Chapter 6 Marine Vertebrates Vertebrate features, Marine Fishes and Tetrapods.

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Chapter 6 Marine Vertebrates

Vertebrate features, Marine Fishes and Tetrapods

Vertebrate FeaturesVertebrate Features

All living vertebrates share similar structural features:– Bilateral symmetry– A postanal tail– An anterior brain– Specialized sense organs– Centrally located vertebral skeleton for

support

FishesFishes There are more species of fishes than all other

vertebrate groups combined, and a majority of these are marine.

Classes include:– Agnatha (cyclostomata) a primitive fish lacking

paired fins and true jaws. Rep: lampreys and hagfishes

– Chondrichthyes include sharks, rays and skates. They exhibit true jaws, paired fins, and scales but a cartilagenous skeleton.

– Osteichthyes are the bony fish and have true jaws, paired fins, scales and a bony skeleton

Agnatha (Cyclostomata): Agnatha (Cyclostomata): lampreylamprey

Agnatha: HagfishAgnatha: Hagfish

Chondrichthyes: SharkChondrichthyes: Shark

Shark egg casesShark egg cases

Whale shark egg foundWhale shark egg found

Great White SharkGreat White Shark

Bull sharkBull shark

Whale sharkWhale shark

Chondrichthyes: Sting rayChondrichthyes: Sting ray

Chondrichthyes: skateChondrichthyes: skate

Skates lay eggsSkates lay eggs

Male and female chondrichthyesMale and female chondrichthyes

Osteichthyes: bony fishesOsteichthyes: bony fishes

TetrapodsTetrapods Three classes of air-breathing marine

tetrapods – Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia Sea snakes, turtles, the marine iguana,

marine crocodiles, and a large number of birds and mammals forage the sea.

Reptiles and birds share several adaptations, including nasal salt glands and uric acid excretion.

Marine mammals include two groups, the cetaceans (whales, porpoises, dolphins) and the pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) as well as sea otters, manatees, and dugongs.

Marine Amphibians: Marine Amphibians: Crab-eating frogCrab-eating frog

Amphibians on the whole are intolerant of saline conditions, but the Crab-eating frog is among the very few exceptions. It is found in the brackish-water of mangrove streams and also in adjacent damp, grassy areas.

Marine ReptilesMarine Reptiles

What can you do to help?What can you do to help?

Marine ReptilesMarine Reptiles

Marine Reptiles: Sea snakesMarine Reptiles: Sea snakes

Marine AvesMarine Aves

Marine MammalsMarine Mammals

Marine Mammals, Marine Mammals, Order PinnepediaOrder Pinnepedia

Plastic pollution and the sealPlastic pollution and the seal

Killer whaleKiller whale

Sea LionSea Lion

Marine MammalsMarine Mammals Order Carnivora, the polar bears

Marine Mammals: Marine Mammals: Order Sirenia the manatees & dugongs

Marine Mammals: Marine Mammals: bottlenose bottlenose dolphindolphin

What is the Difference Between What is the Difference Between a Dolphin and a Porpoise?a Dolphin and a Porpoise?

Dolphins and porpoises are so similar that it is easy to confuse which is which.

In general, porpoises are smaller and plumper than dolphins, rarely reaching lengths of more than 6 feet and weights of more than 300 pounds. They have a rounded head and a small, triangular dorsal fin. Porpoises lack the "beak" characteristic of most dolphins, having a blunt snout instead.

Chapter 6 Marine Vertebrates Vertebrate features, Marine Fishes and Tetrapods.

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