Post on 05-Jun-2018
transcript
107
CHAPTER - III
METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, the methodology adopted for the selection of subjects,
selection of variables criterion measures, reliability of data, procedure for
administering the tests, orientation of subjects, time schedule for the collection
of data and the statistical technique adopted for the analysis of the data were
discussed.
Selection of Subjects
The subjects for the present study were the participants in the junior
national Kabaddi championships who were below the age of 19 years. The
study was conducted on one hundred junior national level male Kabaddi
players from Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Pondicherry, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.
All the players volunteered to take part in the study.
Selection of Variables
Kabaddi is a very popular game played throughout India. Very few
research studies were undertaken on Kabaddi and there is a felt need to study
the different factors, which contribute towards a successful performance. There
is paucity literature in Kabaddi and several areas require research and
investigation. The researcher, after taking the opinion of experts and taking into
consideration the available literature, considering the administrative feasibility
in terms of time, availability of subjects and feasibility to collect data, selected
the variables pertaining to motor abilities and coordinative abilities.
The following variables were chosen to study the Relationship of
Selected Motor Ability variables with the game performance of Junior National
Male Kabaddi players.
108
I. Motor abilities
1. Strength
2. Speed
3. Endurance
4. Flexibility and
5. Agility
II. Coordinative Ability
1. Balance
2. Kinesthetic Differentiation Ability
3. Space Orientation Ability and
4. Complex reaction Ability
Table 1 shows the selected motor ability and coordinative ability
variables and test selected for each variable for the study.
Table 1
Selected Motor Ability Variables and Tests
Sl.No Motor Ability Test
1. Muscular Endurance of Arms Push Up
2. Muscular Endurance of Abdomen Bent Knee Sit Up
3. Explosive Power of Arms Two Hand Medicine Ball Put
4. Explosive Power of Legs Five Double Leg Bounds
5. Running Speed 30 meter run (Standing Start)
6. Cardio respiratory Endurance 20 Meter Multi Stage Shuttle Run
(20-MST)
7. Stretch ability of legs Side Splits
8. Extent Flexibility of Trunk and
Shoulder
Trunk Twist
9 Agility SEMO Agility
10. Dynamic Balance Modified Bass Test of Dynamic
Balance
11. Kinesthetic Differentiation ability of
Upper Limbs
Backward Ball Throw
12. Space Orientation Numbered Medicine Ball
13. Complex Reaction Exercise Ball Reaction Exercise
14. Kinesthetic Perception of Lower
limbs
Distance Perception Jump
109
Criterion Measures
The researcher adopted the following criterion measure for the
collection of data.
1. Strength endurance was measured in terms of total number of repetitions
performed in case of muscular endurance of arms and abdomen. Arm
and leg power were measured in meters and centimeters.
2. Speed and agility were measured in seconds.
3. Endurance was measured in number of stages of 20 meter distance
covered and converted the raw score of stages into ml.kg-1
/min.
4. Flexibility of trunk and shoulder, and stretch ability of legs were
measured in centimeters.
5. Balance was measured in numerical number.
6. Kinesthetic differentiation ability of upper limbs was measured in
numerical number and of lower limbs was measured by centimeter.
7. Space Orientation ability was measured in seconds.
8. Complex reaction ability was measured in centimeters.
Orientation of Subjects
Before the administration of the tests all the subjects were clearly and
thoroughly oriented about the test procedure and purpose of the study. Subjects
were also explained about each test and the method of scoring. Tests were
administered in four sessions on two consecutive days, in the morning and
evening between 7 am and 10.30 am and between 3.30 pm and 6.30 pm, after a
thorough warming up. The tests selected for the study were conducted on
leveled surface which was non slippery.
Instrument Reliability
The equipment required for the conduct of the test were thoroughly
checked before there use and the investigator had orientated himself about the
procedure and method of handling the instruments. The equipment used were
110
in good condition and were accurate and there was no break down of test
administration owing to any problem. Standard equipment like split second
electronic stop watch (Seiko, Made in Japan SA820163 calibrated on 10th
March, 2001), tape recorder (Videocon S X –25 calibrated on 12th
March
2001), audiotape (TDK, D-90 Dynamic cassette low noise high output
calibrated on 12th
March 2001), measuring steel tape (calibrated on 10th
March
2001). Sliding measuring scale, Medicine ball, baseball, gymnastic mats and
hoop, number plates which were used were from reputed standard company
(Nelco, India) and were used for the conducted of tests.
Test Reliability
To test the reliability of the tests, the entire series of tests were
conducted twice under similar conditions on 25 subjects by adopting test- retest
method by the investigator. The co-efficient of correlation was computed for
the two measures of each variable and co-efficient of correlation obtained is
presented in Table 2.
Table 2
Reliability Coefficient of Test-Retest Scores of Selected Variables
Sl No Tests r
1 Push Up 0.90
2 Bent Knee Sit Up 0.91
3 Two Hand Medicine Ball Put 0.91
4 Five Double Leg Bounds 0.87
5 Thirty Meter Run 0.87
6 20 Meter Multi Stage Shuttle Run 0.87
7 Side Splits 0.87
8 Trunk Twist 0.90
9 SEMO Agility 0.90
10 Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance 0.87
11 Backward Ball Throw 0.87
12 Numbered Medicine Ball 0.87
13 Ball Reaction Exercise 0.93
14 Distance Perception Jump 0.84
111
PROCEDURE OF COLLECTION OF DATA
Push Up
Aim : To measure the muscular endurance of arms and shoulder girdle
Test Administration
The test was administered on a flat, evenly leveled floor, which was free
from obstacles. The subject was asked to take a prone laying position by
keeping both the palms slightly wider than shoulder width and both the feet
were kept apart and a straight-arm front leaning rest position was assumed with
toes touching the floor. The elbows were kept straight and neck held straight.
The subject then lowered the body until the chest touched the floor and then
pushed it upward to the straight-arm support. The exercise was continued for
as many repetitions as possible without stopping the movement and without a
pause during the course of Push-Up. While performing the Push-Up the subject
was asked to maintain the body in a straight line throughout the exercise
without raising the hip above the shoulder level. Full execution of movement
by pushing the upper body from the floor upward to straight-arm support was
counted as one correct Push-Up. Total number of correct Push-Ups executed
was counted as the score of the subject. No partial count was allowed and the
exercise was done continuously for as long as possible. Such actions as
stopping the Push-Up action in between, completely resting the body to the
floor and raising the hip above the shoulder was not counted as correct Push-
Up1.
Scoring
Maximum number of correctly performed Push-Up by each subject was
counted and recorded.
1Donald K. Mathew, Measurement in physical education (Philadelphia: W.B
Saunders Company, 1978), p.138.
113
Bent Knee Sit Up
Aim : To assess the muscular endurance of abdominal muscles.
Test Administration
The subject was asked to take supine lying position on the flat, leveled
floor, which was free from obstacles. Both the knees were flexed with plantar
surface of the foot touching the floor and kept not more than 12 inches from the
buttocks at an angle less than 90 degrees. The palms placed behind back of the
neck with fingers clasped and elbows placed on the surface. The feet of the
subject were held by a partner to kept them touching with the surface. Subject
curled up and brought his head and elbow forward, finally, with the elbows
touched the knees. This action constitutes one repetition. Subject returned to
the starting position with his elbows on the surface before he sits up again. The
subject was asked to perform as many number of Sit Ups as possible without
any pause in between. No rest period was permitted between the Sit Ups2.
Scoring
Maximum number of Sit-Ups performed as explained above by each
subject was counted and recorded. No Sit-Up was counted if the subject does
not (a) keep the fingers clasped behind the neck, (b) bring both elbows forward
in starting to Sit Up without pushing off the floor with elbows or (c) return to
starting position, with elbows flat on the surface, before sitting up again.
2 Ibid., p.127
115
Two- Hand Medicine Ball Put
Aim : To measure the explosive power of the arms.
Equipment : 2.6 Kg Medicine ball, One Chair, Steel Measuring Tape, Rope
Test Administration
Subject was asked to sit straight on a chair, back rested on the back of
the chair. Both the feet were kept on the floor comfortably. A rope was placed
around the subject’s chest and held tout to the rear by a partner in order to
eliminate rocking action during the push. A straight line was drawn touching
the forward edge of the chair. The subject held the medicine ball in both hands
with the hands drawn back against the chest and just under the chin. He then
pushed the ball upward and outward, for maximum distance. The subject’s
effort was primarily with the arms. The test was administered in a free area free
from obstacles on an evenly leveled floor3.
Scoring
The distance of the best of three trials measured to the nearest meter and
centimeter was recorded as the score. Three consecutively trials were permitted
to be taken. The distance was measured from the forward edge of the chair to
the point of contact of the ball with the floor.
3Barry L. Johnson and Jack K. Nelson, Practical Measurement for Evaluation
in Physical Education (4th ed.; Burgess Publishing, USA, 1986), p.214.
117
Five Double Leg Bounds
Aim : To assess explosive power of legs and coordination
Equipment : Steel Measuring Tape, Color Marker
Test Administration
A leveled area free from obstacles was chosen for the conduct of the
test. The subject stood, with both feet together behind the starting line in a
comfortable stance. Subject was told to take five double leg bounds forward,
consecutively. Subject was told that there should be no pause or break in-
between bounds and no additional contacts with feet during the course of five
consecutive bounds. The subject stopped on the fifth jump4.
Scoring
The distance from the starting line to the heel of the rear foot of the fifth
bound was measured in meters and centimeters. Best of the three efforts was
counted and recorded.
4Richard W.Field, “Control test for Explosive Events”, National Strength and
Conditioning Association Journal, Vol. 11, (November, 1989), p. 63.
119
Thirty-Meter Run (Standing Start)
Aim : To measure the running speed.
Equipment : Electronic Stop watch, measuring tape.
Test Administration
A sufficiently large free flat area was chosen for the conduct of the test.
Two straight lines were drawn parallel to each other at a distance of thirty
meters from each other. The subject stood behind the starting line in a
comfortable position. On the command “go” the subject ran thirty meters
distance at top speed. A timer positioned in line with the finish line recorded
the time taken to cover the thirty-meter distance5.
Scoring
Time taken to cover 30 meter was recorded in 1/100 of a second.
5O.Diallo and other, “Effects of Plyometric Training followed by a reduced Training Programme on Physical Performance in Prepubescent Soccer Players”, Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41.3, (Septmber, 2001), 342-48.
121
20 Meter Multi Stage Shuttle Run (20-MST)
Aim : To measure cardiovascular endurance.
Equipment: Recorded ‘bleep’ audiocassette and a tape player, Steel
measuring tape, Color Markers and cones.
Test Administration
The Multi-Stag Fitness shuttle run test, is also known as the ‘bleep’ or
‘beep’ or ‘shuttle run’ test, is used to estimate an athlete’s maximum oxygen
uptake. The 'bleep' test involves running continuously between two points that
are 20 meters apart. These ‘shuttle’ runs are performed in time to pre-recorded
‘bleep’ sounds on a pre-recorded audiocassette. The time taken between the
recorded ‘bleeps’ decrease after each minute. The test consists of 23 levels.
Each level lasts 60 seconds. A level is a series of 20-meter ‘shuttle runs’. The
starting speed is 8.5 km/hr and then increases by 0.5km/hr with each new level.
The audiotape used for this test gives a single ‘bleep’ at intervals, which
indicates the end of a shuttle, and 3 ‘bleeps’ indicates the start of the next level.
The subject was asked to start with his foot on or behind the starting
point. He ran from one line to other which was 20 meter apart continuously,
one foot touching the end line in accordance with a pace dictated by a sound
signal by the tape recorder. The running speed was increased every minute by
0.5 km/hour. The subject kept on running for as long as possible, until he can
no longer keep up with the speed set by the tape. The test was conducted on a
free-leveled area with sufficient free space for the subjects to run.
Such of those subjects who failed to reach the end of the shuttle before
the beep, were asked to try two or three more shuttles to try and make up the
pace before his test was ended. The subject was required to stop if, on two
consecutive laps, he failed to reach a line 3 meter from the end of the line, or
122
felt undue distress. The stage at which the subject dropped out was the test
result and served as an indicator of his cardio respiratory endurance6.
Scoring
The number of stages subject ran was counted, and that was the score of
that subject. Later the stages were converted into actual score by converting the
stage into subject’s maximum oxygen uptake ml/kg/min.
Side Splits
Aim : To Measure the stretch ability of legs
Equipment : Sliding measuring scale, Chalk Marker
Test Administration
The subject stood on a flat-leveled floor. From a standing position,
subject extended the legs apart, side-to-side and lowered the crotch as near to
the floor as possible. Both the arms were kept sideward. The movement
performed was slow and without bouncing actions. The knees were locked at
the time of lowering the body. When the subject reached the lowest point, the
tester measured the distance from crotch to the floor in centimeter. During the
lowering, an assistant stood behind the subject with the zero end of the
yardstick on the floor. When the lowest point was reached, the case was raised
upward until the ruler guide rested under the crotch. The subject’s arms may
touch the floor during the test. The subject was asked not to shift past the
vertical during the measurement7.
Scoring
The distance was recorded in centimeter from the floor to the crotch,
that is, lowest point. Best of the three trials was recorded.
6 http://www.fitnesszone.co.za/trainer7.htm, on line Internet, 20th December 2004.
7Johnson and Nelson, op.cit., p.91.
125
Trunk Twist
Aim : To measure extent flexibility of trunk and shoulder muscles in a lateral
movement.
Equipment: Calibrated wall-mounting scale with centimeter gradation, colored
Marker, Duster, Steel Measuring Tape and Adhesive Tape.
Test Administration
The subject stood in upright position. A line was drawn at right angle to
the wall. The subject stood by keeping his feet together and perpendicular to,
with toes touching the line drawn at right angle to the wall. The right-handed
subject stood with left side towards the wall and vise-versa, so that the fist can
just touch the wall, when the left arm is held horizontal. To assume the starting
position the right arm was raised side horizontal with palm down and fingers
extended together, and an assistant or partner placed a foot alongside the
subject’s right foot to prevent movement. From this position the subject
twisted clockwise reached back around as far as possible, touched the wall
scale momentarily with the right hand. The wall scale was 30” long, marked in
½” intervals, and of sufficient width to accommodate varying heights of
subject’s. The scale was aligned horizontally so that the 12” mark was directly
above the floor line8.
Scoring
One practice trial was given followed by one test trial. Distance from the
farthest point held at least two seconds and measured to the nearest inch was
the score. The score was then converted into centimeter.
8Carlton R. Meyers, Measurement in Physical Education (2nd ed.; New York:
The Roland Press Company, 1974), pp. 614-615.
127
SEMO Agility
Aim : To measure general agility of the body in maneuvering forward,
backward and sideward.
Equipment : Stopwatch, Four Plastic cones, Steel Measuring tape.
Test Administration
A rectangle measuring 19 feet by 12 feet was marked by meeting of
points A, B, C and D on a leveled floor. The course was set up according to the
figure shown. Plastic cones were kept at four corners of the rectangle. The
subject was asked to run sideward from the start line ‘A’ on the signal “go”
upto B, and pass outside the corner cone and then backpedaled from B to D
and pass to the inside of the corner cone. The subject then sprinted forward
from D to A and pass outside the corner cone. He then backpedaled from A to
C and passed to the inside of the corner cone. He then sprinted forward from C
to B and passed outside of the corner cone. After this, he then side stepped
from B to finish at A. Stopwatch was stopped as soon as the subject crossed the
finish line. This was considered as one trial9.
Time taken to complete the course as mentioned above was recorded to
the nearest 1/100 of a second. The better of the two trials was recorded to the
nearest 1/100 of second.
9Johnson and Nelson, op.cit., p.230.
129
Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance
Aim : To measure the ability to jump accurately and maintain balance during
and after movement.
Equipment: Stopwatch, steel-measuring tape, 1- by 3/4 of an inch marking
tape.
Test Administration
A straight line measuring 180 inch in length was drawn on the floor.
The tester pasted eleven 1 by ¾ inch pieces of marking tape on the floor at
regular intervals as depicted in the diagram along the 180 inch straight line.
The subject was told to stand with the right foot on the starting mark “S”, then
leaped to the first tape mark 1, with the left foot and tried to hold a steady
position on the ball of his left foot for as many seconds as possible upto 5
seconds. He then leaped to the second tape 2 with the right foot to repeat the
process and thus continued alternating the feet from tape to tape up to 10th
tape.
He remained on each tape mark for as many seconds as possible upto a
maximum of 5 seconds, and was asked to place foot on the tape completely to
cover it so that it cannot be seen10
.
Scoring
The score for each successful landing on a mark 5 points and in addition one
point was awarded for each second the balance was held upto a maximum of 5
seconds at each mark. A subject can thus earn a maximum of 100 points for the test.
A subject lost 5 points if he (1) failed to stop on the leaping leg, (2) any part of the
body or heel touched the ground with other then ball of the supporting foot, (3)
failed to completely cover the marking with the ball of the foot. When the subject
lost balance, he must step back on to the proper marker and then leap to the next
marker. A flat, free area was chosen for the conduct of the test.
10Johnson and Nelson, op. cit., pp.242-243.
130
Figure 10. Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance
Figure 10a. Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance
131
Backward Ball Throw
Aim : To find out the kinesthetic differentiation ability of the upper limbs
(extremity)
Equipment: Gymnastic mat measuring 2 meters by 1 meter, 01 medicine ball
of one kilogram weight, base balls-six numbers, hoop of 40 centimeter
diameter, a steel measuring tape.
Test Administration
The gymnastic mat was kept on the ground widthwise, two meters away
from the start line. The hoop 40 was placed on the middle of the mat. The
medicine ball was placed in the middle of the hoop. The base balls will be kept
inside a basket mounted on a tripod stand a yard away from the starting line.
The subject stood behind the starting line facing away from gymnastic mat. A
testing assistant handed over him baseballs one at a time so that the subject
throw them. The subject was asked to throw the baseball one after another over
the head backwards, aiming at the medicine ball kept at the center of the
gymnastic mat, taking not more than 15 seconds after each throw. Each subject
was given five throws11
.
Scoring
When the thrown ball touched the mat outside the hoop one point was
awarded. When the thrown ball touched the hoop, two points were awarded.
When the thrown ball touched the mat between the medicine ball and hoop,
three points were awarded. When the thrown ball touched the medicine ball,
four points were awarded. No point was awarded when the thrown ball missed
the gymnastics mat. A total points scored in five test trials was the score of the
player.
11Peter Hirtz, Koordinative Fakigkiten im Schulsports (Berlin:Volk und
Wissen,Volkseigner,1985), p. 133.
133
Numbered Medicine Ball
Aim : To evaluate space orientation ability.
Equipment : Six medicine balls, Steel Measuring Tape, Electronic stop watch.
Test Administration
The course was arranged as shown in diagram (fig). Five medicine balls
of three-kilogram weight were arranged in a semi-circle with a distance of 1.50
meter away from the middle of each ball. The 6th
medicine ball weighing four
kilogram was placed three meters from the middle ball in the semi circle
towards the center. Single digit number plates were kept visible behind all the
five balls. The subject stood near the 6th
medicine ball facing opposite side. On
the signal, the subject made an “about turn” and ran and touched the particular
ball, the number of which was called by the tester and comes back, touched the
four kilogram medicine ball which was called as “leader ball”. Every time a
subject touched the medicine ball, as announced by the tester and rushed back
to touch the “leader ball” the tester called another number towards which the
subject ran. This was continued till the subject touched “leader ball” for the
third time after touching three medicine balls as announced by the tester. The
whole process was continuous. The time started on the signal “go”, and stop
watch was stopped when the subject touched the “leader ball” the third time.
This was considered as one chance. The places of numbered balls were
changed for different subjects before fresh trials12
.
Scoring
Time taken to complete one set was recorded to nearest 1/100 of a
second. Three trials were allowed to each subject and best was credited to the
subject
12Ibid. p. 134.
135
Ball Reaction Exercise
Aim : To assess complex reaction ability.
Equipment: Wooden plank of four-meter length, ten-centimeters in width, and
two centimeter thick, graduated in centimeters lengthwise, one volleyball, steel
measuring tape, wall bar of 120-centimeter height and a whistle.
Test Administration
To assess the complex reaction ability, two wooden planks each 4-meter
length were kept slanting close to each other from 120 cm height from the wall
bar and the other ends of the planks were supported on the floor. Outer side of
the plank was graduated in centimeters. There was sufficient gap between the
planks for the volleyball to roll freely. The tester stood near the top end of the
wooden planks, supporting the volleyball kept between the planks preventing it
from rolling down. The subject was made to stand 150 cm away from the
lower end of the slanting plank towards the left and facing the opposite side.
On signal, the tester take off the hands from the ball and the subject rushed by
making an “about turn” towards the planks and tried to stop the rolling ball,
which was let loose on the signal. The ball was stopped with both the hands as
shown in the figure13
.
Scoring
The distance was measured from the top of the wooded plank to the
point where the volleyball was stopped. Each subject got two chances and the
best was recorded as the score of the subject in centimeter.
13Ibid., p.136.
137
Distance Perception Jump
Aim : To measure ability to perceive distance by concentrating on the effort
involved in a jump.
Equipment : Steel Measuring tape, Blindfold, color Marker.
Test Administration
The subject stood behind the start line. He was instructed to sense the
distance between two lines, which were 24 inches apart, without a practical
trial. The subject was blindfolded and was asked to jump from behind the
starting line trying to land with the heels as close to the target line as possible.
The distance from heel to the target line was measured and recorded. He was
then allowed to see where he landed on each trial. Ten trials were given. The
course was laid according to Figure14
.
Scoring
For each jump the distance to the nearest centimeter from the target line
to the farthest heel was measured and recorded. The score for ten jumps was
recorded and aggregated.
Performance rating in team sports is a very hazardous task. Several
factors are to taken into consideration before rating the players performance
subjectively. It is imperative that the assessment should not be biased and it
must follow certain standard. Player should be given equal opportunities to
show their talent. In a game or in a competition, a player integrates variety of
skills, strategy, tactics and the outcome is the performance. A holistic approach
of assessment based on certain criteria helps in judging the performance, which
provides constructive feedback.
14Johnson and Nelson, op.cit., p.441.
139
To rate the performance of Kabaddi players, three expert coaches who
have wide knowledge and experience in Kabaddi were named and were asked
to rate the performance of players while they participated in competition on a
ten point rating scale. The points awarded by the three expert coaches were
aggregated and divided by the three to get the average score for each subject.
The experts were informed to follow a uniform pattern of game observation
and to assess the performance and grade each player independently. Guidelines
and performance chart were provided to facilitate assessment of performance
during the competition and the same were given in Table 3 and Table 4.
Table 3
Guidelines for Assessment of Performance
Sl no Variables Criteria for awarding points Points
1 Positional
Play
Place of standing in relation to raider 1-2
To and forth movement in relation to raiders movement 3-4
Keeping safe when attacked by Raider 5-6
Escaping from attack and positioning back 7-8
Positioning and escaping when less players in defense and
keeping safe
9-10
2
Ability to
Initiate
Hold
Initiation of Individual Hold 1-2
Initiation of Individual Hold and reaching the raider 3-4
Individual hold with combination 5-6
Reaching the raider for different Chain hold 7-8
Any successful hold and gaining point for the team 9-10
3 Ability to
Support
Reaching the raider to support the initiator 1-2
Reaching the raider to support the initiator and hold at right time 3-4
Supporting during chain hold 5-6
Support during follow through action 7-8
Support during raider’s escape/counter moves in crucial
situations
9-10
4 Tactics of
defense
Defense during aggressive raid 1-2
Defense when there are less defense players 3-4
Defense not allowing bonus line crossing 5-6
Defense and not allowing scoring opportunity to raider 7-8
Depth in defense and not allowing the raider to score points
and baulk line defense without allowing point to raider
9-10
5 Raiding
Ability
Variation in Raiding techniques 1-2
Variation in Raiding techniques and raiding on bonus line 3-4
Raiding when the players are less (3,4 and 5 players) and
scoring points
5-6
Raiding for points 7-8
Penetrating defense and scoring points along with bonus
points
9-10
140
Table 3. (Continued)
6 Leg
Touches
Executing successful leg touch 1-2
Executing successful leg touch to earn a point 3-4
Executing successful leg touch to earn a point with bonus
point
5-6
Executing successful leg touch to earn two points 7-8
Executing successful, successive leg touches in the same
raid and to earn more than two points and bonus points
9-10
7 Hand
Touches
Executing successful hand touch 1-2
Executing successful hand touch to earn a point 3-4
Executing successful running /turn and hand touch to earn a
point with bonus point
5-6
Executing successful hand touch to earn two point 7-8
Executing hand touches by disturbing the defense and
earning two are more points by fainting movement and
earning bonus point
9-10
8
Tactics of
Raid
Raiding for point 1-2
Use of counter moves for leg touches/hand touches 3-4
Use of turns and falls for escaping 5-6
Use of falls /slides/jumping over anti to escape and earning
two are more points
7-8
Playing for lona/ baulk line and earning point for the team
on crucial time
9-10
9 General
Behavior
Obey of rules, decision given by official 1-2
Obey of rules, decision given by official and playing
without dangerous game,
3-4
Obeying official, captain of the team, playing, playing
without dangerous game
5-6
Obeying captain, Obeying official and co-operating with
team mates, playing without dangerous game
7-8
Punctual, hard working, obeying captain and officials,
without playing dangerous game, no warning cards and team
member attitude
9-10
10 Control
Adjusting system (when there are 6-7 players) according to
raider/ adjusting raid according system of play (when there
are 6-7 players)
1-2
Adjusting system (when there are 3-4-5 players) according
to raider/ adjusting raid according system of play (when
there are 3-4-5 players)
3-4
Adjusting system (when there are 6-7 players) according to
raider/ adjusting raid according system of play (when there
are 6-7 players. To score points
5-6
Adjusting system (when there are 3-4-5 players) according
to raider/ adjusting raid according system of play (when
there are 3-4-5 players
7-8
Systems of play and not allowing raider to score points in crucial
situations and scoring point through defense/Raiding under very
crucial situation and securing point by escaping from hold
9-10
141
Table 4.
Performance Rating Scale for Assessment of Performance
of Junior National Male Kabaddi Players
Sl No Variables Performance Points
1 Positional Play 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 Ability to Initiate Hold 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3 Ability to Support 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4 Tactics of defense 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 Raiding Ability 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
6 Leg Touches 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
7 Hand Touches 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
8 Tactics of Raid 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
9 General Behavior 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 Control 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Total Point scored by Player
Instructions for the expert:
1. Expert should encircle the number in each category.
2. Expert should assess each category separately and independently.
3. Point secured by each player in each category is to be totaled and
divided by ten to get the performance rating of the player.
STATISTICAL PROCEDURE
The following statistical procedure were adopted facilitating analysis
and interpretation of data.
1. To establish the difference between the selected independent criterion
variables and offensive and defensive Kabaddi players “t” value was
computed.
2. To establish the relationship of various independent criterion variables,
with dependent variable, Pearson product moment correlation was
computed.
3. To find out the predictor of performance in Kabaddi Multiple regression
and stepwise regression was computed.