60
101.4065.2290.1768.9095.7775.81
103.2872.30
101.8277.68
109.4675.23
109.51
--
48.7275.8348.7272.1652.5080.0355.2882.0047.7771.4355.5476.9659.3084.2655.3678.0857.5082.1158.4679.79
--
50.8177.7253.3674.7457.4681.7457.2283.7350.7774.9059.1279.9960.9584.3257.4584.3461.5292.3561.0887.15
7.04.17.41.56.20.87.40.51.5
-0.84.1
-2.83.52.8
-0.3-1.81.64.71.74.77.38.3
--
4.32.59.53.69.42.23.52.16.34.96.43.92.80.13.88.07.0
12.54.59.2
Category of Construction Worker
Category of Construction Worker
Minimum/ Maximum
Wage
Minimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)
Change (%)
Skill Level
Skill Level
Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled (RM/day)
Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled
Skilled
Semi-Skilled
Semi-Skilled
2015
2015
2015
2015
2014
2014
2014
2014Peninsular Malaysia was the only region which had contractions of wages in the categories under the skilled and semi-skilled category of foreign construction workers. Average contractions of 3.2% were registered from 11 out 40 sections in the skilled category. Compared with Sabah and Sarawak, Peninsular Malaysia had also the least growth and lesser amount of wages of foreign construction workers. Semi-skilled construction workers had better wage increment at 3.9% to RM133.89 per day (2014: RM128.89 per day), than skilled construction workers which grew by 1.8% to RM157.59 per day (2014: RM154.80 per day). While average wages of P2 and P4 electrical wireman declines by 1.7% to RM2,197.09 per month (2014: RM2,234.49 per month).
General welder and building wiring installer had the highest daily wages of skilled and semi-skilled local construction workers at RM108.61 and RM97.86 per day respectively. While the lowest daily wages of skilled and semi-skilled local construction workers came from general construction worker – building and concretor
at RM44.77 and RM48.41 per day respectively. The difference between the daily minimum and maximum wages were between RM26.02 and RM36.25 for skilled construction workers, and between RM21.64 and RM33.18 for semi-skilled construction workers. The difference between the average monthly minimum and maximum wages were most obvious in Peninsular Malaysia, which ranges between RM659.59 and RM1,163.41.
For the skilled category, general construction worker – civil and PW2 electrical wireman had the highest and lowest growth of wages at 11.9% to RM77.84 per day (2014: RM69.59 per day) and at -12.9% to RM2,217.95 per month (2014: RM2,547.41 per month). For semi-skilled category, steel structure fabricator and scaffolder - prefabricated had the highest and lowest growth of wages at 13.9% to RM91.45 per day (2014: RM80.32 per day) and at -4.6% to RM77.55 per day (2014: RM81.27 per day).
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
64 65
Source : CIDB
Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelWage Rates of Construction Personnel
General Construction Worker - Building
Concretor
Bricklayer
Plasterer
Tiler
Barbender
Carpenter - Formwork
Carpenter - Joinery
Roofer
Steel Structure Fabricator
General Welder
Plumber - Building & Sanitary
Plumber - Reticulation
Building Wiring Installer
Electrical Wireman PW2 (RM/month)
Electrical Wireman PW4 (RM/month)
Scaffolder - Prefabricated
Scaffolder - Tubular
Painter - Building
General Construction Worker - Civil
41.9169.0756.5090.8460.7394.4865.5098.0068.77
102.8460.3093.4364.1492.6873.73
104.8068.8696.1873.73
103.7067.3299.8064.5996.4571.00
102.61--
1,450.552,547.411,862.363,077.64
65.23102.86
65.3097.0960.1690.7346.8269.59
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
44.7771.2761.0591.4164.2394.2770.2797.2769.23
100.9162.5989.2365.9194.7372.77
101.3669.59
100.4574.59
108.4172.36
108.6164.00
100.2371.34
105.05--
1,558.362,217.951,924.323,087.73
64.9196.8663.0997.0964.0090.9551.8277.84
--
46.5975.5248.1872.8951.7778.8053.7381.2045.8670.5052.5575.0756.9582.7553.3676.5254.4180.3255.9877.4552.0076.6656.5081.4364.0996.52
----
53.4581.2749.9574.5747.1170.64
--
--
48.4176.6852.6874.9156.5579.6855.2782.1448.5073.5055.9577.5958.2781.7755.1482.8958.2791.4558.3285.0953.2083.0558.1487.9567.5997.86
----
55.0977.5552.0579.3650.7372.95
--
6.83.28.10.65.8
-0.27.3
-0.70.7
-1.93.8
-4.52.82.2
-1.3-3.31.14.41.24.57.58.8
-0.93.90.52.4
--
7.4-12.9
3.30.3
-0.5-5.8-3.40.06.40.3
10.711.9
--
3.91.59.32.89.21.12.91.25.84.36.53.42.3
-1.23.38.37.1
13.94.29.92.38.32.98.05.51.4
----
3.1-4.64.26.47.73.3
--
Category of Machine OperatorMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
Table 3.27 Average Wages of Foreign Construction Workers in Peninsular Malaysia Foreign construction workers had a higher growth of wages in Sabah against Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak. On average, the daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers in Sabah each increased by 6.1% to RM173.84 per day (2014: RM163.79 per day), and by 7.1% to RM154.41 per day (2014: RM144.14 per day). While the monthly wages for P2 and P4 electrical wireman increased marginally by 0.3% to RM2,117.58 per month (2014: RM2,111.99 per month).
Plumber – reticulation and building wiring installer had the highest daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers at RM116.00 and RM112.17 per day respectively. The lowest daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers were the general construction worker - building and bricklayer, which received an average of RM47.47 and RM55.33 per day respectively in 2015. The difference between the minimum and maximum daily wages stands between RM14.05 and RM26.92 for the skilled construction
workers, and between RM16.11 and RM28.17 for semi-skilled construction workers. The difference between the monthly minimum and maximum wages were between RM761.83 and RM805.52.
All categories of foreign construction workers registered a positive growth in the average daily wages. An increase between 0.2% and 10.2% were registered in skilled category, and between 3.9% and 10.7% were registered in semi-skilled category. General construction worker – building had the highest growth in the skilled category at 10.2% to RM66.83 per day (2014: RM60.67 per day), while bricklayers had the highest growth in the semi-skilled category at 10.7% to RM55.33 per day (RM50.00 per day). PW2 and PW4 electrical wiremen had the least wage increment in the skilled categories, of which the monthly wages increased by an average of 0.3% (Table 3.28). Under semi-skilled category, carpenter – joinery had the least increment at 3.9% to RM72.89 per day (2014: RM70.16 per day).
Table 3.28 Average Wages of Foreign Construction Workers in Sabah
General Construction Worker - Building
Concretor
Bricklayer
Plasterer
Tiler
Barbender
Carpenter - Formwork
Carpenter - Joinery
Roofer
Steel Structure Fabricator
General Welder
44.3060.6771.9591.8063.3385.3370.2295.5079.1798.0075.7988.3379.7793.3386.25
107.3381.4599.3388.24
106.6782.20
106.33
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
47.4766.8375.4397.3068.5090.6774.58
101.5083.67
103.1780.1294.1784.6098.8389.65
113.5085.25
105.3390.74
112.1788.46
112.50
--
59.0376.0050.0065.2755.9184.0062.9583.5056.3876.5069.9984.1770.1690.1763.8584.1771.9290.6769.9990.50
--
62.3681.8355.3371.5061.3389.5066.9889.1761.5182.5073.7289.8372.8995.8368.1989.6777.0296.8374.0696.83
7.210.2
4.86.08.26.36.26.35.75.35.76.66.15.94.05.84.76.02.85.27.65.8
--
5.77.7
10.79.69.76.66.46.89.17.85.36.73.96.36.86.57.16.85.87.0
Category of Construction WorkerMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
66 67
Source : CIDB
Wage Rates of Construction PersonnelWage Rates of Construction Personnel
In Sarawak, all categories of foreign construction workers under skilled and semi-skilled posted a positive increase in the average daily wages. The daily wages for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers in Sarawak each registered an increase of 6.4% to RM179.38 per day (2014: RM168.56 per day), and 7.0% to RM162.54 per day (2014: RM151.84 per day). Among the 3 regions in Malaysia, Sarawak had the least increment of monthly wages for P2 and P4 electrical wireman after registered an average increase of 0.2% to RM2,236.10 per month (2014: RM2,231.83 per month).
Plumber - reticulation and building wiring installer were the highest earner for skilled and semi-skilled construction workers each with an average daily wages of RM125.47 and RM122.50 per day. In contrast, general construction worker - building and concretor were the lowest earner for skilled and semi-skilled category each with an average daily wages of RM48.27 and RM58.80 per day. In 2015, the difference between
the minimum and maximum daily wages range between RM17.30 and RM27.39 for skilled construction workers, and between RM16.01 and RM33.07 for semi-skilled construction workers. The difference between the monthly minimum and maximum wages were between RM820.75 and RM852.03.
Skilled general construction worker – building had the highest growth at 9.2% to RM66.17 per day (2014: RM60.58 per day). Under the semi-skilled category, plasterer (11.4%), painter – building (10.9%) and bricklayer (10.2%) enjoyed the most increased in wages after posting a double-digit growth. For skilled category, PW2 and PW4 electrical wireman had the least wage increase after the monthly wages registered an average increase of 0.2% (Table 3.29). For the semi-skilled category, steel structure fabricator had the least increase of 4.8% to RM97.69 per day (2014: RM93.21 per day).
Plumber - Building & Sanitary
Plumber - Reticulation
Building Wiring Installer
Electrical Wireman PW2 (RM/month)
Electrical Wireman PW4 (RM/month)
79.2598.6788.91
110.00--
1,434.782,241.332,005.332,766.50
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
82.37105.00
94.20116.00
--
1,440.982,246.502,010.502,772.33
59.6680.3376.2596.6786.95
106.67----
62.8386.1782.19
101.0092.07
112.17----
4.06.46.05.5
--
0.40.20.30.2
5.37.37.84.55.95.2
----
Category of Construction WorkerMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
Table 3.29 Average Wages of Foreign Construction Workers in Sarawak
General Construction Worker - Building
Concretor
Bricklayer
44.4360.5874.1697.2562.6784.50
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
48.2766.1777.66
103.6768.0290.50
--
61.8379.0053.3871.00
--
65.7185.0058.8076.17
8.69.24.76.68.57.1
--
6.37.6
10.27.3
Category of Construction WorkerMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
Source : CIDB
Plasterer
Tiler
Barbender
Carpenter - Formwork
Carpenter - Joinery
Roofer
Steel Structure Fabricator
General Welder
Plumber - Building & Sanitary
Plumber - Reticulation
Building Wiring Installer
Electrical Wireman PW2 (RM/month)
Electrical Wireman PW4 (RM/month)
Scaffolder - Prefabricated
Scaffolder - Tubular
Painter - Building
General Construction Worker - Civil
74.2798.5881.5299.0875.1390.2580.4898.5890.85
107.7586.06
107.0893.32
112.0888.67
110.9279.0096.7593.08
119.58--
1,532.532,354.172,094.732,945.88
74.5195.2177.6198.3470.3289.2557.4776.08
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
81.00106.33
85.61105.00
79.2096.5086.06
104.1795.32
114.1789.18
113.3398.63
118.3393.50
116.3383.27
102.6798.08
125.47--
1,537.672,358.422,098.142,950.17
78.78100.93
82.00105.13
75.0795.6762.5582.17
57.1189.5864.7189.2560.1776.5874.0590.5874.2394.9268.7789.0877.0893.2174.2394.8362.7383.4281.3899.6092.10
116.42----
63.4688.2563.9382.5858.0577.25
--
63.6096.6768.8895.8365.0082.6779.3296.5878.48
100.8372.1795.0081.6897.6978.48
100.1766.9789.5086.63
104.9397.33
122.50----
67.8393.0068.7888.8364.3983.17
--
9.17.95.06.05.46.96.95.74.96.03.65.85.75.65.54.95.46.15.44.9
--
0.30.20.20.25.76.05.76.96.87.28.88.0
11.47.96.57.48.07.97.16.65.76.24.96.66.04.85.75.66.87.36.55.45.75.2
----
6.95.47.67.6
10.97.7
--
Category of Construction WorkerMinimum/ Maximum
Wage
Change (%)Skill LevelSkilled (RM/day) Semi-Skilled (RM/day)
Skilled Semi-Skilled2015 20152014 2014
RENTAL RATES OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINERIESMachineries and equipment are vital components in any construction process. Some contractors invest heavily in buying own machineries and equipment,
expecting high returns by effectively optimizing the usage in completing the construction process and securing large-scale projects. More projects can be completed in shorter periods and increase the overall productivity. However, some contractors may opt to rent or hire the machineries, to minimize their costs
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
68 69
Source : CIDB
Rental Rates of Construction Machineries Rental Rates of Construction Machineries
Table 3.30 Average Rental Rates of Construction Machineries in Malaysia
Excavator
Loader
Bulldozer
Compactor
Grader
Backhoe
Paving/Resurfacing EquipmentGarbage Truck
Lorry
Crane
Land Work
Roadwork
Truck and Haulage
Hoisting and Lifting
433.47 1,141.66
430.28 899.16 734.50 951.66 598.16 649.93 550.83 630.97 445.28 449.44 463.47 558.57 509.86 713.61 413.89 983.06 915.28
1,566.67
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
435.42 1,142.13
433.33 899.17 740.93 952.13 597.94 649.93 550.83 630.97 449.44 449.44 475.32 561.81 509.86 714.72 415.28 983.06 915.28
1,577.78
7,169.72 14,392.59
7,918.15 13,107.41 10,567.13 12,647.22
8,374.94 9,010.07 8,558.33 9,791.67 6,944.45 7,012.50 6,851.85 8,030.56 9,027.78
11,750.00 8,530.56
17,108.33 12,546.53 19,465.32
7,129.35 14,373.61
7,924.63 13,107.41 10,578.70 12,656.48
8,391.67 9,023.61 8,558.33 9,787.50 7,031.95 7,037.50 6,978.71 7,899.07 9,027.78
11,750.00 8,541.67
17,098.61 12,546.53 19,465.66
0.40.00.70.00.90.00.00.00.00.00.90.02.50.60.00.20.30.00.00.7
-0.6-0.10.10.00.10.10.20.20.00.01.20.41.8
-1.70.00.00.1
-0.10.00.0
Type of Works
Category ofMachineries
Minimum/ Maximum
Price
Change (%)Types of Rental (RM/unit)Daily Monthly
Daily Monthly2015 20152014 2014
and effectively manage their resources. Factors that encourage the rental or hiring of machineries include mobility and site location, as well as storage and maintenance of the equipment. In terms of mobility, it is more convenient for contractors to rent machineries from local suppliers near their project sites. Some leasing companies offer daily, monthly or short-term rentals, which is more efficient for project planning. In addition, sale prices are generally very high for any machinery and a single project requires many types of equipment that serve different specific purposes.
Rental rates of machineries were obtained from Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. This section presents the rental rates for 10 major machineries involved in land work, roadwork, haulage and hoisting; and purchase price for equipment such as generators,
compressors, pumps, drills, cutters, hammers and other equipment used in construction works.
In Malaysia, most daily and monthly machineries rental rates showed an increase in 2015, the highest came from resurfacing equipment for roadwork. Only compactor used for land work recorded lower daily rental rates compared with 2014. In Peninsular Malaysia, three machineries showed an increase in both maximum and minimum monthly rental rates ranging from 0.1% to 2.3%. The highest increase in rental rate was noted in the maximum daily rental rates of crane, which increased from RM1,391.67 per day to RM1,425.00 per day.
Source : CIDB
Table 3.31 Average Rental Rates of Construction Machineries in Peninsular Malaysia
Excavator
Loader
Bulldozer
Compactor
Grader
Backhoe
Paving/Resurfacing EquipmentGarbage Truck
Lorry
Crane
Land Work
Roadwork
Truck and Haulage
Hoisting and Lifting
399.31 1,111.11
395.83 868.61 721.25 931.11 572.81 633.54 542.50 642.92 452.50 455.00 430.42 520.14 486.25 690.83 425.00 932.50 837.50
1,391.67
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
401.81 1,112.50
396.11 868.61 737.22 932.50 568.00 633.54 542.50 642.92 455.00 455.00 432.64 529.86 486.25 694.17 429.17 932.50 837.50
1,425.00
6,614.72 13,511.11
7,471.11 12,377.78 10,095.83 12,141.67
8,466.50 9,163.54 8,541.67 9,541.67 6,766.67 6,837.50 6,822.22 7,908.33 8,783.33
11,833.34 8,691.67
16,358.34 11,889.58 18,062.63
6,560.28 13,454.17
7,479.45 12,377.78 10,108.33 12,147.22
8,470.83 9,166.67 8,541.67 9,529.17 6,829.17 6,845.83 6,836.11 7,908.33 8,783.33
11,833.34 8,725.00
16,329.17 11,889.58 18,063.63
0.60.10.10.02.20.1
-0.80.00.00.00.50.00.51.80.00.51.00.00.02.3
-0.8-0.40.10.00.10.00.10.00.0
-0.10.90.10.20.00.00.00.4
-0.20.00.0
Type of Works
Category of Machineries
Minimum/ Maximum
Price
Change (%)Types of Rental (RM/unit)Daily Monthly
Daily Monthly2015 20152014 2014
In Sabah and Sarawak, most of the rental rates of machineries used in construction projects did not experience any significant change in 2015. In fact, most machineries reported the same daily and monthly rental rates as in the previous year. An increase in
rental rate was most notable in the backhoe category in Sabah, where the daily rental rate increased from RM450.00 to RM460.00 daily. While in Sarawak, daily and monthly rental rates increased across all types of paving/resurfacing equipment.
Table 3.32 Average Rental Rates of Construction Machineries in Sabah
Excavator
Loader
Bulldozer
Compactor
Land Work 473.33 1,219.44
466.11 957.22 756.67 973.33 631.67 681.25
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
476.67 1,219.44
469.44 957.22 760.00 973.33 635.83 681.25
7,627.78 15,122.22
8,327.78 13,777.78 11,177.78 13,055.56
8,208.33 8,695.83
7,627.78 15,122.22
8,338.89 13,777.78 11,200.00 13,055.56
8,233.33 8,712.50
0.70.00.70.00.40.00.70.0
0.00.00.10.00.20.00.30.2
Type of Works
Category of Machineries
Minimum/ Maximum
Price
Change (%)Types of Rental (RM/unit)Daily Monthly
Daily Monthly2015 20152014 2014
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
70 71Prices of Construction MachineriesRental Rates of Construction Machineries
Source : CIDB
Grader
Backhoe
Paving/Resurfacing EquipmentGarbage Truck
Lorry
Crane
Roadwork
Truck and Haulage
Hoisting and Lifting
550.00 650.00 450.00 460.00 497.22 588.89 533.33 750.00 400.00
1,066.67 1,091.67 1,600.00
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
550.00 650.00 460.00 460.00 497.22 588.89 533.33 750.00 400.00
1,066.67 1,091.67 1,600.00
8,633.33 10,333.33
7,000.00 7,066.67 7,044.45 8,216.67 9,183.33
11,633.33 8,533.33
17,533.33 14,083.34 19,916.67
8,633.33 10,333.33
7,066.67 7,066.67 7,044.45 7,822.22 9,183.33
11,633.33 8,533.33
17,533.33 14,083.34 19,916.67
0.00.02.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
0.00.00.90.00.0
-5.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Type of Works
Category of Machineries
Minimum/ Maximum
Price
Change (%)Types of Rental (RM/unit)
Daily Monthly Daily Monthly
2015 20152014 2014
Source : CIDB
Table 3.33 Average Rental Rates of Construction Machineries in Sarawak
Excavator
Loader
Bulldozer
Compactor
Grader
Backhoe
Paving/Resurfacing EquipmentGarbage Truck
Lorry
Crane
Land Work
Roadwork
Truck and Haulage
Hoisting and Lifting
427.78 1,094.44
428.89 871.66 725.57 950.55 590.00 635.00 560.00 600.00 433.33 433.33 462.78 566.67 510.00 700.00 416.67 950.00 816.67
1,708.34
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
427.78 1,094.44
434.45 871.67 725.56 950.55 590.00 635.00 560.00 600.00 433.33 433.33 496.11 566.67 510.00 700.00 416.67 950.00 816.67
1,708.34
7,266.67 14,544.44
7,955.55 13,166.67 10,427.78 12,744.44
8,450.00 9,170.83 8,500.00 9,500.00 7,066.67 7,133.33 6,688.89 7,966.67 9,116.67
11,783.33 8,366.67
17,433.33 11,666.67 20,416.67
7,200.00 14,544.44
7,955.55 13,166.67 10,427.78 12,766.67
8,470.84 9,191.67 8,500.00 9,500.00 7,200.00 7,200.00 7,055.56 7,966.67 9,116.67
11,783.33 8,366.67
17,433.33 11,666.67 20,416.67
0.00.01.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.06.70.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
-0.90.00.00.00.00.20.20.20.00.01.90.95.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Type of Works
Category ofMachineries
Minimum/ Maximum
Price
Change (%)Types of Rental (RM/unit)Daily Monthly
Daily Monthly2015 20152014 2014
The prices of construction equipment in Malaysia were summarised into seven categories based on the prices and location from Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. Collectively, the prices of construction equipment had relatively small changes in the three regions. In Malaysia, the price of construction equipment remained unchanged in 2015 for power trowels, gasoline generator sets, gasoline (petrol) generators set, industrial pump, construction water
pump and super drill. Only eight construction equipment experienced an increase of prices in both the minimum and maximum section (concrete mixer – mini; vibrator pokers; blade cutters; rotary hammer drill; hammer drill; diamond core drill; wheel cutter; rebar cutter/ bender). The only drop in both section of minimum and maximum prices came from bar cutter which falls by 0.5% at each section. Diesel generator set and water pump had a decrease in the maximum section, while the rest of the categories show an increase in either one of the minimum or maximum section.
PRICES OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
Table 3.34 Average Price of Construction Equipment in Malaysia
Concrete Mixer - Mini
Concrete Mixer - Manual
Power Trowel
Concrete Vibrator
Concrete Cutter
Vibratory PlateCompactorVibrator Poker
Blade Cutter
Fuel Generator Set
Diesel Generator Set
Gasoline Generator Set
Gasoline (Petrol) Generator Set
Reciprocating Piston
Concrete Works & Plastering
Generator
Compressor
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
1,429.171,519.444,141.674,640.001,585.001,585.001,230.971,694.451,029.861,080.28
642.78836.53163.89165.55626.11627.22763.06
6,641.113,918.05
202,452.781,615.564,084.811,375.973,388.611,357.22
14,963.89
1,436.111,534.694,144.444,617.781,585.001,585.001,231.531,701.391,031.251,080.28
649.86836.53167.92167.92628.33628.33768.61
6,642.503,920.83
201,047.221,615.564,084.581,375.973,388.611,360.00
14,959.72
0.51.00.1
-0.50.00.00.00.40.10.01.10.02.51.40.40.20.70.00.1
-0.70.00.00.00.00.20.0
Category of Equipment Types of Equipment Minimum/ Maximum
PriceChange
(%)
Malaysia
Purchase Price (RM/unit)
20152014
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
72 73
Source : CIDB
Source : CIDB
Prices of Construction EquipmentPrices of Construction Equipment
Oil Flooded Compressor
Water Pump
Industrial Pump
Construction Water Pump
Rotary Hammer Drill
Hammer Drill
Demolition Drill
Impact Drill
Angle Drill
Diamond Core Drill
Super Drill
Metal Cutter
Wheel Cutter
Bar Cutter
Rebar Cutter/Bender
Rotary Hammer
Demolition Hammer
Pump
Drill
Cutter
Hammer
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
3,426.394,823.47
620.141,168.11
269.312,411.11
938.672,111.67
623.75718.61791.25
2,959.891,622.222,196.67
309.721,490.971,154.171,156.951,561.111,566.671,088.341,088.342,122.922,359.58
331.39389.47
4,768.064,768.065,779.175,779.17
496.113,590.14
878.892,415.34
3,434.724,827.64
621.801,166.72
271.502,411.11
938.672,117.22
623.75713.61795.39
2,971.001,622.222,199.45
310.281,490.971,156.951,156.951,568.061,568.061,088.341,088.342,122.922,381.94
333.33393.47
4,759.724,759.725,784.725,784.72
497.223,590.14
881.662,418.11
0.20.10.3
-0.10.80.00.00.30.0
-0.70.50.40.00.10.20.00.20.00.40.10.00.00.00.90.61.0
-0.2-0.20.10.10.20.00.30.1
Category of Equipment Types of Equipment Minimum/ Maximum
PriceChange
(%)
Malaysia
Purchase Price (RM/unit)
2015
2015
2014
2014
Table 3.35 Average Price of Construction Equipment in Peninsular Malaysia
Concrete Mixer - Mini
Concrete Mixer - Manual
Power Trowel
Concrete Vibrator
Concrete Cutter
Vibratory PlateCompactorVibrator Poker
Blade Cutter
Fuel Generator Set
Diesel Generator Set
Gasoline Generator Set
Gasoline (Petrol) Generator Set
Reciprocating Piston
Oil Flooded Compressor
Water Pump
Industrial Pump
Construction Water Pump
Rotary Hammer Drill
Hammer Drill
Demolition Drill
Concrete Works & Plastering
Generator
Compressor
Pump
Drill
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
1,420.841,525.004,166.674,415.001,550.001,550.001,132.921,598.341,061.251,145.84
651.67804.58148.33148.33606.67610.00715.83
6,618.333,712.50
196,225.001,526.673,888.751,321.253,310.841,316.67
15,041.673,229.174,625.42
547.081,093.33
242.922,300.00
886.671,966.67
601.25693.33732.08
2,796.341,543.332,108.33
1,425.001,537.424,175.004,415.001,550.001,550.001,134.581,602.501,065.421,145.84
662.92804.58150.42150.42613.33613.33715.83
6,622.503,720.84
194,975.001,526.673,888.751,321.253,310.841,325.00
15,195.833,254.174,637.92
547.081,089.17
242.822,300.00
886.671,966.67
601.25657.50744.17
2,796.341,543.332,116.67
0.30.80.20.00.00.00.10.30.40.01.70.01.41.41.10.50.00.10.2
-0.60.00.00.00.00.61.00.80.30.0
-0.40.00.00.00.00.0
-5.21.70.00.00.4
Category of Equipment Types of Equipment Minimum/ Maximum
PriceChange
(%)
Peninsular Malaysia
Purchase Price (RM/unit)
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
74 75
Source : CIDB
Prices of Construction EquipmentPrices of Construction Equipment
Table 3.36 Average Price of Construction Equipment in Sabah
Concrete Mixer - Mini
Concrete Mixer - Manual
Power Trowel
Concrete Vibrator
Concrete Cutter
Vibratory PlateCompactorVibrator Poker
Blade Cutter
Fuel Generator Set
Diesel Generator Set
Gasoline Generator Set
Gasoline (Petrol) Generator Set
Reciprocating Piston
Oil Flooded Compressor
Water Pump
Industrial Pump
Construction Water Pump
Rotary Hammer Drill
Hammer Drill
Demolition Drill
Concrete Works & Plastering
Generator
Compressor
Pump
Drill
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
1,420.841,525.004,166.674,415.001,550.001,550.001,132.921,598.341,061.251,145.84
651.67804.58148.33148.33606.67610.00715.83
6,618.333,712.50
196,225.001,526.673,888.751,321.253,310.841,316.67
15,041.673,229.174,625.42
547.081,093.33
242.922,300.00
886.671,966.67
601.252,099.00
732.082,796.341,543.332,108.33
1,490.001,533.334,233.334,800.001,600.001,600.001,345.001,733.331,066.671,108.33
670.00851.67195.00195.00655.00655.00833.33
6,650.004,033.33
200,833.331,716.674,160.001,450.003,533.331,450.00
15,833.333,666.675,050.00
673.331,219.33
306.672,583.33
979.332,316.67
650.00763.33825.33
3,183.331,671.672,200.00
0.02.20.0
-1.40.00.00.00.00.00.01.50.02.62.60.00.02.00.00.0
-1.10.00.00.00.00.0
-1.00.00.00.70.02.20.00.00.70.00.00.01.10.00.0
Impact Drill
Angle Drill
Diamond Core Drill
Super Drill
Metal Cutter
Wheel Cutter
Bar Cutter
Rebar Cutter/Bender
Rotary Hammer
Demolition Hammer
Cutter
Hammer
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
277.501,469.581,095.841,104.171,466.671,466.67
926.67926.67
2,085.422,268.75
292.50333.42
4,754.174,754.175,454.175,454.17
440.003,505.42
768.332,278.34
350.001,563.331,250.001,250.001,666.671,666.671,326.671,326.672,211.672,525.00
360.00460.00
4,850.004,850.006,166.676,166.67
571.673,598.33
968.332,517.67
0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.01.30.02.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.90.0
Concrete Mixer - Mini
Concrete Mixer - Manual
Power Trowel
Concrete Vibrator
Concrete Cutter
Vibratory PlateCompactor
Concrete Works & Plastering
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
1,376.671,533.334,025.004,638.331,605.001,605.001,215.001,751.67
961.67986.67616.67853.33
1,393.331,533.334,025.004,638.331,605.001,605.001,215.001,768.33
961.67986.67616.67853.33
1.20.00.00.00.00.00.01.00.00.00.00.0
Category of Equipment
Category of Equipment
Category of Equipment
Types of Equipment
Types of Equipment
Types of Equipment
Minimum/ Maximum
Price
Minimum/ Maximum
Price
Minimum/ Maximum
Price
Change(%)
Change(%)
Change(%)
Sabah
Sabah
Sarawak
Purchase Price (RM/unit)
Purchase Price (RM/unit)
Purchase Price (RM/unit)
2015
2015
2015
2014
2014
2014
Table 3.37 Average Price of Construction Equipment in Sarawak
CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES CHAPTER 3 PRICES, WAGES AND RENTAL RATES
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY REVIEW AND PROSPECT 2015/2016
76 77
Source : CIDB
Prices of Construction EquipmentPrices of Construction Equipment
Vibrator Poker
Blade Cutter
Fuel Generator Set
Diesel Generator Set
Gasoline Generator Set
Gasoline (Petrol) Generator Set
Reciprocating Piston
Oil Flooded Compressor
Water Pump
Industrial Pump
Construction Water Pump
Rotary Hammer Drill
Hammer Drill
Demolition Drill
Impact Drill
Angle Drill
Diamond Core Drill
Super Drill
Metal Cutter
Wheel Cutter
Generator
Compressor
Pump
Drill
Cutter
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
153.33158.33616.67616.67756.67
6,655.004,008.33
207,966.671,603.334,205.001,356.673,321.671,305.00
13,850.003,383.334,795.00
645.001,191.67
265.002,350.00
950.002,068.33
620.00720.00816.67
2,933.331,651.672,281.67
301.671,440.001,116.671,116.671,550.001,566.671,011.671,011.672,071.672,316.67
341.67385.00
158.33158.33616.67616.67756.67
6,655.004,008.33
207,333.331,603.334,205.001,356.673,321.671,305.00
13,850.003,383.334,795.00
645.001,191.67
265.002,350.00
950.002,068.33
620.00720.00816.67
2,933.331,651.672,281.67
301.671,440.001,116.671,116.671,566.671,566.671,011.671,011.672,071.672,350.00
341.67385.00
3.30.00.00.00.00.00.0
-0.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.01.10.00.00.00.01.40.00.0
Bar Cutter
Rebar Cutter/Bender
Rotary Hammer
Demolition Hammer
Hammer
MinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximumMinimumMaximum
4,700.004,700.005,716.675,716.67
476.673,666.67
908.332,450.00
4,700.004,700.005,716.675,716.67
476.673,666.67
908.332,450.00
0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Category of Equipment Category of EquipmentTypes of Equipment Types of Equipment Minimum/ Maximum
Price
Minimum/ Maximum
PriceChange
(%)Change
(%)
Sarawak Sarawak
Purchase Price (RM/unit)
Purchase Price (RM/unit)
2015 20152014 2014