CharacterizatCharacterizationion

CharacterizationCharacterization

Method used by the writer to develop character.

Characterization Characters are revealed in several ways:

1) Showing the character’s ____________________

2) Displaying the character’s ____________________

Characterization Characterization (cont.)(cont.)

3) Revealing the character’s __________________

4) Letting the character ________

5) Getting the __________________

Protagonist

One character that is clearly _____________ to the story with all major events having some importance to the character.

Antagonist

The __________ of the

main character

Characters Characters are convincing if they are:

• ______________

• ______________

• ______________ (resemble real people)

Dynamic Character

Many sided personalities that ____________, for better or worse, by the

end of the story

Static Character• A character who ______________ develop or change throughout the story

• Have one or two characteristics that do not change “stereotype”(ex:cruel stepmother)

Major Characters• _______________ and ____________ (dynamic)

• Display ____________character traits

• ____________ throughout the plot

• “Protagonist”

Minor Characters• __________-dimensional characters

• Can be summarized by a single statement or phrase

• ___________character traits (static)

PlotPlot

PlotPlot• Chain of _________ events that take place in a story

• Writer’s __________ for what happens, when it happens, and to whom it happens

Plot

The events of a plot progress because of a __________, or struggle

between opposing forces.

Elements of PlotElements of Plot• Exposition

• Rising Action• Climax

• Falling Action• Resolution

Exposition• Lays the groundwork for the plot and provides essential _______________ information

• _______________ are introduced, setting is described, and plot begins to unfold

Rising Action• As story progresses, _______________ usually arise

• Causes difficulties for main characters and making conflict more difficult to resolve

• ______________ builds

Climax

• ________________ of the action

• Moment when interest and intensity reach their peak

Climax

Involves an important event, decision, or

discovery that affects the _________________.

Falling Action• Consists of the events that occur ____________ the climax

• Usually the conflict is resolved and the intensity of the action ___________.

Falling Action• Denouement (French word) that means “untying”

• Tangles of the plot are untied and mysteries are ___________.

Resolution

Conclusion, tying all the

__________________.

Fiction

Two Meanings

• To make up or invent

• To make by shaping

Fiction

A narrative that springs from the

________________________, though it may be based on _______________ and __________________.

Purpose

The writer shapes his or her narrative to capture the reader’s interest and to achieve

desired effects.

Types of Fiction

•_____________•_____________

Novels• _________________ length (usually takes several days or even weeks to read

• _______________ plot that unfolds through the actions, speech, and thoughts of characters

Short Stories

• ____________ work of fiction that can be read at one sitting

• Generally, it develops ______ primary conflict and produces a __________ effect

Novels and Short Stories

• ____________• ___________• ___________• ___________

Nonfiction

Nonfiction• Writing about _________ people, places, and events.

• Largely concerned with ________ information

• Writer shapes the information according to his or her ____________ and ______________.

Examples of Nonfiction

• Newspaper articles• Cookbooks• Letters• Movie Reviews• Editorials• Speeches• True-life adventure stories

Autobiography

• Written by subject (author)• ______________• ______________ point of view

• Covers lengthy period of subject’s life

Autobiography

• Focuses on the most ____________ events and people in his or her life

• Usually book length because it covers a long span of years

AutobiographyShorter types of autobiographical narratives include:

• Journals• Diaries• Letters(Originate as private writing)

Autobiographical Essay

Focus on single persons or events in the author’s lives

• Nicholas Gage’s“The Teacher Who Changed

My Life”

Biography

An account of a person’s life, written by _________ person.

Biography• Writer of a biography often ________________ his or her subjects in order to present accurate information.

• Draw upon ___________ ______________ of his or her subject

Biography

Usually book length but there are also shorter forms of biographical

writing.

Point of View

Point of View

The _____________ point from which a story is told.

First Person• Narrator is a character in the work who tells the story in his or her _______ words as he or she ___________ it.

First Person• The reader sees only into the _____________ mind

• Uses first-person pronouns: ____, ____, and _____

Second Person•Often used to give _____ or ____________

•Uses the pronoun ______ to address the reader

Third Person• Creates sense of ____________ and _______________

• Narrator has access to ______ the characters’ thoughts and actions

• Uses pronouns: _____, _____, _____, _______

3rd Limited POV• Narrator stands _________ the action and focuses on ________ character’s actions, thoughts, observations, and feelings.

3rd Limited POV• The reader sees only into that character’s mind

• Uses pronouns:he, she, they

3rd Omniscient• The narrator is an ________________, ____________observer who stands outside the action and reports what ___________ characters are doing, thinking, and feeling.

3rd Omniscient• The reader sees into _____________ characters’ minds

• Uses pronouns: he, she, they

Mood and ToneMood and Tone

MoodMood

• The _________, or The _________, or ____________, that a writer ____________, that a writer creates for the reader.creates for the reader.

• The feeling you get The feeling you get when you read the book.when you read the book.

MoodMood

• It can create a feeling of It can create a feeling of happiness, or it can make you happiness, or it can make you feel sad or worried.feel sad or worried.

• ___________, ___________, ___________, ___________, ________________, _______, and ________________, _______, and __________ all contribute to the __________ all contribute to the mood of a work of literature.mood of a work of literature.

ToneTone

The ____________ a writer The ____________ a writer takes toward his or her takes toward his or her

subject.subject.

ToneTone

• A writer’s word choice, A writer’s word choice, choice of details, and choice of details, and direct statements of his or direct statements of his or her position about a subject her position about a subject help to create the tone.help to create the tone.

• Serious, ironic, humorous, bitter

DifferencesDifferences

• ___________: intended to shape the reader’s emotional response to a work

• ___________: reflects the feelings of the writer

Mood or Tone?Mood or Tone?

• Jane opened the door.Jane opened the door. As she As she walked downstairs, she noticed walked downstairs, she noticed that a few things were missing.that a few things were missing. As she continued downstairs, As she continued downstairs, she heard noises coming from she heard noises coming from around the corner.around the corner. She felt her She felt her spine tingle.spine tingle.

Mood or Tone?Mood or Tone?

• Cheating is unacceptable. If Cheating is unacceptable. If a student is caught cheating, a student is caught cheating, then the student will receive a then the student will receive a zero on the assignment or quiz. zero on the assignment or quiz. Students should rely on their Students should rely on their own minds rather than those own minds rather than those around them.around them.