Chapter 8: Sampling, Standardization & Calibration

CHE 321: Quantitative Chemical AnalysisDr. Jerome Williams, Ph.D.

Saint Leo University

Overview

• Standardization & Calibration• Sensitivity & Detection Limits

Standardization & Calibration

• Calibration determines relationship between analyte response & analyte concentration.

– Accomplished using chemical standards.

Standardization & Calibration

• Comparison with Standards

– Direct comparison (Colorimeters & Titrations)

– External Standard Calibration (Least Squares Method)

Figure 8-9 p172

Figure 8-10 p172

Table 8-1 p175

Table 8-2 p177

Table 8-3 p178

Fig 8-9, p.195

Standardization & Calibration

• Errors in External Standard Calibration

– Blanks are used to correct for many calibration errors.

– Ideal blank contains everything except the analyte.– Solvent blank or reagent blank more practical.

Standardization & Calibration

• Minimizing Errors in Analytical Procedures

– Multivariate Calibration– Saturation, Matrix Modification, & Masking– Internal Standard Methods– Standard Addition Methods

Sensitivity & Detection Limits

• Be familiar with the following terms

– Analytical & Calibration Sensitivity– Detection Limit– Linear Dynamic Range– Control Chart (including UCL, LCL)– Statistical Control– Validation & GLP

Figure 8-14 p187

Figure 8-15 p189

p189

p189

Figure 8-16 p190

Suggested Problems

• HW Set 7: 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.17, 8.26