Post on 05-Jan-2016
transcript
Chapter Six
Social, Emotional, and Behavioral
Challenges
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Definitions
Social challenges
Emotional challenges
Behavioral challenges
The individual’s ability to interact with others
Feelings about oneself
Overt and convert actions of an individual
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Social Challenges
• Deficit in social skills• Impulsiveness• Low tolerance for frustration• Difficulties in handling day-to-day social
interactions and situations
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Emotional Challenges
• Depression – general pervasive mood of unhappiness
• Low self-concept – negative views of themselves
• Anxiety – feelings of panic
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Behavioral Challenges
• Acting out• Engaging in work refusal• Seeking attention for inappropriate
behaviors
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Assessing Social and Emotional Behaviors
• Interview instruments• Sociometric techniques• Behavioral assessment• Functional assessment
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Functional Behavioral Assessment
• Identify the target problem behavior.• Develop an hypothesis about what
conditions provoke the problem behavior.• Determine what seems to maintain the
occurrence of the behavior.
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The ABCs of Functional Assessment
A – Antecedent – What happens before the behavior occurs
B – Behavior – specific description of the behavior
C – Consequence – What happens after the behavior occurs
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ABC Functional Assessment
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Example of ABC Functional Assessment
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Developing Social Competencies
• Self-perception• Sensitivity to other people• Social maturity• Learning strategies for social skills• Social skills programs
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Strategies for Students with Emotional Problems
Strengthening self-esteem through:
– Therapeutic relationships– Bibliotherapy– Magic circle– Creative media– Counseling– Psychiatric and psychological services
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Problems Resulting from Academic Failure
• Frustration• Acting out to avoid aversive academic
tasks
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Restructuring Academic Work
• Choice in assignments• Response cards• Student interests• Alternatives to worksheets
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Problems with Suspensions
• Students with disabilities have higher rates of suspensions than those without disabilities.
• Students with OHI and LD have higher risk of being suspended than students without disabilities of same race.
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Disadvantages of Suspension
• Students fall behind academically.• Suspension disengages students from
school.• Suspension allows students to escape.• Suspension does not teach students social
skills.
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Functions of Behavior
• Access – to attention, power, an object• Escape/Avoidance – Does not want to do
a task because of fear of failure or embarrassment
• Sensory stimulation – Over or under sensitive to certain stimuli
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Positive Behavioral Interventions
• Plan developed based on functional assessment
• Teaches replacement behavior• Reinforces positive replacement behavior
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Instructional Strategies to Reduce Behavioral Problems
• Alter academic work to provide success• Create a positive learning environment• Provide errorless learning techniques
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Behavior Management Strategies
• Contingency contracting• Appropriate use of time-out• Motivation
– How do students become interested enough to initiate learning?
– What causes students to move toward a goal?
– What causes students to sustain interest to reach that goal?
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More Behavioral Strategies
• Attribution Theory• Cognitive Behavior Modification
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Reinforcement
• Increases or changes a target behavior• Can be tangible or non-tangible• Premack Principle – nonpreferred activity
is reinforced with a preferred activity
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Reinforcers
• Extrinsic – external, such as food, toys, or social-praise
• Intrinsic – internal, such as satisfaction of mastering a task