CHAPTER 7b: Nervous System

Meninges = three membranes covering the CNS structures (p 211)

Duramater = outermost layer

Dura = hardMater = motherDura = hardMater = mother

netterimages.com

schools-wikipedia.org

Protection of CNSProtection of CNS

Arachnoid Mater = web-like middle layer

Arachno = spiderArachno = spider

commons.wikimedia.org

Pia Mater = innermost layer following folds

pia = gentlepia = gentle

commons.wikimedia.org

Meningitis = inflammation of meninges

http://healthline.healthology.com/hybrid/hybrid-autodetect.aspx?content_id=2582&focus_handle=childrens-diseases&brand_name=healthline

http://www.nmaus.org/programs/getting-it/

http://www.healthline.com/hgy-transcripts/meningitis-overview

http://video.about.com/infectiousdiseases/Meningitis.htm

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) = fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Continually made from blood plasma in choroid plexuses which hang from the “roof” of the brains ventricles.

Circulates continuously by being produced and then drained back into blood plasma to keep a constant volume of about 150 ml.

Function: protection

Spinal Tap = sampling technique to test CSF.Hydrocephalus = “water on the brain”

BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER Keeps neurons separated from blood-borne substances.

Made of LEAST PERMEABLE capillaries in the body. Can’t keep out

fats, respiratory gases, alcohol, nicotine, or anesthetics.

vandenberg.af.mil

Brain Injuries

Traumatic Brain Injuries and Brain DysfunctionsTraumatic Brain Injuries and Brain Dysfunctions

Head injuries are the leading cause of accidental death in the USA.

Concussion = slight injury, dizziness, brief loss of consciousness.http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000034&ptid=17

Contusion = marked tissue destruction, coma

Cerebral Edema = swelling of the brain, death

BrainMatters 54:00 http://video.pbs.org/video/1390247671/

Stroke = cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs when circulation is cut off to the brain.

http://www.pennmedicine.org/encyclopedia/em_DisplayAnimation.aspx?gcid=000123&ptid=17

Aphasia = result of damage to left cerebral hemisphere, affects speech.

motor aphasia = affects Broca’s area and loss of speechsensory aphasia = loss of understanding of language

TIA = transient ischemic attack (mini-stroke)

Alzheimer’s Disease

• mental deterioration• progressive degenerative disease• originally called “senile dementia”• memory loss, irritability, moodiness, confusion, possibly violent• later stages include hallucinations

Dementia 1:01 http://www.healthscout.com/animation/1/7/main.html

Alzheimer’s Disease 19:10 http://www.alzheimer.ca/english/disease/whatisit-video.htm

articles.mercola.com

topnews.net.nz

Alzheimer’s Disease

Spinal Cord

About 17 inches (42 cm) long.31 pairs of nerves arise from it.About 17 inches (42 cm) long.

31 pairs of nerves arise from it.

Textbook page 217.

Association neurons

Sensory neurons

Motor neurons

White matter of the spinal cord

Quadriplegic = damage high in cord

Paraplegic = damage low in cord