Post on 12-Jan-2016
transcript
Chapter 4: Object Recognition
Object/Pattern Recognition: Making sense of stimulus energyProcess: Bottom-Up vs. Top-down – see ambiguous imageDirect vs. Constructive Perception
Gestalt Organizational PrinciplesTheories of Pattern RecognitionGestalt: Stimulus information combined
with innate organizing principles of sensory systems. Need examples of principles (proximity, similarity, common fate, closure, and overriding principle of Pragnanz
Theories of Pattern Recognition: Cont.
• 2. Template Matching: external pattern matched to stored internal representation
• 3. Feature Analysis: constructing pattern based on combinations of primitive features
• 4. Prototype Matching: Stored representation that acts of ‘exemplar’ of entire category of patterns.
• 5. Geon Theory: Recognition based on geometric primitives
Stored canonical view
Template matching
• But what about K K K K K K
Prototype matching
• Central tendency: average representation• Attribute frequency: modal representation
Selfridge (1959) Pandemonium model
PDP word recognition model
• Geon forms using basic cylinder shape
Expertise and Pattern Recognition
• Chase and Simon (1970’s): studies with chess experts
• Expertise corresponds to more efficient processing of increasingly larger, more meaningful patterns.
• Expansion of working memory capacity – Long-term working memory
Chess patterns