Chapter 7 – Chapter 7 – Industrial Industrial Inventions Inventions early 1800searly 1800sNotice how the development of each invention of the early 1800s affected

the young nation.

Causes of the Causes of the Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution

in the U.S.in the U.S.• Embargo Act – Why? • Large labor force – Why?• Geography – Why?

• Characteristics of the Industrial Revolution in the U.S.o Shift from simple tools to machineso Shift from natural to artificial sources of powero Shift from regional to nationwide distribution

The Spinning Jenny &The Spinning Jenny &

Power Loom – Power Loom – SAMUEL SLATERSAMUEL SLATER

Textile mills brought many workers & machines like these under one roof in factories powered by water wheels. People left farms for cities and created the growth of many towns in New England near rivers to turn the water wheels.

Textile mills like Textile mills like Francis Lowell’s Francis Lowell’s in in

Massachusetts helped the growth of small Massachusetts helped the growth of small

towns in N. Englandtowns in N. England

The Factory SystemThe Factory System• Workers and machines came together under one r

oof, usually near a source of water to power the machines.

• Work gradually began to leave the home and go to the factories of the U.S.

• What grows?• Cities, governments, populations, crime, pollution

…. Etc.

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution• Machines replaced hand tools, and large scale ma

nufacturing replaced farming as the main source of work.

Eli WhitneyEli Whitney

In 1797, The U. S. government hired inventor Eli Whitney to make 10,000 muskets for the army. He was to have the guns ready in two years. In 1801, he showed G. Washington a box with piles of musket parts. He took a part from each pile and assembled a musket in a matter of seconds. He had just demonstrated the use of

interchangeable parts – parts were all exactly alike.

Interchangeable PartsInterchangeable Parts• Parts that are exactly alike was Eli Whitney’s

idea when he tried to put the musket together in seconds.

• Machines that produced exactly matching parts soon became standard industries

• Made repairs easy• Used low pay and less skilled workers

Cotton Gin (Engine)Cotton Gin (Engine)

• Invented in 1793 • Allowed faster cleaning

of cotton bolls • Increased cotton

productivity from 10 lbs per day to 50 lbs per day.

• Effect --- more farmers borrowed more money to buy more land to plant more cotton that required more slaves

New Inventions – New Inventions – The ClaremontThe Claremont made the 300 mile trip made the 300 mile trip

from New York to Albany and back in 62 hours in 1807.from New York to Albany and back in 62 hours in 1807.

• The Steam Boat invented by Robert Fulton

Steam enginesSteam engines• The steam boat could move against the current of

the river and the wind• Led to the growth of cities like New Orleans and

St. Louis• Shreve also invented a better steam boat. The

town of Shreveport, LA was named after this inventor.

Robert FultonRobert Fulton• Shreve’s double

decker steamboat and a paddle wheel in the back 1816 it went UP the Mississippi River!!!

The Telegraph…..The Telegraph…..

The TelegraphThe Telegraph• Invented by Samuel Morse• Long and short pulses of electricity along a wire

( dot, dot dash…--..)• Took seconds to communicate to other cities• Brought about national unity! • ---…---

Morse Code

John Deere’s steel John Deere’s steel plowplow

John Deere’s Steel John Deere’s Steel PlowPlow

• John Deere invented the light weight steel plow with a steel cutting edge. Older cast iron plows were designed for the light sandy soil of New England. But rich clay, like the soil of the Midwest needed a sharper blade of steel. More farmers moved to the Midwest with the help of this new plow.

The Mechanical Reaper

*The Reaper & the threshing machines helped improve agriculture.

*They were made by Cyrus McCormick in 1834.

*The thresher separated kernels of wheat from husks.

*The reaper cut ripe grain quickly.

Peter CooperPeter Cooper• Designed and built the

first steam powered locomotive in the United States

• “Tom Thumb” -- the Iron Horse

• What was the effect of the locomotive on industrialization in the U.S. ????

PatentsPatents• Protects the inventor who has the SOLE right to

make and sell the invention.

Name the InventorName the Inventor• Samuel Slater stole idea of textile mill from

England.• Francis Cabot Lowell –he had 22 mills and

created the textile factories in New England brought power looms from England

• Eli Whitney- inventor of cotton gin & interchangeable parts.

Name the InventionName the Invention• Samuel Morse

• John Deere

• Robert Fulton

• Henry Miller Shreve

More inventorsMore inventors• Robert Fulton – invented steamboat• Sam Morse – invented telegraph• John Deere- invented the steel plow• Elias Howe – invented sewing machine• Oliver Evans – invented steam engine and grist

mill

Ch 7 Inventions Review

Name an invention and tell how it affected or impacted our young nation.

Why was New England a good place to build factories?

Which inventions did most to link the nation?

That’s all folks……….