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Checklist of vascular plants recorded from Chatham Islands
Checklist of vascular plants recorded from Chatham Islands
Peter J. de Lange; Peter B. Heenan; Jeremy R. Rolfe
JULY 2011
Department of ConservationWellington Hawke’s Bay ConservancyP.O. Box 5086Wellington 6145
This report was prepared for the Department of Conservation, Wellington Hawke’s Bay Conservancy by Peter J. de Lange1 (corresponding author), Peter B. Heenan2, and Jeremy R. Rolfe3.
Cover: Chatham Island forget-me-not. Photo: Peter de Lange.
© Copyright July 2011, New Zealand Department of Conservation
ISBN 978-0-478-14882-4 (printed copy)ISBN 978-0-478-14883-1 (web PDF)
In the interest of forest conservation, we support paperless electronic publishing. Limited copies of this report are printed. It is also available from the departmental website in pdf form. Refer to www.doc.govt.nz.
1. Ecosystems and Species Unit, Research and Development, C/- Auckland Conservancy, P.B. 68908, Newton, Auckland 1145.2. Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln 7640.3. Wellington Hawke’s Bay Conservancy, P.O. Box 5086, Wellington 6145.
CONTENTS
Executive summary 1
Introduction 2
The Chatham Islands 3
Location 3
Botanical exploration—a short history 4
Methods 6
Discussion 8
The Chathams vascular flora 8
Acknowledgements 19
References 20
Appendix 1
Checklist of the vascular flora of the Chatham Islands 23
Appendix 2
Rejected taxa 55
Appendix 3
Misapplied names, synonyms and misidentifications 56
1de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Executive summary
This checklist is an update and revision of the previous indigenous vascular plant checklist of the Chatham Island archipelago (de Lange et al. 1999a). In line with the stated intention of providing a full annotated vascular flora for the islands (de Lange et al. 1999a), this checklist incorporates the first full listing of those indigenous and naturalised vascular species that have been collected from the islands since Mueller (1864).
The Chatham Island archipelago has a vascular flora of 875 taxa (including hybrid combinations) and 27 informally recognised entities—a total of 902. Forty-one taxa (including three hybrid combinations) are endemic, 400 indigenous, and 434 are considered naturalised. Twenty-one of the naturalised taxa are indigenous to the main islands of New Zealand but naturalised on the Chatham Islands. Of the 27 informally recognised entities, 13 are potentially endemic to the islands, 11 are indigenous to the islands and three are naturalised. Two hybrid combinations, involving the Chatham Island endemics Coprosma chathamica and C. propinqua var. martinii and the naturalised New Zealand species C. robusta, are known from Chatham Island. There are two endemic, monotypic genera, the Chatham Island sow thistle (Embergeria Boulos) and Chatham Island forget-me-not (Myosotidium Hook.f.).
Of the 411 non-endemic indigenous taxa and informal entities, 117 (29%) are known on the Chatham Islands from fewer than five gatherings each—these taxa do appear to be genuinely uncommon on the islands. Whether this is evidence of recent dispersal from New Zealand (see comments by Shepherd et al. 2009 on New Zealand – Chatham Islands occurrences of Asplenium hookerianum) or a decline in abundance through ongoing habitat deterioration is worthy of further study.
A further 50 literature records of taxa recorded from the islands by botanists are rejected from this listing on the basis that they are not supported by herbarium vouchers.
The inclusion of plants naturalised to the Chatham Islands in this checklist provides for the first time an immediate resource of verifiable plant records that can be used to determine naturalised plant management priorities, and assist with predicting potential weeds. This listing will also help identify those naturalised plant families, genera and species which are as yet absent from the islands and which have had a harmful impact on the natural ecosystems, agricultural and urban landscape or waterways in New Zealand proper. This is important because by identifying these gaps informed decisions can then be made by the relevant administering bodies about what measures need to be taken to prevent these exotic plants reaching the islands.
2 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Introduction
The Chatham Islands have long been recognised as having a special flora, so much so that when the first gatherings of plant specimens made from there by Ernst Dieffenbach in 1840 reached the eminent English Botanist Joseph Hooker (1817–1911) he made it known that he regarded the Chatham Islands Flora as his domain and up to him to document first (Connor 1998). This view came to the attention of the remarkable Australian botanist Ferdinand Mueller (1825–1896), who at the time was feeling disaffected by comments made about his botanical research by Hooker and his colleague George Bentham, lead (and often considered sole) author of the Flora of Australia. While accounts vary, it seems that Mueller elected to “do” the Chatham Flora first, an action that for its time bordered on heresy, and so began a largely clandestine “gentlemen’s” war fought over the islands flora by men who never set foot there, or even it seems particularly cared for the place (Connor 1998). Mueller gets the credit for winning the first round with the publication of his Chatham Islands Flora (Mueller 1864), an act that then set in motion a fascinating history of competitive botanical exploration and, as a sideline, some rather entertaining Darwinian and theological squabbles (Connor 1998). This stoush was only laid to rest when Leonard Cockayne became the first professional botanist to visit the islands, in the process not only describing a range of new endemic plants but also offering what is still the best and most comprehensive published overview of the vegetation associations of the islands (Cockayne 1902).
Today the Chatham’s are world renowned for their indigenous flora and fauna. The spectacular Chatham Island forget-me-not (Myosotidium hortensium) is widely regarded the world over as the plant that epitomises the Chatham Islands, in part because it combines beauty with rarity and threat helped by the fact that it has proved so very amenable to cultivation. Equally few people will not have heard of the remarkable snatch from the very brink of extinction of the endemic Chatham Island robin (Petroica traversi) (Butler & Merton 1992). Indeed, publications dealing with the islands’ unusual biota, spectacular geology and distinctive island culture are now both numerous and hugely popular (e.g., Richards 1952; King 1996; de Lange et al. 1999a; Walls et al. 2003; Aikman & Miskelly 2004; Campbell & Hutching 2007; Miskelly 2008a; Heenan et al. 2010). Today the islands are an increasingly popular destination for ecotourists keen on seeing the geology, flora and fauna of the islands, as well as experiencing the islands’ distinctive peoples and cultures.
This publication adds to that wealth of literature by significantly updating and improving the earlier Chatham Island indigenous vascular Flora (de Lange et al. 1999a). This revision is also the first to list both indigenous and naturalised plants from the islands, thereby providing the first crucial step toward the intended preparation of a full vascular flora treatment of the archipelago, the first to be attempted since Mueller’s landmark publication of 1864 (see de Lange et al. 2007).
3de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
The Chatham Islands
LocationThe Chatham Islands archipelago is located about 860 kilometres east of Christchurch, New Zealand, at about latitude 44oS (Figure 1). Collectively the 40 islands, islets and rock stacks occupy a land area of about 97,000 hectares. The two largest islands, Chatham (Rekohu/Wharekauri) Island (90,000 ha) and Pitt (Rangiauria) Island (6,190 ha) are the only islands permanently inhabited by people, but all the islands, islets and rock stacks except, possibly, the remote Forty Fours, Western Reef, The Pyramid, the Murumuru Rock Stacks, and the Castle show signs of past human modifi cation, either from past, temporary, or permanent settlement, or through varying levels of vegetation modifi cation as evidenced by composition and structure of the fl ora.
Kaingaroa
Rabbit Island
PETRE BAYHANSON BAY
Glory Bay
L.Huro
L. Rangitai
Okawa Point
Te One
Wharekauri
Wairua
Te Awapatiki
Manukau Point
Stony Crossing
Point Munning
Awatotara Creek
Mau
ngan
ui B
each
Awarakau
Waikeri Beach
PITT STRAIT
Ocean Bay
Whangatete Inlet
Port Hutt
(W
hangaroa Harbour)
Tennants Lake
L. Waikauia
Tuku-a-tamatea RiverPoint Gap
Waitangi West
L. Rakeinui
Gillesp
ie Crk
Lake Taia
Lake Kairae
Lake Kaingarahu
Green Point
Te Awatapu
Long Beach
Koromaunga
Ohinemama
Lake Makuku
Airport
Western Reef
Eastern Reef
Nai
rn
R.
Te Roto
L. Marakapia
Hapupu
L. Te Rangatapu
Otoi Crk
Tutuiri Crk
Man
gaho
u Crk
WhangamarinoWairarapa Crk
Waihi Crk
Te Matarae
TUKU RD
OWENGA RD
NO
RT
H R
D
WH
AR
EK
AURI RD
PORT HUTT RD
AIR
PO
RT RD
Kaipakau Lake
North Island
South Island
ChathamIslands
Stewart Island Bounty Is
Antipodes Is
Mt Chudleigh
MANGERE ISLANDLITTLE MANGERE I.
(TAPUAENUKU)
RANGATIRA (SOUTH EAST ISLAND)
The CastleSail Rock
Te WhangaLagoon
Waitangi
Owenga
Te Awatea
Tupuangi
Tupuangi
Mairangi
Point Durham
Maunganui
Hakepa
Point Weeding
Tioriori
Red Bluff
Cape Young
Rangiauria Point
The HornsCape L’Eveque
Taupeka
Flower Pot
Matarakau
Moreroa
O
hira Bay
Waihere Bay
Te Whakaru Island
Ngatikitiki
CHATHAM ISLAND(REKOHU, WHAREKAURI)
THE SISTERS(RANGITATAHI)
FORTY FOURS(MOTUHARA)
PITT ISLAND(RANGIAURIA)
STAR KEYS(MOTUHOPE)
THE PYRAMID(TARAKOIKOIA)
0 25 km
44° 20'
44° 10'
44° 00'
43° 50'
S Lat.43° 40'
176° 40' 176° 30' 176° 20' 176° 10' 176° 00'W Long.176° 50'
Figure 1: The location and spatial extent of the Chatham Islands.
4 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Botanical exploration—a short historyThe fi rst attempt to treat the Chatham islands vascular fl ora was that by Ferdinand Mueller (Mueller 1864) (Fig. 2) who, working from his base in Melbourne, Australia and solely using plant specimens (Fig. 3) gathered for him from the islands in 1863 by Henry Hammersley Travers, listed 87 species in 67 genera, and described eight endemics (Connor 1998). Mueller also listed 8 naturalised species, to which Travers (1868) added a further two species, mustard (Sinapis arvensis) and white clover (Trifolium repens). Subsequent enumerations by Mueller (1873a), based on the second 1871 visit by H. H. Travers to the islands, listed 123 genera and 183 species. However, Mueller’s second treatment was incomplete, listing only genera for the islands and not the species or lower ranks seen. Mueller’s last contribution to the Chatham Islands fl ora came with his formal recognition of a new genus Sporadanthus (Mueller 1874) for the restiad rush-like plant he had originally described in 1873 as Lepyrodia traversii (Mueller 1873b).
At about the same time that Mueller was actively working on the Chatham Islands, Wellington-based government botanist John Buchanan (see Adams 2002), working from a set of the same 1871 Travers gatherings provided to Mueller, recorded 109 dicotyledonous and 49 monocotyledonous species, and 47 ferns and lycophytes for the Chathams (Buchanan 1875). Buchanan also recognised as new and described the endemic Veronica chathamica (referred to in this checklist as Hebe chathamica), and reduced, incorrectly as it transpires, one of Mueller’s novelties (Senecio radiolatus) to varietal rank within S. lautus. Kirk (1873) working also with the same Travers gatherings provided the fi rst comprehensive listing of the naturalised plants for the Chatham Islands, recording 29 species, one of which, the plume grass Dichelachne crinita, is now regarded as indigenous (see Edgar & Connor 2000). Signifi cantly neither Buchanan nor Kirk visited the islands, although in the case of Kirk, there are Chatham specimens in his herbarium bearing his handwritten labels which suggest that he did go there. These we take as evidence of Kirk’s unconventional habit of relabeling specimens collected by others in his own hand with the collector often attributed to himself (see comments on Kirk’s herbarium labeling systems in de Lange 2007a).
While Buchanan and Kirk’s papers were as comprehensive as they could be from the evidence they had to hand, further investigation of the Chatham Islands vascular fl ora necessitated fi eld experience. So it was that following several weeks’ investigation of the vegetation of the main Chatham Island, Leonard Cockayne provided the fi rst comprehensive overview of that islands vegetation “formations” and fl ora (Cockayne 1902). In that paper Cockayne increased the indigenous vascular fl ora of the island group to 217 taxa (166 species and varieties of fl owering plants and 51 ferns and lycophytes), expanded the number of endemic vascular plant taxa from 9 to 31, and added a further 12 new indigenous plant records to the island group. Cockayne (1902) also rejected 12 taxa recorded by Buchanan off ering opinions as to actual identities of the plants Buchanan had reported, and he was also the fi rst to unequivocally state that Chatham Island Rhopalostylis was not R. sapida, instead, and rather insightfully (see Stalker 1998; de Lange 2007b) suggesting instead that the Chathams palm had more in common with R. baueri. Following
Figure 2. Ferdinand von Mueller—author of the fi rst Chatham Island fl ora. Photo: Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne.
Figure 3. A Travers herbarium specimen of parsely fern (Botrychium australe). Photo: © Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne.
5de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Cockayne’s paper, there has not been any detailed treatment dealing exclusively with the islands’ flora until the first version of this checklist (de Lange et al. 1999a). Prior to that, published information about the Chathams flora was relegated to mostly minor entries and comments under the relevant taxa entries in publications such as Kirk’s Students flora (Kirk 1899), Cheeseman’s Manual of the New Zealand Flora (Cheeseman 1906, 1925) and in the volumes of the New Zealand Flora series (see Allan 1961; Edgar & Connor 2000; Galloway 1985, 2007; Healy & Edgar 1980; Moore & Edgar 1970; Webb et al. 1988). Aspects and sometimes detailed accounts of the flora and vegetation of the smaller islands with the Chathams archipelago are also covered by Chappell (1987), de Lange & Sawyer (2008) and Taylor (1991).
Madden & Healy (1959) provided the first comprehensive account of the naturalised flora of the Chatham Islands. That work, listing 158 naturalised species, was based mainly on specimens gathered from the Chatham Islands by Madden, an agricultural scientist who visited the islands to assist with pasture development. In their paper, Madden & Healy provided an analysis of the likely origins of the weed flora, concluding that the majority of the weeds recorded had an agricultural origin. They also provided the first attempts at clarifying the status of several plants indigenous to New Zealand proper and which either had seemingly anomalous, restricted Chatham distributions, or an apparently “weedy” tendency there. They broke these plants down into three categories: (1) those that had been deliberately naturalised on the islands by the inhabitants for food or medicinal purposes, e.g., raupo (Typha orientalis C.Presl), (2) those that apparently came as an accidental impurity in grass seed or associated with livestock, e.g., Juncus pallidus, and lastly (3) plants that had escaped from gardens, citing as an example, tree fuchsia (Fuchsia excorticata) which they claimed owed its presence on Chatham Island to a deliberate planting made by a “nostalgic housewife”. Following this seminal paper, another (Northcroft 1975) was published posthumously by A.J. Healy some 51 years after the author, E.F. Northcroft, had visited the islands as a member of the 1924 Otago Institute expedition to the Chathams. While on the island, Northcroft studied the naturalised flora but his work and listing had been overlooked because it was unpublished. It was only rediscovered when Northcroft’s list was found in a collection of miscellaneous papers and reprints that had belonged to W.R.B. Oliver, a past Director of what is now the Museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa. This listing was then published as an annotated checklist by A.J. Healy (Northcroft 1975). Northcroft’s list provided documentation of a further 53 taxa (i.e., additional to those recorded by Madden & Healy 1959) he considered naturalised to the islands in 1924. Unfortunately, no herbarium specimens supporting Northcroft’s claims have ever been found. Nevertheless, of the 53 recorded by Northcroft, only 16 remain to be confirmed as present on the islands, while a further two records are likely based on misidentifications of other species widespread on the islands today.
More recently, Given (1996), in a general account of the Chatham Islands flora, stated that the vascular flora comprised about 325 indigenous vascular plants, 215 naturalised exotics and 40 or so endemics. Unfortunately, the list from which these figures were derived was not provided and we have been unable to locate it. Nevertheless, Given considered that while many of the weeds had previously arrived in agricultural machinery, building materials and other imports, many were now establishing from gardens. Some he felt had the potential to become invasive.
The accounts of Madden & Healy (1959), Northcroft (1975) and Given (1996) are noteworthy because otherwise all of the other literature we have seen dealing with the plants of the Chatham Islands, has tended to deal almost exclusively with the indigenous flora of the islands (Richards 1952; Druce & Kelly 1973; Given & Williams 1984; de Lange et al. 1999a; Molloy 2002). These accounts of indigenous species have, therefore, presented a false impression of the islands’ environmental condition and, as such, provide no baseline from which future biosecurity measures and weed control effort could be developed.
6 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Methods
Using the same methodology employed by de Lange et al. (1999a), we have based this listing on our own gatherings and those Chatham Island herbarium specimens held by the following New Zealand herbaria: Auckland Museum (AK1) (which now includes the former University of Auckland (AKU) herbarium), University of Canterbury (CANU), Allan Herbarium (CHR), National Forestry Herbarium (NZFRI), University of Waikato (WAIK), Museum of New Zealand – Te Papa Tongarewa (WELT), and Victoria University of Wellington (WELTU). We have also examined Chatham Island specimens held within the von Mueller collection housed in the Melbourne Herbarium (MEL), Australia and specimens held by the Natural History Museum of the British Museum (BM), Kew Gardens (K) and Munich, Germany (M). In all cases, to ensure quality control and remove any possible doubts over plant identity, we have physically examined specimens or clear images of these.
From this search and collation of specimens, a total of 902 taxa and informally recognised entities were accepted on the basis of the existence of an indisputable herbarium specimen seen by the authors (Appendix 1). In this listing, for all accepted entities, a representative herbarium specimen is cited. Records of plants naturalised to the New Zealand Botanical Region (as defined by Allan 1961) are marked with a ‘*’ whilst those indigenous to the main islands of New Zealand but not the Chatham Islands, and which have established on the Chathams are marked with a ‘†’. Although Madden & Healy (1959) correctly pointed out that, as these plants are naturalised to the Chathams, they should be regarded as exotic, we feel it is still useful to distinguish them from exotic taxa naturalised to the New Zealand subcontinent (of which the Chathams are undeniably part) from elsewhere in the world. This we feel is particularly important as some of these taxa have gone on to (uniquely) hybridise with their close Chatham relatives, and also because for some of them, e.g., Sophora chathamica, making an exact call on their naturalised status within limits of available evidence is difficult. Without recourse to other more complex technologies, such as DNA fingerprinting, we have had to rely on our own judgment. We accept, therefore, that in some instances where we have made a decision on indigenous versus naturalised status, further research may well prove us wrong.
In addition to the authenticated records accepted in the main listing, we list a further 50 taxa (Appendix 2) whose presence on the Chatham Islands has been recorded in past literature and for which we have not seen substantiating specimens. We also provide a list of those taxa recorded by past workers and which we have been able to equate to taxa either by linkage through synonymy or on the basis of probable confusion with plants we have recorded from the Chatham Islands in this listing (Appendix 3).
All taxa in this list are arranged according to the classification of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG III, 2009). For a simplified discussion of how this classification applies to the New Zealand Vascular Flora see de Lange & Rolfe (2010).
Lastly, like all plant listings, this checklist is merely a statement of what has been collected from the Chatham Islands that the authors have seen. We are certain that we have not yet captured the full vascular plant diversity of the islands. As such the authors are keen to see any plant specimens or clear images that confirm doubtful listings (see those listed), substantiate literature records, or are new to the islands. Please note that it is an offence under the Native Plants Protection Act of 1934 to collect plants without approval from the landowner, and that all indigenous plants are protected on land vested as reserve by
1. Herbarium acronyms follow those recommended by Holmgren et al. (1990).
7de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
the crown and cannot be collected without the necessary permits. Furthermore, as most of the Chatham Islands are in private ownership, permission from the landowner(s) must be obtained before any material is collected. We strongly advise that in situations of doubt it is better to take a clear photograph of the plant in question, or discuss the find with the Department of Conservation staff based at Te One, Chatham Islands2 or the Wellington Hawke’s Bay Conservancy3, rather than collect a specimen.
2 North Rd, Te One, Chatham Island. P.O. Box 114, Waitangi, Chathams 8942.3 181 Thorndon Quay, Wellington. P.O. Box 5086, Wellington 6145.
8 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Discussion
The Chathams vascular floraChatham Flora originsUntil recently it was widely believed that the Chatham Islands endemic flora had a close association with Northern and Southern New Zealand (see summary in Cameron et al. 2006), and, in one particular case, Coprosma chathamica, a close relationship with the Norfolk Island endemic C. pilosa (see Webb & Simpson 2001). This association was based solely on perceived morphological similarities between plants and had not been thoroughly tested using the range of modern tools now available to biogeographers.
Using multiple DNA sequence data and three different molecular clock models, Heenan et al. (2010) examined 19 of the then recognised 37 Chatham Island endemics, and four unnamed, potentially distinct and endemic flowering plants, looking at their phylogenetic relationships to New Zealand congeners. They also dated the divergence times of the 19 Chatham Island endemics. The authors concluded that the 19 endemics mostly diverged from their common and widespread New Zealand ancestors <2.4 million years ago. However, four species (Chatham Island sow thistle (Embergeria grandifolia), Chatham Island forget-me-not (Myosotidium hortensium), mahoe (Melicytus chathamicus) and Chatham Island bamboo rush (Sporadanthus traversii)) diverged much earlier, with molecular clock dates recovered for these species of >3.54 million years. Of all the endemics analysed, only bamboo rush had a clear relationship to northern New Zealand where its sister species S. ferrugineus is endemic (de Lange et al. 1999b); with exception of the Chatham Islands forget-me-not, the rest had origins scattered throughout New Zealand.
The origins and relationship of the Chatham Islands forget-me-not have been a matter of dispute ever since it was drawn to western scientists’ attention by its formal description 164 years ago (Heenan & Schönberger 2009). It had been suggested that Myosotidium (Boraginaceae) was most closely related to Cynoglossum (see comments in Allan 1961). Heenan et al. (2010), however, showed that the closest ancestors to Chatham Islands forget-me-not are species of Omphalodes and Lappula. Omphalodes, in particular, was recovered as a close relative. This genus has two centres of distribution, Mexico and the Mediterranean, and of the species in the genus, the closest relative was Omphalodes nitida a Mediterranean species.
Concerning the other endemic genus, Embergeria, Heenan et al. (2010) found that it was closely related to Kirkianella, but that it was part of a group of genera including Sonchus, Actites, and Dendroseris.
Heenan et al. (2010) also suggested that part of the Chatham endemic flora has persisted in the area for longer than geologists can apparently confirm that emergent land has been continuously present. While it is possible that the endemics evolved in New Zealand first, and dispersed from there to the modern Chatham Islands, Heenan et al. (2010) favour a sequence of island hopping within the general Chatham Islands region that they suggest has been going on in the area for at least the last six million years when the first clear Cenozoic contender for emergent land in the Chatham Rise appeared, the Mangere Volcano.
Nevertheless, with the exception of the endemic plants, it is still true that some of the indigenous vascular taxa on the island show a strong connection to mostly northern New Zealand, and to a lesser extent southern New Zealand. Recent discoveries of plants hitherto regarded as northern North Island endemics, e.g., Poor Knights spleenwort (Asplenium pauperequitum) and the groundsel Senecio marotiri are good examples of the northern
9de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
New Zealand – Chatham connection. Southern New Zealand examples include the sedge Carex flaviformis, strap fern (Grammitis magellanica subsp. magellanica) and Hypolepis amaurorhacis. These northern and southern New Zealand linkages to the Chatham Islands are even more evident when the lichen, liverwort, moss and seaweed flora is considered (P. J. de Lange unpubl. data, W. Nelson pers. comm.). While these smaller non-vascular “plants” are outside the scope of this checklist, it is a peculiar feature of the Chatham Islands that there one can easily see lichens, liverworts and mosses more typical of the subantarctic islands and alpine portions of southern New Zealand growing alongside species more typical of the far north of New Zealand, north-eastern Australia or the tropical islands of the South Pacific. It is thought that some of these disjunctions may reflect dispersal relating to past sea bird movements (see comments by Fife & de Lange 2009; Renner & de Lange 2009; Renner & de Lange in press). Based on an admittedly limited sampling of Asplenium hookerianum it would also seem that multiple long distance New Zealand – Chatham dispersals have occurred and, as would be expected, are ongoing (Shepherd et al. 2009).
Another biogeographic anomaly of the Chatham Islands is the presence of Leucopogon parviflorus there. This shrub is otherwise known only from eastern Australia, Tasmania and Lord Howe Island (Green 1994), where it is a very common species of coastal habitats. Outside Australia, Lord Howe and the Chatham Islands, this species had also been reported from North Cape, North Island, New Zealand (initially as L. richei, Cheeseman 1906, 1925; and then as L. parviflorus by Allan 1961). However, following critical investigation those plants are now treated as an endemic allied species L. xerampelinus (de Lange et al. 2003), leaving the Australia-Lord Howe-Chatham Islands L. parviflorus occurrence as a remarkably singular Australian – Chatham vascular plant disjunction within the New Zealand Botanical Region that warrants further study. As unusual as this disjunction is in the New Zealand indigenous vascular plant flora, one species within the Chatham Islands liverwort flora, Kurzia dendroides, also seems to share this disjunction (Glenny & de Lange 2009). Within the strand and coastal turf flora of the islands, an Australian – southern New Zealand – Chatham Island connections are also evident. Crystalwort (Atriplex billardierei), still abundant on the beaches of Chatham Island, is a species that once occurred locally on the shores of Southland and Stewart Island, as well as Tasmania and south-eastern Australia (de Lange et al. 2000). Similarly, a species of scurvy grass Lepidium flexicaule, found in northern Chatham Island coastal turfs is known also from this habitat in mostly New Zealand proper and western Tasmania. The Australian orache (Atriplex australasica), known from the main islands of New Zealand only from one indisputable South Island 1770 gathering made by Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander, is also abundant on the Chatham islands (de Lange 2007c). To see it otherwise one must now to go to south-eastern Australia.
Indigenous floraThis listing recognises 902 vascular plant taxa and informally recognised entities as present on the Chatham Islands (see Appendix 1). Of these, 465 are indigenous to the islands and 437 are regarded as naturalised. This naturalised figure includes 21 plants that are indigenous to the main islands of New Zealand and that have naturalised on the Chatham Islands either by accident, e.g., Poa cita (probably as a grass seed impurity), or through deliberate plantings that have subsequently escaped, e.g., Clematis paniculata. There are two novel hybrids involving Chatham endemic Coprosma and the naturalised C. robusta, and a further two hybrids of horticultural origin, Brachyglottis compacta × B. greyi and Hebe ×francisiana ‘Lobelioides’ are now locally established on the islands.
In addition to the two well known endemic monotypic genera (Embergeria and Myosotidium), a further 38 plants are endemic at the species and subspecies level, as are three hybrid combinations (see Table 1.). A further 13 entities of unassigned rank (see
10 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Table 1) may also be endemic. However, these require further research to determine if they merit formal taxonomic description. With the provisional acceptance that these entities are taxonomically distinct, the Chatham Islands archipelago (999 km2) may have as many as 54 endemic taxa. This is a remarkable figure when one considers that Stewart Island at 1735 km2 has 28 endemic vascular plants (Wilson 1987) and the next largest New Zealand Island, Great Barrier Island (285 km2) has only three (de Lange & Norton 2004).
Table 1. Plant taxa endemic to the Chatham Is lands
ENDEMIC TAXA
Asplenium chathamense Brownsey Hebe chathamica (Buchanan) Cockayne et Allan
Aciphylla dieffenbachii (F.Muell.) Kirk Hebe dieffenbachii (Benth.) Cockayne et Allan
Aciphylla traversii (F.Muell.) Hook.f. Leptecophylla robusta (Hook.f.) C.M.Weiller
Astelia chathamica (Skottsb.) L.B.Moore Leptinella featherstonii F.Muell.
Brachyglottis huntii (F.Muell.) B.Nord. Linum monogynum var. chathamicum Cockayne
Callitriche petriei subsp. chathamensis R.Mason Melicytus chathamicus (F.Muell.) Garn.-Jones
Carex chathamica Petrie Myosotidium hortensium (Decne.) Baill.
Carex ventosa C.B.Clarke Myoporum semotum Heenan et de Lange
Coprosma chathamica Cockayne Myrsine coxii Cockayne
Coprosma propinqua var. martini W.R.B.Oliv. Olearia chathamica Kirk
Corokia macrocarpa Kirk Olearia semidentata Decne.
Austroderia turbaria (Connor) N.P. Barker et H.P. Linder
Olearia telmatica Heenan et de Lange
Disphyma papillatum Chinnock Olearia traversiorum (F.Muell.) Hook.f.
Dracophyllum arboreum Cockayne Poa chathamica Petrie
Embergeria grandifolia (Kirk) Boulos Plagianthus regius subsp. chathamicus (Cockayne) de Lange
Festuca coxii (Petrie) Hack. Pseudopanax chathamicus Kirk
Geranium traversii Hook.f. Pterostylis silvicultrix (F.Muell.) Molloy, D.L.Jones et M.A.Clem.
Gentianella chathamica (Cheeseman) T.N.Ho et S.W.Liu Senecio radiolatus F.Muell. subsp. radiolatus
Hebe barkeri (Cockayne) Cockayne Sporadanthus traversii (F.Muell.) F.Muell.
HYBRID COMBINATIONS OF ENDEMIC TAXA
Olearia chathamica Kirk × O. semidentata Decne.
Hebe barkeri (Cockayne) Cockayne × H. dieffenbachii (Benth.) Cockayne et Allan
Hebe chathamica (Buchanan) Cockayne et Allan × H. dieffenbachii (Benth.) Cockayne et Allan
POTENTIALLY ENDEMIC AWAITING FORMAL TAXONOMIC RECOGNITION
Apodasmia aff. similis Polystichum aff. vestitum
Coprosma aff. propinqua var. martini Pterostylis aff. montana
Craspedia aff. minor Ranunculus aff. foliosus
Hydrocotyle aff. robusta Ranunculus aff. royi
Lepidium aff. oleraceum (a) Senecio aff. glomeratus
Lepidium aff. oleraceum (d) Uncinia aff. uncinata
Nematoceras aff. sulcatum
11de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Features of the indigenous floraThe vascular flora of the Chatham Islands has a number of features common to many island floras. Notably the flora has a large number of plants (220, 57%) whose propagules are suited to long distance dispersal. For example, ferns and lycophytes make up 25% of the indigenous vascular flora. Trees and shrubs which make up 24% of the total New Zealand flora (de Lange & Rolfe 2010) contribute just 8% to the Chatham Islands flora. While the overall contribution of the fern families and genera to the Chathams closely mirrors that of the adjacent fern flora of the main islands of New Zealand, the main Angiosperm indigenous contributors to the flora of New Zealand proper (see de Lange & Rolfe 2010) are under-represented in the Chatham archipelago. Of the potential contributing 141 plant families present in the indigenous vascular flora of the New Zealand Botanical Region (de Lange & Rolfe 2010), the Chatham Islands indigenous vascular flora has just over half (75 families or 52% of the total New Zealand indigenous vascular flora). Furthermore, of those plant families present on the Chatham Islands, only 10 contribute 10 or more species to the overall indigenous flora (Table 2), and these are all species that have small seeds or spores suited for long distance dispersal, i.e. they are mostly wind dispersed. The most important contributing indigenous plant genera (≥ 10 species) are, for the ferns, Blechnum (14 species), Hymenophyllum (11 species), and Asplenium (10 species), while of those Angiosperm plants present on the islands, only Epilobium with 15 and Carex with 12 indigenous species respectively makes any sizeable contribution to the Chatham Islands indigenous flora. While the propagules of Epilobium are well suited to wind dispersal, those of Carex are spread mostly from seed ingested by waterfowl (see comments by Thorsen et al. 2009). Their abundance, therefore, on the wetland-dominated landscape of the Chathams is hardly surprising, especially when one considers the past diversity of waterfowl that once inhabited the islands (Miskelly 2008b). Of the 67 indigenous plant families absent from the Chatham Islands (Table 3), those containing five or more taxa, and which are widespread throughout much of New Zealand, e.g., Alseuosmiaceae, Centrolepidaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Fabaceae, Lauraceae, Loranthaceae, Nothofagaceae, Orobanchaceae, Podocarpaceae, and Stylidaceae are striking gaps in the Chathams flora. The absence of indigenous conifers and Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) is of course, a well known feature of the Chathams (see comments by Cockayne 1902; de Lange et al. 2008), made all the more interesting because of the occurrence on the islands of some lichens that almost exclusively associate with Nothofagus in New Zealand proper (see de Lange et al. 2010). While these lichens have propagules well suited to long distance dispersal, Nothofagus does not, and so one assumes that the distance between the Chathams and those islands of New Zealand supporting Nothofagus was simply too great for them to reach there.
Table 2. Main contr ibut ing (≥ 10 species) indigenous plant fami l ies on the Chatham Is lands
FAMILY NUMBER OF TAXA
Cyperaceae 42
Orchidaceae 36
Asteraceae 27
Poaceae 26
Hymenophyllaceae 16
Onagraceae 15
Blechnaceae 14
Dennstaedtiaceae 11
Aspleniaceae 10
Juncaceae 10
12 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Table 3. Indigenous New Zealand vascular plant families and genera absent from the Chatham Islands
FAMILY INDIGENOUS GENERA IN NEW ZEALAND
Lycophytes
Isoetaceae Isoetes
Ferns
Davalliaceae Davallia
Loxsomataceae Loxsoma
Marattiaceae Ptisana
Nephrolepidaceae Nephrolepis
Salvinaceae Pilularia
Gymnosperms
Araucariaceae Agathis
Cupressaceae Libocedrus
Phyllocladaceae Phyllocladus
Podocarpaceae Dacrycarpus, Dacrydium, Halocarpus, Lepidothamnus, Manoao, Podocarpous
Prumnopityaceae Prumnopitys
Angiosperms—Nymphaeales
Hydatellaceae Trithuria
Angiosperms—Chloranthales
Chloranthaceae Ascarina
Angiosperms—Magnoliids
Atherospermataceae Laurelia
Lauraceae Beilschmiedia, Cassytha, Litsea
Monimiaceae Hedycarya
Winteraceae Pseudowintera
Angiosperms—Monocots I
Alstroemeriaceae Luzuriaga
Asparagaceae Arthropodium, Cordyline
Burmanniaceae Thismia
Colchiaceae Iphigenia
Pandanaceae Freycinetia
Xeronemataceae Xeronema
Zosteraceae Zostera
Angiosperms—Monocots II (Commelinids)
Centrolepidaceae Centrolepis, Gaimardia
Typhaceae Sparganium, Typha
Angiosperms—Eudicots
Proteaceae Knightia, Toronia
Angiosperms—Core Eudicots
Acanthaceae Avicennia
Alseuosmiaceae Alseuosmia
Apocynaceae Parsonsia
Balanophoraceae Dactylanthus
13de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAMILY INDIGENOUS GENERA IN NEW ZEALAND
Bignoniaceae Tecomanthe
Calceolariaceae Jovellana
Celastraceae Stackhousia
Corynocarpaceae Corynocarpus1
Cucurbitaceae Sicyos
Cunoniaceae Ackama, Weinmannia
Elaeocarpaceae Aristotelia, Elaeocarpus
Elatinaceae Elatina
Fabaceae Canavalia, Carmichaelia, Clianthus, Montigena, Sophora
Gesneriaceae Rhabdothamnus
Griseliniaceae Griselina
Hyperiaceae Hypericum
Loganiaceae Geniostoma, Mitrasacme
Loranthaceae Alepis, Ileostylus, Peraxilla, Muellerina, Trilepidea, Tupeia
Meliaceae Dysoxylum
Menyanthaceae Liparophyllum
Moraceae Streblus
Nanodeaceae Mida
Nothofagaceae Nothofagus
Nyctaginaceae Pisonia
Oleaceae Nestegis
Orobanchaceae Euphrasia
Paracryphiaceae Quintinia
Passifloraceae Passiflora
Pennantiaceae Pennantia
Phyllanthaceae Poranthera
Pittosporaceae Pittosporum
Rousseaceae Carpodetus
Rutaceae Leionema, Melicope
Santalaceae Exocarpos
Sapindaceae Alectryon, Dodonaea
Sapotaceae Planchonella
Strasburgiaceae Ixerba
Stylidaceae Donatia, Forstera, Oreostylidium, Phyllachne
Tetrachondraceae Tetrachonda
Verbenaceae Teucridium, Vitex
Viscaceae Korthalsella
1. The sole New Zealand Corynocarpus, C. laevigatus, is represented on the Chathams as a naturalised species.
The remarkable absence of indigenous conifers from the islands is all the more peculiar because many of the New Zealand species have fruits well suited to bird dispersal, and the terrestrial Chatham avifauna is one derived from and still being augmented by New Zealand birds (Aikman & Miskelly 2004; Miskelly et al. 2006; de Lange 2007b; Miskelly 2008b). The late Ross Beever (in litt.) thought that the reason for the absence may relate
14 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
more to the lack of suitable mycorrhiza on the Chathams rather than conifer dispersal ability, offering the same explanation for the general ill thrift exhibited by exotic conifers (e.g., Abies, Araucauria, Cupressus, Pinus, Pseudotsuga) growing on the islands, few of which have begun to naturalise, and of those which have, naturalisation has happened only to a very minor extent.
The absence of Nothofagus may also explain the absence of those New Zealand Loranthaceae that are almost exclusively tied to Nothofagus (Norton & de Lange 1999). However, the absence of the two loranthaceous genera Ileostylus and Tupeia from the islands is harder to understand, particularly as these mistletoes have generalist host tendencies (Norton & de Lange 1999) that includes a spectrum of host genera common on the Chatham Islands (e.g., Coprosma, Melicytus, Pseudopanax), and are readily bird dispersed. Indeed, Ileostylus is also known from Norfolk Island (Green 1994) where it mostly parasitises Coprosma pilosa and Pittosporum bracteolatum (de Lange & Crowcroft 1999) proving that it is well suited to long distance dispersal. Considering mistletoes further, another remarkable anomaly in the Chatham Islands indigenous vascular flora is the absence of Korthalsella (Viscaceae), a genus that is characteristic of isolated Pacific island floras (see comments by Barlow 1996; Molvray 1997; Wagner et al. 1999, Nickrent et al. 2010), bird dispersed (Thorsen et al. 2009) and widely distributed through all the main islands of New Zealand.
The absence of indigenous representatives of the Fabaceae is unexplained, unless of course the Chatham Islands occurrences of kōwhai (Sophora chathamica), currently believed to stem from deliberate naturalisation by Māori, prove to be wholly indigenous (Heenan et al. 2001; cf. Shepherd et al. 2010). Fabaceae seed is long lived and well suited to long distance dispersal by water (see Guppy 1906). On the Chatham Islands, Sophora seed is a common component of the drift washed up along the beaches, and this seed is usually viable (Sykes & Godley 1968; Norton et al. 2002). So the apparent absence of at least that genus from the indigenous flora is unusual. While the current distribution of S. chathamica and S. microphylla favours the suggestion that Sophora was initially planted by Māori (see Heenan et al. 2001), the failure of DNA analysis to so far confirm that idea (Shepherd et al. 2010; L. Shepherd pers. comm.) may yet mean that the family is represented in the islands’ indigenous vascular flora after all.
The other notable family absences (see Table 3) probably reflect chance rather than lack of dispersal opportunity, as the families are also characterised by genera that are commonly associated in New Zealand proper with a range of other taxa whose families are present on the Chathams. Further, as Heenan et al. (2010) demonstrated, the endemic flora of the islands has not been derived from particular parts of New Zealand, meaning that, potentially, any propagule suited to long distance dispersal by wind, water or animal has the same opportunity to successfully colonise the islands. During our survey, the discovery of such a weedy, readily dispersed and conspicuous species as Alternanthera denticulata in a site (Blind Jim’s) thoroughly botanised by studious observers over the last two decades, does suggest that long-distance dispersal is indeed ongoing and that, with time, the Chatham Islands indigenous vascular flora can be expected to grow.
Naturalised plantsThe naturalised vascular flora of the Chatham Islands was last assessed in detail by Madden & Healy (1959) and Northcroft (1975) who collectively recorded 211 taxa, 16 of which we have excluded on the basis that there we have seen no supporting specimens lodged in herbaria. This leaves a verified naturalised vascular flora of 195 taxa prior to our survey. Since then the naturalised flora of the Chatham Islands has increased by a further 242 (124%) taxa and informally recognised entities. Some of this gain has come about because, aside from Northcroft’s and Madden’s pioneering collecting efforts in the mid
15de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
1920s and early 1950s, little attention (with the notable exception of visits to the islands by W.R. Sykes) has been paid to naturalised plants by subsequent botanical visitors on the Chathams until the last decade. Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that, as with the main islands of New Zealand (Howell & Sawyer 2006), the naturalised flora of the Chatham Islands is rapidly increasing.
Currently, exact data about the naturalised vascular flora of New Zealand is incomplete due to the lack of an update of those non-graminaceous “monocotyledonous” plants which were last treated in 1980 (Healy & Edgar 1980). While Howell & Sawyer (2006) attempts to bridge this gap by incorporating records based on data they gathered from New Zealand’s main herbaria, the classification scheme they used makes direct comparison with the Chathams Flora difficult. Also, there are now many additional records of naturalised plants that they either missed or which have been collected wild since their publication. Therefore, we have not attempted a thorough biogeographic analysis of the Chatham naturalised vascular flora in relation to the entire New Zealand flora, offering instead some observations on the general patterns we have observed. It is to be hoped that, once an update to Healy & Edgar (1980) is published, a more thorough biogeographic analysis of the Chatham naturalised vascular flora can be made.
At present there are 76 vascular plant families on the Chathams that have a naturalised component. Of these, 36 are families that are also considered wholly naturalised to New Zealand proper, e.g., Pinaceae, Selaginellaceae, while 40 represent families with both indigenous and naturalised members, e.g., Asteraceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae. The dominant families with a mostly or completely naturalised component are given in Table 4. Of these the key contributing families are still, as noted previously by Madden & Healy (1959), those with an agriculture origin, e.g., Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae. Such key naturalised genera as Trifolium (Clover—12 species on the islands) and many of the exotic grasses stem either from deliberate agricultural naturalisations, e.g., cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) rye grass (Lolium perenne), or have spread as agricultural seed contaminants, e.g., Juncus pallidus, silver tussock (Poa cita) (Madden & Healy 1959).
However, since the work on the Chathams naturalised flora by Madden & Healy (1959) and Northcroft (1975) there has been an increasing trend of new naturalisations sourcing from gardens (Given 1996; de Lange et al. 2008). In particular, the prominence of the Amaryllidaceae which has a completely naturalised assemblage in the Chathams Flora is noteworthy—all of its members can be sourced back to garden escapes and, in some cases (V. Croon jr. pers. comm.), deliberate attempts to naturalise species for beautification purposes, e.g., daffodils (Narcissus spp.). While in most cases such weeds have arisen in the vicinity of garden plantings of the same species, some garden escapes, especially those that are bird dispersed, are now establishing well outside Chatham Island settlements, and some of these weeds pose serious environmental threats unless eradicated, e.g., Chilean rhubarb (Gunnera tinctoria), Chilean flame creeper (Tropaeolum speciosum) and arum lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica). The recent establishment of veldt grass (Ehrharta erecta) within a Chatham Island garden also demonstrates another medium whereby undesired weeds are entering the Chatham Island environment. In this case it seems likely that veldt grass came as a pot plant contaminant from a New Zealand source. Gardens may also have been the source of current spike moss (Selaginella kraussiana) infestations on Chatham Island. Spike moss is a common pot plant contaminant in New Zealand nurseries, and, although it has appeared in several Chatham Island sites well outside gardens, the infestations are in places where plantings using New Zealand sourced nursery stock had previously been made.
16 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Table 4. Main contr ibut ing (≥ 10 species) “weedy” fami l ies on the Chatham Is lands
FAMILY NUMBER OF NATURALISED TAXA ON
CHATHAM ISLANDS
TOTAL TAXA PRESENT ON CHATHAM ISLANDS
Amaryllidaceae 16 16
Apiaceae 10 17
Asteraceae 49 91
Brassicaceae 31 43
Caryophyllaceae 11 17
Fabaceae 28 28
Geraniaceae 11 14
Lamiaceae 11 12
Poaceae 55 83
Plantaginaceae 12 24
Ranunculaceae 10 16
Rosaceae 12 17
This pattern is alarming, and it is equally disturbing to see that a range of well-documented environmentally damaging weed species in New Zealand proper are now being cultivated in island gardens. For example, although there as yet no wild occurrences of oxygen weeds (Hydrochartiaceae) on the islands, at least two species (Egeria densa and Elodea canadensis) are grown in Chatham Island gardens. Based on the New Zealand experience (Towns et al. 2010), it is only a matter of time before these aggressive weeds establish in the waterways and wetlands of the Chatham Islands. Should that happen, the impact on the Chatham Islands’ wetlands, eel-fisheries and navigable waterways would be catastrophic. Significantly, our field work has shown an apparent absence of several key weedy plant families (Table 5) which, should they become established on the Chatham Islands, would have a severe impact on its environment, natural resources and economy. In most cases, chance has been a factor. For example, pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana), a well known aggressive weed of mainland New Zealand, is as yet, only known from the islands as sporadic cultivation relicts and as shelter belts. It seems that only male plants are grown on the islands, though whether this was a deliberate past measure to prevent this species spread or an accident is unclear. In any case, it would be much better if these plantings were eliminated now and other indigenous or non-invasive plants utilised as shelter belts instead, e.g., akeake (Olearia traversiorum), harakeke (Phormium tenax), Chatham Island ngaio (Myoporum semotum). We feel that to leave these pampas plants as they are, simply increases the inevitable likelihood that at some stage someone will introduce female plants, after which pampas grass will undoubtedly naturalise.
This highlights our observation that biosecurity measures, at least those regulating the movement of plant stock between New Zealand and the Chathams Islands, were virtually non-existent during the period we undertook out field work (2002–2008). We would stress that it is essential that more stringent controls are put in place, and that islanders embrace these positively: to fail to do so will only serve to create major problems for the island community in the future.
While we don’t know what plants are held in private gardens, an approved survey of most of the landowners’ gardens on Pitt Island in 2008 picked up some interesting patterns. We were able to trace the trade in favoured plants between gardens on Pitt Island and, in most cases, could link these to trade between Pitt Island gardens and those older and larger Chatham Island gardens that we were able to visit. While the survey disclosed only
17de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
a few potential serious weed species, several of these were thoroughly established within gardens, and some, such as mother of thousands (Saxifraga stolonifera) and liquorice plant (Helichrysum petiolare), had expanded into nearby indigenous habitats.
A final problem surrounds those indigenous New Zealand plants that have become established on the Chatham Islands. This listing recognises 21 of these. For some, e.g., pohutukawa (Metrosideros excelsa), houhere (Hoheria populnea), karo (Pittosporum crassifolium) and rangiora (Brachyglottis repanda), the evidence of naturalisation from a New Zealand source is unequivocal. However, for others, such as Coprosma robusta, Dodonaea viscosa, and ngaio (Myoporum laetum), the evidence is less clear, often falling down to a matter of opinion (Heenan & de Lange 2011; B.P.J. Molloy pers. comm.). For some species, such as kopi (Corynocarpus laevigatus), which has clearly been on the islands for a long time, and for raupo (Typha orientalis), which is scarcely established on Chatham Island, there is an oral tradition on the islands of deliberate naturalisation from a New Zealand source (Madden & Healy 1959; de Lange et al. 2008). In the case of kopi, this claim is at the time of writing being thoroughly investigated by the Allan Wilson Centre, Massey University using DNA sequence data. Similarly, Heenan et al. (2001) advanced the hypothesis that “wild” kōwhai (Sophora chathamica, and now possibly S. microphylla) occurrences on Chatham Island stemmed from the Ngāti Tama and Ngāti Mutuuanga invasion of the islands in the late 1830s. Their evidence is based largely on disjunctions of Sophora chathamica in New Zealand proper, the close association of trees in the southern part of its North Island range and on Chatham Island with former Māori pa and kainga, and an oral tradition from Ngāti Raukawa of taking their kōwhai from the Waikato with them as rongoa on the combined Ngāti Toa – Ngati Rāukawa – Ati Awa hikoi to the Wellington area (Heenan et al. 2001). When Ngāti Tama and Ngāti Mutuuanga invaded the Chatham Islands, they came from the shores of the Wellington Harbour and Matiu/Somes Island where Sophora chathamica is also present. So it has been postulated that they took seed of these trees with them to the Chathams. This hypothesis is also being tested by the Allan Wilson Centre, Massey University using DNA sequence data.
For those indigenous New Zealand plants that are clearly naturalised on the Chathams, control, whilst desired, may not always be possible. Some species, such as taupata (Coprosma repens), pose not only a significant risk to the coastal vegetation of the islands but also threatened endemic Coprosma through the propensity of this taupata to hybridise with other Coprosma species. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that taupata is most closely related to the endemic karamū (C. chathamica) (Heenan et al. 2010). Already karamū is known to hybridise with the more distantly related C. robusta, itself a species which, although collected by Travers on one of his visits (most probably the second, 1871 visit), is so localised on the island that many feel it is naturalised (see de Lange et al. 1999a). We suspect it is only a matter of time before karamū hybridises with taupata. Rangiora (Brachyglottis repanda) also poses a threat to rautini (B. huntii). Although neither species is closely related (Heenan et al. 2010), hybrids between them are known from cultivation in New Zealand (Drury 1973), and rangiora is now naturalising from nearby gardens into parts of the southern tablelands where rautini grows. Although pohutukawa poses no risk to the flora through hybridisation, as a large, fast growing, and aggressive coloniser of coastal habitats it poses a future risk to the overall character of the Chatham Islands vegetation. In particular, it occupies much the same range of habitats as akeake (Olearia traversiorum) a culturally significant tree to Chatham Islanders who plant it widely for shelter and use its wood for fencing, buildings and as a highly prized firewood.
18 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Table 5. Vascular plant fami l ies with natural ised exot ic taxa in New Zealand but absent f rom the wild on the Chatham Is lands. † Denotes fami l ies with indigenous representat ives present on the Chatham Is lands. Fami l ies in bold type are those with representat ives considered to have a potent ia l ly damaging impact on the Chatham Is lands should they become establ ished
FAMILY FAMILY FAMILY
Alismataceae Elaeagnaceae Orchidaceae
Alstroemeriaceae Ephedraceae †Osmundaceae
Anacardiaceae Equisetaceae Paulowniaceae
Annonaceae †Ericaceae †Phrymaceae
Aponogetonaceae Escalloniaceae Phyllanthaceae
Arecaceae† Fagaceae Phytolaccaceae
Aristolochiaceae Garryaceae Platanaceae
Balsaminaceae Ginkgoaceaea Plumbaginaceae
Begoniaceae †Haloragaceae Podocarpaceae
Berberidaceae Haemodoraceae Polemoniaceae
Betulaceae Hamamelidaceae Polygalaceae
Bignoniaceae Hydrocharitaceae †Polypodiaceae
Buxaceae Hypoxidaceae Pontederiaceae
Cabombaceae Juglandaceae †Potamogetonaceae
Cactaceae Lardizabalaceae †Pteridaceae
Calceolariaceae Lauraceae Resedaceae
Calycanthaceae †Lentibulariaceae †Rhamnaceae
Calyceraceae Liliaceae Rutaceae
Cannaceae Limnocharitaceae Sarraceniaceae
Casuarinaceae Linderniaceae Saururaceae
Ceratophyllaceae Marsileaceae Schisandraceae
Cistaceae Meliaceae Simaroubaceae
Cleomaceae Melianthaceae Smilaceae
Cornaceae Magnoliaceae Staphyleaceae
Cucurbitaceae Menyanthaceaea Tamaricaceae
Cunoniaceae Melastomataceae Taxaceae
†Cyatheaceae Molluginaceae Taxodiaceae
Davalliaceae Moraceae Theaceae
†Dennstaedtiaceae Muntingiaceae †Thymelaeaceae
Dioscoreaceae Musaceae Ulmaceae
Dilleniaceae Nymphaeaceae Verbenaceae
Droseraceae Nyctaginaceae Zygophyllaceae
Ebenaceae Ochnaceae
19de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Acknowledgements
Many people have helped in the preparation of this document. We thank all visitors and residents of the Chatham Islands who, over the past 170 years, have collected information about the plants that occur there. In particular we acknowledge the contribution of the late David Given (1943–2005), whose original interest in the endemic plants, threatened species and flora of the Chatham archipelago provided the necessary stimulus for the preparation of a checklist of the vascular plants of the islands.
This checklist is firmly based on herbarium specimens. We thank the following people for access to and the use of plant specimens collected from the Chatham Islands and under their curatorial care: Ewen Cameron, Mei Nee Lee, Rhys Gardner and John Braggins (AK), Roy Vickery (BM), David Norton, Manfred Ingerfeld (CANU), Aaron Wilton, Ines Schönberger (CHR), Jim Ross, Neville Walsh and Cathryn Coles from the Melbourne Herbarium (MEL), the former curators of NZFRI (Chris Ecroyd) and WAIK (Catherine Beard), Patrick Brownsey, Leon Perrie and Barry Sneddon (WELT, WELTU), and various ABLO liaison officers at Kew but especially Rod Seppelt and Tony Orchard.
Amanda Baird, Jim Clarkson, Bridget Gibb, Naomi Goomes, Ken Hunt, Denny Prendeville, and Dale Williams, (Current or former staff of the Department of Conservation, Chatham Islands Area), Val Croon junior, Suzan Dopson, Mark Hansen, Jocelelon Janon, Ian McFadden, Wendy Nelson, Colin Ogle, Lara Shepherd, Steve Thompson, Alison Turner and the members of the Chatham Island Threatened Plant Advisory Panel are thanked for providing specimens, advice and information about the plants of Chatham Islands, as well as their infectious and ongoing enthusiasm for plant conservation, and their comments on an earlier draft of this document. Brian Molloy and Bill Sykes assisted us with comments on their specialist groups, and, of course access to their field notebooks and specimens. We thank the late Ross Beever for comments on conifer fungal associations and mycorrhiza, and Carlos Lehnebach for advice concerning Uncinia rupestris and its close allies. John Sawyer, formerly working for Wellington Hawke’s Bay Conservancy, Department of Conservation is acknowledged for providing the initial impetus for compiling an updated checklist of the Chatham Islands flora (de Lange et al. 2009). John foresaw a need to take that checklist further by incorporating both indigenous and naturalised plants into a single listing, and he found the funds to see the publication of the checklist.
20 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
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23de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
App
endi
x 1
Che
cklis
t of t
he v
ascu
lar
flora
of t
he C
hath
am Is
land
s
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Lyco
phyt
es (
7)
Lyco
podi
acea
eH
uper
zia
aust
rali
ana
(Her
ter)
Hol
ubfi
r cl
ubm
oss
AK
259
132
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Lyco
podi
acea
eH
uper
zia
vari
a (R
.Br.
) T
revi
s.ha
ngin
g cl
ubm
oss
īwit
una
AK
972
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Lyco
podi
acea
eLy
copo
diel
la la
tera
lis
(R.B
r.)
B.Ø
llg.
club
mos
sA
K 2
2718
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Lyco
podi
acea
eLy
copo
dium
fast
igia
tum
R.B
r.m
ount
ain
club
mos
sW
ELT
P36
89 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Lyco
podi
acea
eLy
copo
dium
sca
rios
um G
.For
st.
cree
ping
clu
bmos
sW
ELT
P34
33 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Lyco
podi
acea
eLy
copo
dium
vol
ubil
e G
.For
st.
clim
bing
clu
bmos
sw
aew
aeko
uko
AK
150
377
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Sela
gine
llac
eae
*Se
lagi
nell
a kr
auss
iana
(K
unze
) A
.Bra
un
Afr
ican
clu
bmos
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K 2
9516
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Fern
s (1
12)
Asp
leni
acea
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sple
nium
bul
bife
rum
G.F
orst
hen
& c
hick
en f
ern
piko
piko
AK
170
716
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
cha
tham
ense
Bro
wns
ey
Cha
tham
Isl
ands
sp
leen
wor
tA
K 1
7433
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hath
ams
ende
mic
Asp
leni
acea
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sple
nium
flac
cidu
m G
.For
st.
Han
ging
spl
eenw
ort
rauk
atau
riA
K 2
2770
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
gra
cill
imum
Col
enso
hen
& c
hick
en f
ern
piko
piko
AK
296
141
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
gra
cill
imum
Col
enso
× A
. lya
llii
(H
ook.
f.) T
.Moo
reA
K 2
9613
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
hoo
keri
anum
Col
enso
var
. hoo
keri
anum
Hoo
ker’
s sp
leen
wor
tA
K 2
9614
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
hoo
keri
anum
var
. col
enso
i (C
olen
so)
T.M
oore
Col
enso
’s s
plee
nwor
tA
K 2
3046
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
lyal
lii (
Hoo
k.f.)
T.M
oore
Lyal
l’s s
plee
nwor
tA
K 2
2719
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
obl
ongi
foli
um C
olen
sosh
inin
g sp
leen
wor
thu
ruhu
ruw
henu
aA
K 1
5011
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
obt
usat
um G
.For
st.
shor
e sp
leen
wor
tpa
rana
koA
K 1
1491
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
pau
pere
quit
um B
row
nsey
et
P.J.
Jack
s.Po
or K
nigh
ts s
plee
nwor
tA
K 2
9493
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
pol
yodo
n G
.For
st.
sick
le s
plee
nwor
tpe
reta
oA
K 1
3578
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
cha
tham
ense
Bro
wns
ey ×
A. l
yall
ii (
Hoo
k.f.)
T
.Moo
reC
HR
187
401-
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
cha
tham
ense
Bro
wns
ey ×
A. o
blon
gifo
lium
Col
enso
AK
172
941
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
flac
cidi
um G
.For
st. ×
A. g
raci
llim
um C
olen
soA
K 3
0099
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
24 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Asp
leni
acea
eA
sple
nium
flac
cidi
um G
.For
st. ×
A. l
yall
ii (
Hoo
k.f.)
T.M
oore
AK
300
982
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m c
ham
bers
ii T
inda
lela
nce
fern
rere
tiA
K 1
5008
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m c
olen
soi (
Hoo
k.f.
in H
ook.
) N
.A.W
akef
.C
olen
so’s
har
d fe
rnpe
tako
CH
R 4
0333
6A-B
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m d
isco
lor
(G.F
orst
.) K
eys
crow
n fe
rnpi
upiu
AK
136
082
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m d
urum
(T
.Moo
re)
C.C
hr.
shor
e ha
rd f
ern
AK
136
086
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m fi
lifo
rme
(A.C
unn.
) E
ttin
gsh.
clim
bing
har
d fe
rnA
K 2
9510
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m fl
uvia
tile
(R
.Br.
) Lo
we
ex S
alom
oncr
eek
fern
kiw
akiw
aA
K 1
5010
5 C
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ams
indi
geno
us
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m m
inus
(R
.Br.
) E
ttin
gsh.
swam
p ki
okio
kiok
ioC
HR
464
782
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m m
onta
num
T.C
.Cha
mbe
rs e
t P.
A.F
arra
ntm
ount
ain
kiok
ioki
okio
CH
R 4
1766
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m m
onta
num
T.C
.Cha
mbe
rs e
t P.
A.F
arra
nt ×
B. n
ovae
-ze
land
iae
T.C
.Cha
mbe
rs e
t P.
A.F
arra
ntC
HR
417
654A
-B C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m n
orfo
lkia
num
(H
ewar
d) C
.Chr
.N
orfo
lk I
slan
d ha
rd f
ern
AK
136
122
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m n
ovae
-zel
andi
ae T
.C.C
ham
bers
et
P.A
.Far
rant
kiok
ioki
okio
AK
136
122
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m p
enna
-mar
ina
subs
p. a
lpin
a T
.C.C
ham
bers
et
P.A
.Far
rant
alpi
ne h
ard
fern
AK
136
159
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m p
roce
rum
(G
.For
st.)
Sw
.ki
okio
kiok
ioC
HR
403
358
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m t
rian
gula
rifo
lium
T.C
.Cha
mbe
rs e
t P.
A.F
arra
ntG
reen
Bay
kio
kio
kiok
ioA
K 2
9618
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ble
chna
ceae
Ble
chnu
m v
ulca
nicu
m (
Blu
me)
Kuh
nm
ount
ain
hard
fer
nko
roki
oC
HR
420
359
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cya
thea
ceae
Cya
thea
cun
ning
ham
ii H
ook.
f.gu
lly
tree
fer
nA
K 1
3625
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cya
thea
ceae
Cya
thea
dea
lbat
a (G
.For
st.)
Sw
.si
lver
fer
npo
nga
AK
136
263
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cya
thea
ceae
Cya
thea
med
ulla
ris
(G.F
orst
.) S
w.
blac
k tr
ee f
ern
mam
aku
CH
R 4
9674
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cya
thea
ceae
Cya
thea
sm
ithi
i Hoo
k.f.
AK
496
757
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Den
nsta
edti
acea
eH
isti
opte
ris
inci
sa (
Thu
nb.)
J.S
m.
wat
er f
ern
māt
āA
K 2
1108
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Den
nsta
edti
acea
eH
ypol
epis
am
auro
rach
is (
Kun
ze)
Hoo
k.A
K 2
9581
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Den
nsta
edti
acea
eH
ypol
epis
am
bigu
a (A
.Ric
h.)
Bro
wns
ey e
t C
hinn
ock
AK
150
116
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Den
nsta
edti
acea
eH
ypol
epis
am
bigu
a (A
.Ric
h.)
Bro
wns
ey e
t C
hinn
ock
× H
. ru
foba
rbat
a (C
olen
so)
N.A
.Wak
efA
K 2
8137
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Den
nsta
edti
acea
eH
ypol
epis
dic
kson
ioid
es (
End
l.) H
ook.
grou
nd f
ern
AK
295
817
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Den
nsta
edti
acea
eH
ypol
epis
dis
tans
Hoo
k.A
K 1
3650
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Den
nsta
edti
acea
eH
ypol
epis
lact
ea B
row
nsey
et
Chi
nnoc
km
ilk
fern
AK
172
005
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Den
nsta
edti
acea
eH
ypol
epis
mil
lefo
lium
Hoo
k.th
ousa
nd-l
eave
d fe
rnW
ELT
P12
516
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Den
nsta
edti
acea
eH
ypol
epis
ruf
obar
bata
(C
olen
so)
N.A
.Wak
ef.
stic
ky p
ig f
ern
CH
R 2
8835
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
25de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Den
nsta
edti
acea
eLi
ndsa
ea li
near
is S
w.
AK
142
495
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Den
nsta
edti
acea
ePa
esia
sca
beru
la (
A.R
ich.
) K
uhn
Pig
fer
nm
ātāt
āA
K 2
1114
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Dic
kson
iace
aeD
icks
onia
fib
rosa
Col
enso
whe
kī-p
onga
AK
227
199
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Dic
kson
iace
aeD
icks
onia
squ
arro
sa (
G.F
orst
.) S
w.
hars
h tr
ee f
ern
whe
kīA
K 1
3795
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
*C
ysto
pter
is fr
agil
is (
L.)
Ber
nh.
brit
tle
blad
der
fern
AK
281
404
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
*D
ryop
teri
s fi
lix-
mas
(L.
) Sc
hott
mal
e fe
rnA
K 2
8589
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
Last
reop
sis
glab
ella
(A
.Cun
n.)
Tin
dale
smoo
th s
hiel
d fe
rnA
K 1
5009
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
Last
reop
sis
hisp
ida
(Sw
.) T
inda
leha
iry
fern
AK
150
103
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
Last
reop
sis
mic
roso
ra s
ubsp
. pen
tang
ular
is (
Col
enso
) T
inda
leA
K 1
3795
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
Lept
olep
ia n
ovae
-zel
andi
ae (
Col
enso
) M
ett.
ex
Die
lsla
ce f
ern
CH
R 1
8723
4A/B
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
Poly
stic
hum
neo
zela
ndic
um F
ée s
ubsp
. neo
zela
ndic
umsh
ield
fer
npū
niu
AK
296
749
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
Poly
stic
hum
neo
zela
ndic
um F
ée s
ubsp
. neo
zela
ndic
um ×
P.
?ves
titu
m (
G.F
orst
.) C
.Pre
slW
ELT
P12
512
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
Poly
stic
hum
neo
zela
ndic
um s
ubsp
. zer
ophy
llum
(C
olen
so)
Perr
iesh
ield
fer
npū
niu
AK
296
525
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
Poly
stic
hum
ocu
latu
m (
Hoo
k.f.)
J.B
.Arm
str.
blac
k sh
ield
fer
npū
niu
AK
300
715
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
Poly
stic
hum
ves
titu
mpr
ickl
y sh
ield
fer
npū
niu-
o-m
anuh
iri
AK
299
664
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
Poly
stic
hum
waw
ranu
m (
Szys
zyl.
in W
awra
) Pe
rrie
shie
ld f
ern
pūni
uA
K 2
9614
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
Poly
stic
hum
aff
. ves
titu
mC
hath
am s
hiel
d fe
rnpū
niu-
o-re
kohu
CH
R 1
8702
6C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Dry
opte
rida
ceae
Rum
ohra
adi
anti
form
is (
G.F
orst
.) C
hing
clim
bing
shi
eld
fern
AK
138
065
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Gle
iche
niac
eae
Gle
iche
nia
dica
rpa
R.B
r.Sw
amp
umbr
ella
fer
nA
K 1
5009
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Gra
mm
itid
acea
eC
teno
pter
is h
eter
ophy
lla
(Lab
ill.)
Tin
dale
com
b fe
rnA
K 2
1503
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Gra
mm
itid
acea
eG
ram
mit
is b
illa
rdie
rei W
illd
.co
mm
on s
trap
fer
nC
HR
187
373
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Gra
mm
itid
acea
eG
ram
mit
is g
iven
ii P
arri
sG
iven
’s s
trap
fer
nA
K 2
9618
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Gra
mm
itid
acea
eG
ram
mit
is m
agel
lani
ca D
esv.
sub
sp. m
agel
lani
cast
rap
fern
AK
296
249
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Gra
mm
itid
acea
eG
ram
mit
is m
agel
lani
ca s
ubsp
. not
hofa
geti
Par
ris
stra
p fe
rnA
K 2
3043
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Gra
mm
itid
acea
eG
ram
mit
is p
atag
onic
a (C
.Chr
.) P
arri
sst
rap
fern
AK
295
983
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eC
ardi
oman
es r
enif
orm
e (G
.For
st.)
C.P
resl
kidn
ey f
ern
kone
huA
K 1
4198
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eH
ymen
ophy
llum
biv
alve
(G
.For
st.)
Sw
.fi
lmy
fern
WE
LT P
3472
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eH
ymen
ophy
llum
cup
ress
ifor
me
Labi
ll.
film
y fe
rnA
K 3
0074
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eH
ymen
ophy
llum
dem
issu
m (
G.F
orst
.) S
w.
droo
ping
fil
my
fern
piri
piri
AK
139
898
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eH
ymen
ophy
llum
dil
atat
um (
G.F
orst
.) S
w.
film
y fe
rnm
atua
mau
kuA
K 1
3990
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
26 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eH
ymen
ophy
llum
flab
ella
tum
Lab
ill.
fan-
like
fil
my
fern
WE
LT P
3437
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eH
ymen
ophy
llum
flex
uosu
m A
.Cun
n.cr
ispe
d fi
lmy
fern
WE
LT P
3668
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eH
ymen
ophy
llum
lyal
lii H
ook.
f.fi
lmy
fern
AK
305
162
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eH
ymen
ophy
llum
min
imum
A.R
ich.
film
y fe
rnA
K 2
3043
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eH
ymen
ophy
llum
mul
tifi
dum
(G
.For
st.)
Sw
.m
uch-
divi
ded
film
y fe
rnW
ELT
P34
72 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eH
ymen
ophy
llum
rar
um R
.Br.
film
y fe
rnC
HR
403
309
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eH
ymen
ophy
llum
rev
olut
um C
olen
sofi
lmy
fern
AK
303
979
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eH
ymen
ophy
llum
sca
brum
A.R
ich.
roug
h fi
lmy
fern
WE
LT P
3668
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eH
ymen
ophy
llum
vil
losu
m C
olen
soha
iry
film
y fe
rnA
K 2
9608
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eTr
icho
man
es c
olen
soi H
ook.
f.C
olen
so’s
bri
stle
fer
nA
K 2
2997
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eTr
icho
man
es e
long
atum
A.C
unn.
bris
tle
fern
AK
300
692
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eTr
icho
man
es e
ndli
cher
ianu
m C
.Pre
slE
ndli
cher
’s b
rist
le f
ern
AK
228
204
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eTr
icho
man
es s
tric
tum
Men
zies
ex
Hoo
k. e
t G
rev.
erec
t br
istl
e fe
rnA
K 2
2820
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Hym
enop
hyll
acea
eTr
icho
man
es v
enos
um R
.Br.
vein
ed b
rist
le f
ern
AK
141
999
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ole
andr
acea
eA
rthr
opte
ris
tene
lla
(G.F
orst
.) J
.Sm
. ex
Hoo
k.f.
join
ted
fern
CH
R 3
595
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Oph
iogl
ossa
ceae
Bot
rych
ium
aus
tral
e R
.Br.
pars
ley
fern
pātō
tara
AK
300
649
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Oph
iogl
ossa
ceae
Bot
rych
ium
bif
orm
e C
olen
sofi
ne-l
eave
d pa
rsle
y fe
rnA
K 3
0065
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Oph
iogl
ossa
ceae
Oph
iogl
ossu
m c
oria
ceum
A.C
unn.
Add
er’s
ton
gue
WE
LT P
1250
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Oph
iogl
ossa
ceae
Oph
iogl
ossu
m p
etio
latu
m H
ook.
stal
ked
adde
r’s
tong
ueA
K 1
3659
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Osm
unda
ceae
Lept
opte
ris
hym
enop
hyll
oide
s (A
.Ric
h.)
C.P
resl
sing
le c
rape
fer
nhe
ruhe
ruA
K 9
18 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poly
podi
acea
e*
Loxo
gram
me
dict
yopt
eris
(M
ett.
) C
opel
.la
nce
fern
AK
303
792
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poly
podi
acea
eM
icro
soru
m p
ustu
latu
m (
G.F
orst
.) C
opel
. sub
sp. p
ustu
latu
mho
und’
s to
ngue
kōw
aow
ao,
AK
840
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poly
podi
acea
eM
icro
soru
m s
cand
ens
(G.F
orst
.) T
inda
lefr
agra
nt f
ern
mok
imok
iA
K 1
4250
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poly
podi
acea
ePy
rros
ia e
leag
nifo
lia
(Bor
y) H
oven
kam
ple
athe
r-le
af f
ern
AK
853
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Psil
otac
eae
Tmes
ipte
ris
tann
ensi
s (S
pren
g.)
Ber
nh.
fork
fer
nC
HR
403
236
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Psil
otac
eae
Tmes
ipte
ris
lanc
eola
ta P
.A.D
ang
fork
fer
nA
K 2
9664
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Psil
otac
eae
Tmes
ipte
ris
elon
gata
P.A
.Dan
gfo
rk f
ern
AK
230
462
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Pte
rida
ceae
Adi
antu
m c
unni
ngha
mii
Hoo
k.C
unni
ngha
m’s
m
aide
nhai
rta
wat
awa
WE
LT P
8285
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Pte
rida
ceae
Adi
antu
m d
iaph
anum
Blu
me
tube
r-ro
oted
mai
denh
air
AK
303
483
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Pte
rida
ceae
Adi
antu
m fu
lvum
Rao
ulm
aide
nhai
r A
K 3
0099
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
27de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Pte
rida
ceae
Adi
antu
m h
ispi
dulu
m S
war
tzro
sy m
aide
nhai
r fe
rnA
K 2
9770
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Pte
rida
ceae
Pell
aea
rotu
ndif
olia
(G
.For
st.)
Hoo
k.bu
tton
fer
nta
raw
era
WE
LT P
3674
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Pte
rida
ceae
Pter
idiu
m e
scul
entu
m (
G.F
orst
.) C
ocka
yne
brac
ken
aruh
eA
K 2
2997
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Pte
rida
ceae
Pter
is m
acil
enta
A.R
ich.
swee
t fe
rnW
ELT
P12
521
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Pte
rida
ceae
Pter
is t
rem
ula
R.B
r.sh
akin
g br
ake
tura
wer
aC
HR
496
820
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Schi
zaea
ceae
Schi
zaea
aus
tral
is G
audi
ch.
sout
hern
com
b fe
rnA
K 8
88 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Schi
zaea
ceae
Schi
zaea
fist
ulos
a La
bill
.co
mb
fern
AK
227
189
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
The
lypt
erid
acea
ePn
eum
atop
teri
s pe
nnig
era
(G.F
orst
.) H
oltt
umgu
lly
fern
pāka
uroh
aroh
aW
ELT
P37
01 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Gym
nosp
erm
s (4
)
Ara
ucar
iace
ae*
Ara
ucar
ia h
eter
ophy
lla
(Sal
isb.
) Fr
anco
Nor
folk
pin
eA
K 2
9614
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Cup
ress
acea
e*
Cup
ress
us lu
sita
nica
Mil
l. va
r. lu
sita
nica
Mex
ican
cyp
ress
AK
295
819
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Cup
ress
acea
e*
Cup
ress
us m
acro
carp
a H
artw
. ex
Gor
don
mac
roca
rpa
AK
295
899
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Pin
acea
e*
Pinu
s ra
diat
a D
.Don
radi
ata
pine
AK
285
915
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Mag
noli
ids
(1)
Pip
erac
eae
Mac
ropi
per
exce
lsum
(G
.For
st.)
Miq
. sub
sp. e
xcel
sum
pepp
er t
ree
kaw
akaw
aA
K 2
2716
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Mon
ocot
s I
(86)
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*A
gapa
nthu
s pr
aeco
x su
bsp.
ori
enta
lis
(F.M
.Lei
ght)
F.M
.Lei
ght
agap
anth
usA
K 2
9592
8-29
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*A
lliu
m c
epa
L.on
ion
AK
304
121
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*A
lliu
m p
orru
m L
.le
ekA
K 2
9617
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*A
lliu
m s
choe
nopr
asum
L.
chiv
esA
K 2
9601
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*A
lliu
m t
riqu
etru
m L
.th
ree-
corn
ered
gar
lic
CH
R 4
6976
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*A
lliu
m v
inea
le v
ar. c
ompa
ctum
(T
huil
l.) B
or.
wil
d on
ion
AK
296
121
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*Ip
heio
n un
iflo
rum
(Li
ndl.)
Raf
.sp
ring
sta
r-fl
ower
CH
R 5
9489
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*Le
ucoj
um a
esti
vum
L.
spri
ng s
now
flak
eA
K 3
0031
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*N
arci
ssus
jonq
uill
a L.
daff
odil
AK
300
316
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*N
arci
ssus
pap
yrac
eus
Ker
Gaw
l. ‘P
aper
Whi
te’
daff
odil
AK
300
314
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*N
arci
ssus
poe
ticu
s L.
Poet
’s d
affo
dil
CH
R 5
9474
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*N
arci
ssus
pse
udon
arci
ssus
L.
daff
odil
CH
R 5
9489
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*N
arci
ssus
taz
etta
L.
daff
odil
AK
300
315
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*N
arci
ssus
taz
etta
L. ‘
Ear
ly C
heer
’da
ffod
ilC
HR
594
848
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*N
arci
ssus
×in
com
para
bili
s M
ill.
daff
odil
CH
R 5
9489
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
28 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Am
aryl
lida
ceae
*N
arci
ssus
×m
edio
lute
us M
ill.
daff
odil
CH
R 5
9485
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ara
ceae
*A
rum
ital
icum
Mil
l.It
alia
n ar
umC
HR
403
216
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ara
ceae
*La
ndol
tia
punc
tata
(G
.Mey
.) L
es e
t D
.J.C
raw
ford
purp
le-b
acke
d du
ckw
eed
CH
R 5
6806
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ara
ceae
Lem
na m
inor
L.
duck
wee
dkā
rear
eaA
K 2
9617
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ara
ceae
Wol
ffia
aus
tral
iana
(B
enth
.) H
arto
g et
Pla
sw
ater
mea
lA
K 2
9966
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ara
ceae
*Z
ante
desc
hia
aeth
iopi
ca (
L.)
Spre
ng.
arum
lil
yC
HR
585
635
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Asp
arag
acea
e†
Art
hrop
odiu
m c
irra
tum
(G
.For
st.)
R.B
r.re
ngar
enga
lil
yre
ngar
enga
AK
295
078
NZ
ind
igen
ous,
Cha
ts
natu
rali
sed
Asp
arag
acea
e†
Cor
dyli
ne a
ustr
alis
(G
.For
st.)
End
l.ca
bbag
e tr
eeti
AK
291
428
NZ
ind
igen
ous,
Cha
ts
natu
rali
sed
Asp
arag
acea
e*
Euco
mis
com
osa
(Hou
tt.)
Weh
rh.
pine
appl
e li
lyA
K 2
9998
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Asp
arag
acea
e*
Hya
cint
hoid
es n
on-s
crip
ta (
L.)
Cho
uard
ex
Rot
hm.
blue
bell
CH
R 5
9485
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Asp
arag
acea
e*
Mus
cari
arm
enia
cum
Bak
ergr
ape
hyac
inth
AK
172
003
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
elia
ceae
Ast
elia
cha
tham
ica
(Sko
ttsb
.) L
.B.M
oore
Mor
iori
fla
xka
kaha
CH
R 2
6948
2C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Hem
eroc
alli
dace
ae*
Alo
e ar
bore
scen
s M
ill
cand
elab
ra a
loe
AK
300
350
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Hem
eroc
alli
dace
ae*
Alo
e m
acul
ata
All
.so
ap a
loe
AK
298
519
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Irid
acea
e*
Cro
cosm
ia ×
croc
osm
iifl
ora
(G.N
icho
lson
) N
.E.B
r.m
ontb
reti
aC
HR
541
801
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Irid
acea
e*
Gla
diol
us c
omm
unis
sub
sp. b
yzan
tinu
s (M
ille
r). A
.P.H
ham
.gl
adio
lus
CH
R 6
0459
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Irid
acea
e*
Gla
diol
us ×
colv
ille
i Sw
eet
glad
iolu
sC
HR
602
343
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Irid
acea
e*
Iris
pse
udac
orus
L.
yell
ow f
lag
CH
R 9
7747
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Irid
acea
e*
Iris
ung
uicu
lari
s Po
ir.
AK
300
011
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Irid
acea
eLi
bert
ia p
ereg
rina
ns C
ocka
yne
et A
llan
nati
ve i
ris
mik
oiko
iA
K 2
2846
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Irid
acea
e*
Sisy
rinc
hium
irid
ifol
ium
Kun
thpu
rple
-eye
d gr
ass
AK
295
918
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Irid
acea
e*
Trit
onia
line
ata
(Sal
isb.
) K
er G
awl.
trit
onia
AK
295
789
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Irid
acea
e*
Wat
soni
a m
eria
na (
L.)
Mil
l.w
atso
nia
CH
R 6
0480
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Irid
acea
e*
Wat
soni
a ze
yler
i L.B
olus
wat
soni
aC
HR
604
804
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Junc
agin
acea
eTr
iglo
chin
str
iata
Rui
z et
Pav
.C
HR
178
479
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Aci
anth
us s
incl
airi
i Hoo
k.f.
hear
t-le
aved
orc
hid
AK
170
667
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Ade
noch
ilus
gra
cili
s H
ook.
f.C
HR
532
785
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Apo
rost
ylis
bif
olia
(H
ook.
f.) R
upp
et H
atch
odd-
leav
ed o
rchi
dA
K 1
7063
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
Cal
aden
ia c
hlor
osty
la D
.L.J
ones
, Mol
loy
et M
.A.C
lem
.A
K 2
5505
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
Cal
aden
ia v
arie
gata
Col
enso
CH
R 5
3476
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
29de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Orc
hida
ceae
Chi
logl
otti
s co
rnut
a H
ook.
f.gr
een
bird
orc
hid
AK
170
684
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Cor
ybas
che
esem
anii
(H
ook.
f. ex
Kir
k) K
untz
eA
K 2
2995
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
Cor
ybas
irid
esce
ns I
rwin
et
Mol
loy
spid
er o
rchi
dC
HR
585
752
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Cor
ybas
mac
rant
hus
(Hoo
k.f.)
Rch
b.f.
spid
er o
rchi
dC
HR
541
689
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Cor
ybas
obl
ongu
s (H
ook.
f.) R
chb.
f.A
K 2
2995
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
Cor
ybas
orb
icul
atus
(C
olen
so)
L.B
.Moo
resp
ider
orc
hid
CH
R 1
7850
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
Cor
ybas
rot
undi
foli
us (
Hoo
k.f.)
Rch
b.f.
helm
et o
rchi
dC
HR
594
948
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Den
drob
ium
cun
ning
ham
ii L
indl
.C
hris
tmas
orc
hid
peka
peka
AK
229
949
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Dry
moa
nthu
s ad
vers
us (
Hoo
k.f.)
Doc
kril
lA
K 2
3047
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
Eari
na a
esti
vali
s C
hees
eman
bam
boo
orch
idpe
ka-a
-wak
aA
K 2
3047
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
Eari
na m
ucro
nata
Lin
dl.
bam
boo
orch
idpe
ka-a
-wak
aA
K 1
5044
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
Gas
trod
ia c
unni
ngha
mii
Hoo
k.f.
blac
k or
chid
pere
iA
K 3
680
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Gen
ople
sium
nud
um (
Hoo
k.f.)
D.L
.Jon
es e
t M
.A.C
lem
.le
ek o
rchi
dC
HR
398
162
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Gen
ople
sium
pum
ilum
(H
ook.
f.) D
.L.J
ones
et
M.A
.Cle
m.
leek
orc
hid
AK
302
031
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Mic
roti
s ol
igan
tha
L.B
.Moo
resm
all
onio
n or
chid
AK
227
738
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Mic
roti
s un
ifol
ia (
G.F
orst
.) R
chb.
f.on
ion
orch
idA
K 2
2913
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
Mic
roti
s af
f. un
ifol
ia
onio
n or
chid
AK
296
182
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Nem
atoc
eras
aff
. sul
catu
msp
ider
orc
hid
AK
300
648
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Orc
hida
ceae
Pras
ophy
llum
col
enso
i Hoo
k.f.
Col
enso
’s l
eek
orch
idC
HR
403
134
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Pras
ophy
llum
hec
tori
i (B
ucha
nan)
Mol
loy,
D.L
.Jon
es e
t M
.A.C
lem
.H
ecto
r’s
leek
orc
hid
CH
R 5
0899
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
Pter
osty
lis
alob
ula
(Hat
ch)
L.B
.Moo
regr
een
hood
tutu
kiw
iA
K 3
0024
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
Pter
osty
lis
auri
cula
ta C
olen
sogr
eenh
ood
tutu
kiw
iC
HR
604
805
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Pter
osty
lis
bank
sii A
.Cun
n.gr
eenh
ood
tutu
kiw
iA
K 2
2719
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
Pter
osty
lis
mic
rom
ega
Hoo
k.f.
swam
p gr
eenh
ood
tutu
kiw
iC
HR
288
394
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
Pter
osty
lis
silv
icul
trix
(F.
Mue
ll.)
Mol
loy,
D.L
. Jon
es e
t M
.A.C
lem
.C
hath
am I
slan
ds
gree
nhoo
dtu
tuki
wi
AK
227
380
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Orc
hida
ceae
Pter
osty
lis
aff.
mon
tana
gree
nhoo
dtu
tuki
wi
AK
350
0C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Orc
hida
ceae
Spir
anth
es n
ovae
-zel
andi
ae H
ook.
f.la
dy’s
tre
sses
CH
R 1
9177
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
The
lym
itra
cya
nea
(Lin
dl.)
Ben
th.
stri
ped
sun
orch
idm
āika
kaC
HR
150
832
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
The
lym
itra
long
ifol
ia J
.R.F
orst
et
G.F
orst
. s.l.
whi
te s
un o
rchi
dm
āika
kaC
HR
158
351
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Orc
hida
ceae
The
lym
itra
ner
vosa
Col
enso
spot
ted
sun
orch
idm
āika
kaC
HR
534
747
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
30 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Orc
hida
ceae
The
lym
itra
pul
chel
la H
ook.
f.su
n or
chid
māi
kaka
AK
343
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Orc
hida
ceae
The
lym
itra
aff
. pau
cifl
ora
sun
orch
idm
āika
kaC
HR
534
750
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Pota
mog
eton
acea
eLe
pila
ena
bilo
cula
ris
Kir
kA
K 2
3653
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Pota
mog
eton
acea
ePo
tam
oget
on c
hees
eman
ii A
.Ben
n.re
d po
ndw
ood
rērē
wai
AK
296
078
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Pota
mog
eton
acea
eSt
ucke
nia
pect
inat
a (L
.) B
örne
rfe
nnel
-lea
ved
pond
wee
dA
K 2
2807
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Rip
ogon
acea
eRi
pogo
num
sca
nden
s J.
R.F
orst
. et
G.F
orst
.su
pple
jack
kare
aoA
K 2
3047
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Rup
piac
eae
Rup
pia
meg
acar
pa R
.Mas
onho
rse’
s m
ane
wee
dA
K 2
8191
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Rup
piac
eae
Rup
pia
poly
carp
a R
.Mas
onho
rse’
s m
ane
wee
dC
HR
288
382
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Xan
thor
rhoe
acea
eH
erpo
liri
on n
ovae
zela
ndia
e H
ook.
f.sk
y li
lyA
K 2
9294
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Xan
thor
rhoe
acea
e*
Kni
phof
ia u
vari
a (L
.) H
ook.
red
hot
poke
rC
HR
610
002
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Xan
thor
rhoe
acea
ePh
orm
ium
ten
ax J
.R.F
orst
, et
G.F
orst
.m
uka
flax
hara
keke
CH
R 5
0391
8,
CH
R 5
0393
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Mon
ocot
s II
—C
omm
elin
ids
(153
)
Are
cace
aeR
hopa
lost
ylis
sap
ida
cabb
age
tree
nika
uA
K 2
2714
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Com
mel
inac
eae
*Tr
ades
cant
ia fl
umin
ensi
s V
ell.
wan
deri
ng je
wC
HR
585
634
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Com
mel
inac
eae
*Tr
ades
cant
ia a
ff. f
lum
inen
sis
wan
deri
ng je
wA
K 2
9760
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Cyp
erac
eae
Bau
mea
art
hrop
hyll
a (N
ees)
Boe
ckC
HR
568
081
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Bau
mea
rub
igin
osa
(Spr
eng.
) B
oeck
.co
mm
on t
wig
rus
hA
K 1
7070
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Bau
mea
ten
ax (
Hoo
k.f.)
S.T
.Bla
keA
K 2
2997
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Car
ex a
ppre
ssa
R.B
r.tu
ssoc
k se
dge
AK
230
426
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Car
ex c
hath
amic
a Pe
trie
Cha
tham
Isl
ands
sw
amp
sedg
eA
K 2
2820
5C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Cyp
erac
eae
*C
arex
div
ulsa
Sto
kes
AK
297
962
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Cyp
erac
eae
*C
arex
flac
ca S
chre
b.bl
ue s
edge
AK
281
444
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Cyp
erac
eae
Car
ex fl
agel
life
ra C
olen
sotr
ip-m
e-up
CH
R 5
9500
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Car
ex fl
avif
orm
is N
elm
esye
llow
sed
geA
K 2
2820
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Car
ex p
umil
a T
hunb
.sa
nd s
edge
CH
R 2
8876
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Car
ex s
ecta
Boo
ttni
gger
hea
dpu
kio
AK
236
413
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Car
ex s
ecto
ides
(K
ük.)
Edg
arni
gger
hea
dA
K 2
2717
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Car
ex t
enui
culm
is (
Petr
ie)
Hee
nan
et d
e La
nge
slen
der
nigg
er h
ead
CH
R 3
9907
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Car
ex t
erna
ria
Boo
ttso
uthe
rn c
utty
gra
ssra
utah
iA
K 2
2719
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Car
ex t
rifi
da C
av.
mut
ton
bird
sed
geta
taki
AK
229
971
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
31de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Cyp
erac
eae
Car
ex v
ento
sa C
.B.C
lark
eC
hath
am I
slan
ds f
ores
t se
dge
AK
228
471
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Cyp
erac
eae
Car
ex v
irga
ta S
ol. e
x B
oott
toit
oiA
K 2
2770
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Car
ex a
ppre
ssa
R.B
r. ×
C. v
irga
ta S
ol. e
x B
oott
AK
227
731
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
*C
yper
us e
ragr
osti
s La
m.
umbr
ella
sed
gepu
keta
ngat
aA
K 3
0075
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Cyp
erac
eae
Cyp
erus
ust
ulat
us A
.Ric
h.co
asta
l cu
tty
gras
sup
okot
anga
taC
HR
187
505
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Eleo
char
is a
cuta
R.B
r.sh
arp
spik
e ru
shA
K 2
2846
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Eleo
char
is g
raci
lis
R.B
r.sl
ende
r sp
ike
rush
CH
R 2
9330
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Fici
nia
nodo
sa (
Rot
tb.)
Goe
tgh.
, Mua
sya
et D
.A.S
imps
onkn
obby
clu
b ru
shw
iwi
AK
150
291
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Fici
nia
spir
alis
(A
.Ric
h.)
Mua
sya
et d
e La
nge
gold
en s
and
sedg
epi
ngao
AK
228
462
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Isol
epis
auc
klan
dica
Hoo
k.f.
AK
232
569
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Isol
epis
bas
ilar
is H
ook.
f.py
gmy
club
rush
AK
298
647
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Isol
epis
cer
nua
(Vah
l) R
oem
. et
Schu
lt. v
ar. c
ernu
asl
ende
r cl
ubru
shA
K 2
2896
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Isol
epis
dis
tigm
atos
a (C
.B.C
lark
e) E
dgar
AK
229
971
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Isol
epis
hab
ra (
Edg
ar)
Sojá
kA
K 2
2717
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Isol
epis
inun
data
R.B
r.C
HR
913
86 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Isol
epis
pot
tsii
(V
.J.C
ook)
Soj
ákA
K 2
9633
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Isol
epis
pra
etex
tata
(E
dgar
) So
ják
AK
296
336
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Isol
epis
pro
life
r (R
ottb
.) R
.Br.
AK
230
424
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Isol
epis
ret
icul
aris
Col
enso
AK
213
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Lepi
dosp
erm
a au
stra
le (
A.R
ich.
) H
ook.
f.sq
uare
sed
geA
K 1
5029
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Scho
enop
lect
us p
unge
ns (
Vah
l) P
alla
thre
e sq
uare
AK
227
701
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Scho
enop
lect
us t
aber
naem
onta
ni (
C.C
.Gm
el.)
Pal
lala
ke c
lubr
ush
kūw
āwā
AK
236
684
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Scho
enus
apo
gon
Roe
m. e
t Sc
hult
.A
K 1
7066
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Scho
enus
con
cinn
us H
ook.
f.A
K 2
9564
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Scho
enus
flui
tans
Hoo
k.f.
AK
295
161
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Scho
enus
mas
chal
inus
Roe
m. e
t Sc
hult
.C
HR
221
322
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Scho
enus
nit
ens
(R.B
r.)
Roe
m. e
t Sc
hult
.A
K 2
3044
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Scho
enus
pau
cifl
orus
(H
ook.
f.) H
ook.
f.w
iwi
AK
232
568
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cyp
erac
eae
Unc
inia
ang
usti
foli
a H
amli
nba
star
d gr
ass
CH
R 2
9482
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cyp
erac
eae
Unc
inia
zot
ovii
Ham
lin
Zot
ov’s
bas
tard
gra
ssC
HR
294
828
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
32 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Cyp
erac
eae
Unc
inia
aff
. unc
inat
aC
hath
am I
slan
d ba
star
d gr
ass
AK
230
477
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Junc
acea
eJu
ncus
ant
arct
icus
Hoo
k.f.
dwar
f ru
shC
HR
399
090
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Junc
acea
e*
Junc
us a
rtic
ulat
us L
.jo
inte
d ru
shC
HR
567
961
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Junc
acea
e*
Junc
us b
ufon
ius
L. v
ar. b
ufon
ius
toad
rus
hA
K 2
976
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Junc
acea
eJu
ncus
dis
tegu
s E
dgar
leaf
less
rus
hw
iwi
CH
R 1
8720
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Junc
acea
eJu
ncus
edg
aria
e L.
A.S
.Joh
nson
et
K.L
.Wil
son
Edg
ar’s
rus
hw
iwi
CH
R 1
8754
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Junc
acea
e*
Junc
us h
olos
choe
nus
var.
mul
tifl
orus
Car
seA
K 2
2821
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Junc
acea
eJu
ncus
kra
usii
var
. aus
tral
iens
is (
Buc
hena
u) S
noge
rup
sea
rush
wiw
iC
HR
293
191
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Junc
acea
e†
Junc
us p
alli
dus
R.B
r.gi
ant
rush
wiw
iA
K 2
2821
2N
Z i
ndig
enou
s, C
hats
na
tura
lise
d
Junc
acea
eJu
ncus
pla
nifo
lius
R.B
r.gr
ass-
leav
ed r
ush
CH
R 4
9688
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Junc
acea
eJu
ncus
pri
smat
ocar
pus
R.B
r.an
gled
-fru
it r
ush
AK
228
078
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Junc
acea
eJu
ncus
pus
illu
s B
uche
nau
dwar
f ru
shA
K 2
3101
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Junc
acea
eJu
ncus
sar
opho
rus
L.A
.S.J
ohns
onle
afle
ss f
an r
ush
wiw
iC
HR
187
536
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Junc
acea
e*
Junc
us t
enui
s W
illd
. var
. ten
uis
trac
k ru
shA
K 2
9616
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Junc
acea
eJu
ncus
ust
itat
us L
.A.S
.Joh
nson
leaf
less
rus
hw
iwi
AK
299
144
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Junc
acea
eLu
zula
ban
ksia
na v
ar. a
cra
Edg
arco
asta
l w
oodr
ush
AK
230
480
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Junc
acea
e*
Luzu
la c
ampe
stri
s (L
.) D
C.
fiel
d w
oodr
ush
CH
R 5
9479
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Junc
acea
e*
Luzu
la c
onge
sta
(Thu
ill.)
Lej
.w
oodr
ush
CH
R 4
0308
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*A
gros
tis
capi
llar
is L
. br
ownt
opA
K 2
9601
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*A
gros
tis
stol
onif
era
L.cr
eepi
ng b
ent
AK
231
009
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*A
ira
cary
ophy
llea
L. s
ubsp
. car
yoph
ylle
asi
lver
y ha
ir g
rass
CH
R 4
3656
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*A
ira
prae
cox
L.ea
rly
hair
gra
ssA
K 2
0973
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*A
lope
curu
s ge
nicu
latu
s L.
kn
eed
foxt
ail
AK
228
970
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*A
mm
ophi
la a
rena
ria
(L.)
Lin
k m
arra
mA
K 9
8127
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*A
ntho
xant
hum
odo
ratu
m L
. sw
eet
vern
al g
rass
CH
R 8
2502
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*A
rrhe
nath
erum
ela
tius
sub
sp. b
ulbo
sum
(W
illd
.) S
chüb
l. et
G
.Mar
tens
onio
n tw
itch
CH
R 1
8758
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
Aus
trod
eria
tur
bari
a (C
onno
r) N
.P.B
arke
r et
H.P
.Lin
der
Cha
tham
Isl
and
toet
oeto
etoe
AK
232
570
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Poac
eae
*A
vena
fatu
a L.
wil
d oa
tA
K 2
1634
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*B
riza
max
ima
L.gr
eat
quak
ing
gras
sC
HR
966
38E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
33de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Poac
eae
Bro
mus
are
nari
us L
abil
l.sa
nd b
rom
eA
K 2
2806
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
*B
rom
us d
iand
rus
Rot
hri
pgut
bro
me
AK
170
698
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*B
rom
us h
orde
aceu
s L.
soft
bro
me
AK
277
619
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*B
rom
us li
thob
ius
Tri
n.C
hlie
an b
rom
eA
K 2
9616
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*B
rom
us s
teri
lis
L.ba
rren
bro
me
AK
295
931
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*B
rom
us v
aldi
vian
us P
hil.
stri
pey
brom
eC
HR
517
776
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*B
rom
us w
illd
enow
ii K
unth
prai
rie
gras
sA
K 2
7761
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*C
rite
sion
mur
inum
(L.
) Á
.Löv
e su
bsp.
mur
inum
barl
ey g
rass
AK
170
663
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*C
ynos
urus
cri
stat
us L
.cr
este
d do
gsta
ilA
K 2
3415
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*D
acty
lis
glom
erat
a L.
cock
sfoo
tA
K 1
7062
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*D
anth
onia
dec
umbe
ns (
L.)
DC
.he
ath
gras
sA
K 2
9864
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
Des
cham
psia
ces
pito
sa (
L.)
P.B
eauv
.go
lden
hai
r gr
ass
AK
227
735
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poac
eae
Dey
euxi
a av
enoi
des
(Hoo
k.f.)
Buc
hana
nm
ount
ain
oat
gras
sC
HR
825
00 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
Dey
euxi
a qu
adri
seta
(La
bill
.) B
enth
.A
K 2
3045
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
Dic
hela
chne
cri
nita
(L.
f.) H
ook.
f.pl
ume
gras
sC
HR
966
75 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
Dic
hela
chne
inae
quig
lum
is (
Hac
k.)
Edg
ar e
t C
onno
rpu
rple
plu
me
gras
sA
K 3
0398
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
*D
igit
aria
san
guin
alis
(L.
) Sc
op.
sum
mer
gra
ssA
K 2
9601
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*Ec
hino
chlo
a cr
us-g
alli
(L.
) P.
Bea
uv.
barn
yard
gra
ssC
HR
920
47E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
Echi
nopo
gon
ovat
us (
G.F
orst
.) P
.Bea
uv.
hedg
ehog
gra
ssC
HR
436
509
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poac
eae
*Eh
rhar
ta e
rect
a La
m.
veld
t gr
ass
AK
297
836
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*El
ytri
gia
repe
ns (
L.)
Nev
ski
couc
hhe
rew
hena
CH
R 9
2049
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*Er
agro
stis
am
abil
is (
L.)
Hoo
k. e
t A
rn.
Japa
nese
lov
er g
rass
AK
296
451
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*Er
agro
stis
cil
iane
nsis
(A
ll.)
Jan
ch.
stin
k gr
ass
AK
295
791
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
Fest
uca
coxi
i (Pe
trie
) H
ack.
C
ox’s
fes
cue
AK
201
0C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Poac
eae
*Fe
stuc
a ru
bra
subs
p. c
omm
utat
a G
audi
nch
ewin
gs f
escu
eC
HR
415
595
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*G
lyce
ria
decl
inat
a B
réb.
floa
ting
sw
eet
gras
sC
HR
965
66E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*G
lyce
ria
max
ima
(Har
tm.)
Hol
mb.
reed
sw
eet
gras
sA
K 2
9864
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*G
lyce
ria
plic
ata
(Fr.
) Fr
.re
ed s
wee
t gr
ass
CH
R 9
6658
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
Hie
roch
loe
fusc
a Z
otov
holy
gra
sskā
retu
AK
296
175
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poac
eae
Hie
roch
loe
redo
lens
(V
ahl)
Roe
m. e
t Sc
hult
.ho
ly g
rass
kāre
tuA
K 2
2717
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
*H
olcu
s la
natu
s L.
Yor
kshi
re f
ogA
K 1
7066
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
34 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Poac
eae
*H
olcu
s m
olli
s L.
cree
ping
fog
CH
R 4
7845
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
Lach
nagr
osti
s bi
llar
dier
ei (
R.B
r.)
Tri
n.sa
nd w
ind
gras
sA
K 2
2994
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
Lach
nagr
osti
s le
ptos
tach
ys (
Hoo
k.f)
Zot
ov
win
d gr
ass
WE
LT 7
6281
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poac
eae
Lach
nagr
osti
s li
ttor
alis
(H
ack.
) E
dgar
sub
sp. l
itto
rali
sw
ind
gras
sA
K 2
9610
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
Lach
nagr
osti
s ly
alli
i (H
ook.
f.) Z
otov
coas
tal
win
d gr
ass
CH
R 3
9760
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
Lach
nagr
osti
s pi
losa
(B
ucha
nan)
Edg
ar s
ubsp
. pil
osa
Lyal
l’s w
ind
gras
sC
HR
197
342
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poac
eae
Lach
nagr
otis
fili
form
is (
G.F
orst
.) T
rin.
win
d gr
ass
AK
227
190
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poac
eae
*La
guru
s ov
atus
L.
hare
’s t
ail
CH
R 4
9672
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*Le
ymus
are
nari
us (
L.)
Hoc
hst.
lym
e gr
ass
CH
R 5
043
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*Lo
lium
per
enne
L.
pere
nnia
l ry
e gr
ass
AK
228
968
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*Lo
lium
rig
idum
Gau
din
annu
al r
yegr
ass
AK
296
189
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
Mic
rola
ena
stip
oide
s (L
abil
l.) R
.Br.
var
. sti
poid
esm
eado
w r
iceg
rass
pātī
tīC
HR
966
55 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
*N
ardu
s st
rict
a L.
mat
gra
ssC
HR
569
360
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*Pa
spal
um d
ilat
atum
Poi
r.pa
spal
umA
K 2
9594
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*Ph
alar
is c
anar
iens
is L
.ca
nary
gra
sspā
tītī
CH
R 9
6679
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*Ph
alar
is m
inor
Ret
z.le
sser
can
ary
gras
sC
HR
966
83E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*Ph
leum
pra
tens
e L.
tim
onth
yti
mot
iC
HR
436
515
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*Po
a an
nua
L.an
nual
poa
CH
R 4
3651
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
Poa
bill
ardi
erei
(Sp
reng
.)St
.-Yve
ssa
nd t
usso
ckhi
nare
peC
HR
288
420
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poac
eae
Poa
chat
ham
ica
Petr
ie
Cha
tham
Isl
ands
poa
AK
223
546
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Poac
eae
†Po
a ci
ta E
dgar
silv
er t
usso
ckw
īC
HR
193
322
NZ
ind
igen
ous,
Cha
ts
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
Poa
imbe
cill
a Sp
reng
.fe
eble
poa
AK
195
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
*Po
a pr
aten
sis
L.K
entu
cky
blue
gras
sC
HR
966
14E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*Po
a tr
ivia
lis
L.ro
ugh
mea
dow
gra
ssC
HR
820
26E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*Po
lypo
gon
fuga
x N
ees
ex S
teud
.be
ard
gras
sA
K 2
9590
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
Pucc
inel
lia
chat
ham
ica
Che
esem
anC
hath
am I
slan
ds
salt
gras
s A
K 2
2714
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
Ryt
idos
perm
a cl
avat
um (
Zot
ov)
Con
nor
et E
dgar
bris
tle
gras
sC
HR
820
46 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
Ryt
idos
perm
a gr
acil
e (H
ook.
f.) C
onno
r et
Edg
arbr
istl
e gr
ass
AK
209
130
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poac
eae
*R
ytid
ospe
rma
peni
cill
atum
(La
bill
.) C
onno
r et
Edg
arbr
istl
e gr
ass
AK
296
157
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*R
ytid
ospe
rma
pilo
sum
(R
.Br.
) C
onno
r et
Edg
arbr
istl
e gr
ass
AK
295
818
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
35de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Poac
eae
*R
ytid
ospe
rma
race
mos
um (
R.B
r.)
Con
nor
et E
dgar
bris
tle
gras
sA
K 2
9615
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
Ryt
idos
perm
a un
ared
e (R
aoul
) C
onno
r et
Edg
arbr
istl
e gr
ass
CH
R 3
9761
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
*Sc
hedo
noru
s ar
undi
nace
us (
Schr
eb.)
Dum
ort.
tall
fes
cue
CH
R 9
6763
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*Se
tari
a gr
acil
is K
unth
knot
-roo
t br
istl
e gr
ass
AK
295
786
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*Se
tari
a ve
rtic
illa
ta (
L.)
P.B
eauv
.ro
ugh
bris
tle
gras
sA
K 2
9608
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poac
eae
*Se
tari
a vi
ridi
s (L
.) P
.Bea
uv.
gree
n br
istl
e gr
ass
CH
R 9
2051
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
Tris
etum
ard
uanu
m E
dgar
et
A.P
.Dru
ceA
K 3
0402
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
Tris
etum
lepi
dum
Edg
ar e
t A
.P.D
ruce
WE
LT 6
9097
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poac
eae
Tris
etum
spi
catu
m (
L.)
K.R
icht
.A
K 2
2847
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Poac
eae
*V
ulpi
a br
omoi
des
(L.)
Gra
yvu
lpia
hai
r gr
ass
AK
219
679
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poac
eae
*V
ulpi
a m
yuro
s (L
.) C
.C.G
mel
. var
. myu
ros
Rat
s-ta
il f
escu
eA
K 2
9644
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Res
tion
acea
eA
poda
smia
aff
. sim
ilis
join
ted
rush
oioi
CH
R 5
9480
9C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Res
tion
acea
eSp
orad
anth
us t
rave
rsii
(F.
Mue
ll.)
F.M
uell
.C
hath
am I
slan
d gi
ant
wir
e ru
shM
EL
1516
3C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Typ
hace
ae†
Typh
a or
ient
alis
C.P
resl
bull
rus
hra
upo
CH
R 9
6678
NZ
ind
igen
ous,
Cha
ts
natu
rali
sed
Zin
gibe
race
ae*
Hed
ychi
um g
ardn
eria
num
Ker
Gaw
l.w
ild
ging
erA
K 3
0727
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Eudi
cots
(24
)
Gun
nera
ceae
Gun
nera
mon
oica
Rao
ulA
K 2
2769
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Gun
nera
ceae
*G
unne
ra t
inct
oria
(M
ol.)
Mir
b.C
hile
an r
huba
rbA
K 3
0034
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Papa
vera
ceae
*Fu
mar
ia m
ural
is W
.D.J
.Koc
h su
bsp.
mur
alis
scra
mbl
ing
fum
itor
yA
K 2
8143
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Papa
vera
ceae
*G
lauc
ium
flav
um C
rant
zho
rned
pop
pyC
HR
403
135
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Papa
vera
ceae
*Pa
pave
r du
bium
L.
long
-hea
ded
popp
yA
K 2
3256
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Papa
vera
ceae
*Pa
pave
r rh
oeas
L.
fiel
d po
ppy
CH
R 6
0458
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Papa
vera
ceae
*Pa
pave
r so
mni
feru
m s
ubsp
. set
iger
um (
DC
.) C
orb.
opiu
m p
oppy
AK
295
082
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Pro
teac
eae
*B
anks
ia in
tegr
ifol
ia L
.f. v
ar. i
nteg
rifo
lia
coas
tal
bank
sia
AK
296
183
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ran
uncu
lace
ae*
Ane
mon
e ×h
ybri
da P
axto
nJa
pane
se a
nem
one
AK
296
119
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ran
uncu
lace
ae*
Aqu
ileg
ia v
ulga
ris
L.co
lum
bine
CH
R 5
9473
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ran
uncu
lace
ae†
Cle
mat
is p
anic
ulat
a J.
F.G
mel
.w
hite
cle
mat
ispu
awhā
naga
AK
297
964
NZ
ind
igen
ous,
Cha
ts
natu
rali
sed
Ran
uncu
lace
ae*
Cle
mat
is v
ital
ba L
.ol
d m
an’s
bea
rdA
K 1
5043
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ran
uncu
lace
ae*
Hel
lebo
rus
orie
ntal
is L
am.
win
ter
rose
CH
R 6
0455
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
36 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Ran
uncu
lace
ae*
Nig
ella
dam
asce
na L
.lo
ve i
n th
e m
ist
CH
R 4
1668
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ran
uncu
lace
aeRa
nunc
ulus
aca
ulis
DC
.sh
ore
butt
ercu
pC
HR
510
515
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ran
uncu
lace
aeRa
nunc
ulus
aff
. fol
iosu
s A
K 2
9511
7C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Ran
uncu
lace
aeRa
nunc
ulus
aff
. roy
i C
HR
569
361
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Ran
uncu
lace
aeRa
nunc
ulus
am
phit
rich
us C
olen
sow
ater
but
terc
upw
aori
kiA
K 2
2769
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ran
uncu
lace
ae*
Ranu
ncul
us fi
cari
a su
bsp.
fic
arii
form
is (
F.W
.Sch
ultz
) R
ouy
et
Fouc
aud
cela
ndin
eA
K 2
9998
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ran
uncu
lace
aeRa
nunc
ulus
gla
brif
oliu
s H
ook.
wat
er b
utte
rcup
wao
riki
AK
298
608
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ran
uncu
lace
ae*
Ranu
ncul
us p
arvi
flor
us L
.sm
all-
flow
ered
but
terc
upA
K 3
0055
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ran
uncu
lace
aeRa
nunc
ulus
ref
lexu
s G
arn.
-Jon
esha
iry
butt
ercu
pm
arūr
ūA
K 2
3046
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ran
uncu
lace
ae*
Ranu
ncul
us r
epen
s L.
cree
ping
but
terc
upC
HR
965
97E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ran
uncu
lace
ae*
Ranu
ncul
us s
cele
ratu
s L.
cele
ry-l
eave
d bu
tter
cup
AK
295
909
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Cor
e eu
dico
ts (
514)
Aca
ntha
ceae
*A
cant
hus
mol
lis
L.B
ears
bre
ache
sA
K 2
9595
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Act
inid
iace
ae*
Act
inid
ia d
elic
iosa
(A
.Che
v.)
C.F
.Lia
ng e
t A
.R.F
ergu
son
var.
deli
cios
aK
iwif
ruit
AK
299
998
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Aiz
oace
ae*
Car
pobr
otus
chi
lens
is (
Mol
ina)
N.E
.Br.
Chi
lean
ice
pla
ntA
K 2
9515
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Aiz
oace
ae*
Car
pobr
otus
edu
lis
(L.)
N.E
.Br.
Hot
tent
ot f
igC
HR
371
567
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Aiz
oace
ae*
×C
arpo
phym
a pa
llid
a Sy
kes
et H
eena
nC
HR
604
533
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Aiz
oace
aeD
isph
yma
aust
rale
(W
.T.A
iton
) N
.E.B
r. s
ubsp
. aus
tral
eM
aori
ice
pla
ntho
roka
kaA
K 2
3310
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Aiz
oace
aeD
isph
yma
papi
llat
um C
hinn
ock
Cha
tham
Isl
ands
ice
pl
ant
AK
227
716
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Aiz
oace
ae*
Dro
sant
hem
um fl
orib
undu
m (
Haw
.) S
chw
ante
sA
K 2
7565
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Aiz
oace
ae*
Lam
pran
thus
mul
tira
diat
us (J
acq.
) N
.E.B
r.C
HR
604
595
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Aiz
oace
ae*
Lam
pran
thus
spe
ctab
ilis
(H
aw.)
N.E
.Br.
CH
R 4
9672
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Aiz
oace
aeTe
trag
onia
impl
exic
oma
(Miq
.) H
ook.
f.na
tive
spi
nach
AK
170
693
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Aiz
oace
aeTe
trag
onia
tet
rago
nioi
des
(Pal
l.) K
untz
ena
tive
spi
nach
AK
230
034
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Am
aran
thac
eae
Alt
erna
nthe
ra d
enti
cula
ta R
.Br.
less
er jo
ywee
dA
K 3
0030
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Am
aran
thac
eae
Atr
iple
x au
stra
lasi
ca M
oq.
Aus
tral
ian
orac
heA
K 2
9563
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Am
aran
thac
eae
Atr
iple
x bi
llar
dier
ei (
Moq
.) H
ook.
f.cr
ysta
lwor
tC
HR
288
453
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Am
aran
thac
eae
Atr
iple
x bu
chan
anii
(K
irk)
Che
esem
anor
ache
CH
R 4
9690
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Am
aran
thac
eae
*A
trip
lex
pros
trat
a D
C.
CH
R 4
9673
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
37de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Am
aran
thac
eae
*B
eta
vulg
aris
L.
beet
AK
295
957
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Am
aran
thac
eae
*C
heno
podi
um a
lbum
L.
fat-
hen
CH
R 9
6689
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Am
aran
thac
eae
Che
nopo
dium
am
bigu
um R
.Br.
glau
cous
goo
sefo
otA
K 2
2993
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Am
aran
thac
eae
*C
heno
podi
um m
ural
e L.
nett
le-l
eave
d fa
t-he
nC
HR
920
58E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Am
aran
thac
eae
*D
ysph
ania
am
bros
ioid
es (
L.)
Mos
yaki
n et
Cle
men
tsM
exic
an t
eaA
K 2
9579
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Am
aran
thac
eae
Eina
dia
tria
ndra
(G
.For
st.)
A.J
.Sco
ttpi
gwee
dpo
ipap
aC
HR
288
449
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Am
aran
thac
eae
Eina
dia
trig
onos
(R
oem
. et
Schu
lt.)
Pau
l G
.Wil
son
subs
p.
trig
onos
pigw
eed
poip
apa
CH
R 4
9677
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Am
aran
thac
eae
Sarc
ocor
nia
quin
quef
lora
(B
unge
ex
Ung
.-Ste
rnb.
) A
.J.S
cott
su
bsp.
qui
nque
flor
asa
ltw
ort
CA
NU
198
41 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Api
acea
eA
ciph
ylla
die
ffen
bach
ii (
F.M
uell
.) K
irk
coxe
lla
tara
mea
AK
655
2C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Api
acea
eA
ciph
ylla
tra
vers
ii (
F.M
uell
.) H
ook.
f. C
hath
am I
slan
d sp
earg
rass
tara
mea
CH
R 9
7893
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Api
acea
e*
Ang
elic
a pa
chyc
arpa
Lan
gean
geli
caA
K 2
9592
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Api
acea
e*
Api
um g
rave
olen
sce
lery
AK
300
311
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Api
acea
eA
pium
pro
stra
tum
sub
sp. d
enti
cula
tum
P.S
.Sho
rtC
hath
am I
slan
ds c
eler
yA
K 2
2772
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Api
acea
eC
ente
lla
unif
lora
(C
olen
so)
Nan
nf.
cent
ella
AK
150
019
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Api
acea
eC
haer
ophy
llum
col
enso
i (H
ook.
f.)K
.F.C
hung
var
. col
enso
iC
olen
so’s
mou
ntai
n m
yrrh
AK
227
191
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Api
acea
e*
Con
ium
mac
ulat
um L
.he
mlo
ckC
HR
920
59E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Api
acea
e*
Cor
iand
rum
sat
ivum
L.
cori
ande
rA
K 2
9508
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Api
acea
e*
Dau
cus
caro
ta s
ubsp
. sat
ivus
(L.
) Sc
hueb
ler
et M
arte
nsca
rrot
AK
295
954
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Api
acea
eD
aucu
s gl
ochi
diat
us (
Labi
ll.)
Fis
ch.,
C.A
.Mey
. et
Avé
-Lal
l.na
tive
car
rot
CH
R 2
8843
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Api
acea
e*
Foen
icul
um v
ulga
re M
ill.
fenn
elA
K 2
9595
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Api
acea
eLi
laeo
psis
nov
ae-z
elan
diae
(G
and.
) A
.W.H
ill
CH
R 1
5901
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Api
acea
e*
Mel
anos
elin
um d
ecip
iens
(Sc
hrad
. et
J.C
.Wen
dl.)
Hof
fm.
pars
nip
palm
AK
295
079
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Api
acea
e*
Past
inac
a sa
tiva
L.
pars
nip
CH
R 4
0341
6A-C
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Api
acea
e*
Petr
osel
inum
cri
spum
(M
ill.)
A.W
.Hil
lpa
rsle
yA
K 2
9508
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Api
acea
e*
Tori
lis
japo
nica
(H
outt
.) D
C.
hedg
e pa
rsle
yA
K 2
9852
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Apo
cyna
ceae
*V
inca
maj
or L
.pe
riw
inkl
eC
HR
371
557
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Aqu
ifol
iace
ae*
Ilex
aqu
ifol
ium
L.
holl
yC
HR
594
758
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ara
liac
eae
*Fa
tsia
japo
nica
(T
hunb
.) D
ecne
. et
Pla
nch.
fats
iaC
HR
594
925
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
38 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Ara
liac
eae
*H
eder
a he
lix
L. s
ubsp
. hel
ixiv
yA
K 4
0320
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ara
liac
eae
*H
eder
a he
lix
subs
p. c
anar
iens
is (
Wil
ld.)
Cou
t.C
anar
y Is
land
ivy
Ak
3104
39E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ara
liac
eae
Hyd
roco
tyle
aff
. rob
usta
A
K 2
3041
8C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Ara
liac
eae
*H
ydro
coty
le b
owle
sioi
des
Mat
hias
et
Con
stan
ceN
ZF
RI
1261
60E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ara
liac
eae
Hyd
roco
tyle
het
erom
eria
A.R
ich.
wax
wee
dA
K 2
2913
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ara
liac
eae
Hyd
roco
tyle
mic
roph
ylla
A.C
unn.
CH
R 4
6803
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ara
liac
eae
Hyd
roco
tyle
mos
chat
a G
.For
st. v
ar. m
osch
ata
hair
y pe
nnyw
ort
AK
628
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ara
liac
eae
Hyd
roco
tyle
nov
ae-z
eela
ndia
e D
C.
AK
301
822
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ara
liac
eae
Hyd
roco
tyle
rob
usta
Kir
k C
HR
594
999
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ara
liac
eae
Hyd
roco
tyle
het
erom
eria
A.R
ich.
× H
. mos
chat
a G
.For
st. v
ar.
mos
chat
aC
HR
595
509
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ara
liac
eae
Pseu
dopa
nax
chat
ham
icus
Kir
k C
hath
am I
slan
d la
ncew
ood
hoho
AK
227
195
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Ara
liac
eae
*Te
trap
anax
pap
yrif
erus
(H
ook.
) K
.Koc
hC
hine
nse
rice
-pap
er t
ree
AK
300
324
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Arg
ophy
llac
eae
Cor
okia
mac
roca
rpa
Kir
kho
kata
kaA
K 6
737
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Ast
erac
eae
*A
chil
lea
mil
lefo
lium
L.
yarr
owC
HR
417
539
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
Ana
phal
ioid
es b
elli
dioi
des
(G.F
orst
.) G
lenn
yhe
lls
bell
sC
HR
288
478
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
*A
nthe
mis
cot
ula
L.st
inki
ng m
ayw
eed
AK
294
946
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*A
nthe
mis
pun
ctat
a su
bsp.
cup
ania
na (
Tod.
ex
Nym
an)
R.F
ern.
CH
R 6
0480
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*A
rcto
tis
hybr
ida
blue
-eye
d A
fric
an d
aisy
AK
296
097
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*A
rtem
isia
abs
inth
ium
Lab
sint
hC
HR
604
595
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*A
rtem
isia
arb
ores
cens
Lhe
dge
arte
mis
iaA
K 2
9608
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*B
elli
s pe
renn
is L
.la
wn
dais
yC
HR
966
15E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*B
elli
s pe
renn
is L
. ‘Fl
ore-
plen
a’la
wn
dais
yC
HR
604
589
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
Bra
chyg
lott
is h
unti
i (F.
Mue
ll.)
B.N
ord.
C
hath
am I
slan
d C
hris
tmas
tre
era
utin
iA
K 1
0701
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Ast
erac
eae
†B
rach
yglo
ttis
rep
anda
J.R
.For
st. e
t G
.For
st.
bush
man
’s f
rien
d ra
ngio
raA
K 2
9664
4N
Z i
ndig
enou
s, C
hats
na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
†B
rach
yglo
ttis
com
pact
a (K
irk)
B.N
ord.
× B
. gre
yi (
Hoo
k.f.)
B
.Nor
d.A
K 2
9593
0N
Z i
ndig
enou
s, C
hats
na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*C
alen
dula
off
icin
alis
L.
mar
igol
dA
K 2
8143
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*C
ardu
us p
ycno
ceph
alus
L.
slen
der
win
ged
this
tle
CH
R 4
6477
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
Cen
tipe
da a
otea
roan
a N
.G.W
alsh
snee
zew
eed
AK
300
309
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
39de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Ast
erac
eae
*C
hrys
anth
emum
seg
etum
L.
corn
mar
igol
dA
K 2
9591
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*C
irsi
um a
rven
se (
L.)
Scop
.C
alif
orni
an t
hist
leA
K 3
1044
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*C
irsi
um v
ulga
re (
Savi
) Te
n.Sc
otch
thi
stle
CH
R 4
3657
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*C
onyz
a su
mat
rens
is (
Ret
z.)
E.H
.Wal
ker
flea
bane
CH
R 3
2668
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
Cot
ula
aust
rali
s (S
pren
g.)
Hoo
k.f.
sold
ier’
s bu
tton
CH
R 1
7847
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ast
erac
eae
Cot
ula
coro
nopi
foli
a L.
bach
elor
’s b
utto
nsC
HR
399
153
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
Cra
sped
ia a
ff. m
inor
C
hath
am I
slan
d w
ooll
y he
adA
K 2
2807
4C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Ast
erac
eae
*C
repi
s ca
pill
aris
(L.
) W
allr
.sm
ooth
haw
ksbe
ard
AK
205
962
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*C
ynar
a sc
olym
us L
.ar
tich
oke
AK
295
083
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*D
elai
rea
odor
ata
Lem
.G
erm
an iv
yA
K 2
9612
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
Embe
rger
ia g
rand
ifol
ia (
Kir
k) B
oulo
s
Cha
tham
Isl
and
sow
this
tle
CH
R 1
0878
4C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Ast
erac
eae
*Er
iger
on k
arvi
nski
anus
DC
.M
exic
an d
aisy
AK
296
018
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
Euch
iton
aud
ax (
D.G
.Dru
ry)
Hol
ubcr
eepi
ng c
udw
eed
CH
R 4
1558
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ast
erac
eae
Euch
iton
col
linu
s C
ass.
cree
ping
cud
wee
dC
HR
288
474
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
Euch
iton
del
icat
us (
D.G
.Dru
ry)
Hol
ubcr
eepi
ng c
udw
eed
AK
295
124
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
Euch
iton
invo
lucr
atus
(G
.For
st.)
Hol
ubcr
eepi
ng c
udw
eed
WE
LT 3
336
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
Euch
iton
lim
osus
(D
.G.D
rury
) H
olub
cree
ping
cud
wee
dC
HR
403
055
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
Euch
iton
pal
udos
us (
Petr
ie)
Hol
ubcr
eepi
ng c
udw
eed
AK
304
126
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
Euch
iton
rua
hini
cus
(D.G
.Dru
ry)
Bre
itw
. et
J.M
.War
dcr
eepi
ng c
udw
eed
CH
R 4
1558
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ast
erac
eae
Euch
iton
sph
aeri
cus
(Wil
ld.)
Hol
ubJa
pane
se c
udw
eed
AK
231
012
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
*G
alin
soga
par
vifl
ora
Cav
.ga
lins
oga
CH
R 4
9685
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*G
azan
ia r
igen
s (L
.) G
aert
n.A
K 2
9874
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
Hel
ichr
ysum
fili
caul
e H
ook.
f.cr
eepi
ng e
verl
asti
ng
dais
yC
HR
972
14 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ast
erac
eae
Hel
ichr
ysum
lanc
eola
tum
(B
ucha
nan)
Kir
kni
niao
CH
R 3
594
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
*H
elic
hrys
um p
etio
lare
Hil
liar
d et
B.L
.Bur
ttli
quor
ice
plan
tA
K 2
9155
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*H
elm
inth
othe
ca e
chio
ides
(L.
) H
olub
oxto
ngue
AK
296
102
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*H
ypoc
haer
is g
labr
a L.
smoo
th c
atse
arA
K 1
5002
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*H
ypoc
haer
is r
adic
ata
L.ca
tsea
rA
K 2
3470
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*Ja
coba
ea v
ulga
ris
Gae
rtn.
ragw
ort
CH
R 1
2172
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
40 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Ast
erac
eae
Lage
nife
ra p
etio
lata
Hoo
k.f.
papa
tāni
wha
niw
haC
HR
269
005
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
Lage
nife
ra p
umil
a (G
.For
st.)
Che
esem
anpa
patā
niw
hani
wha
AK
230
487
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
*La
psan
a co
mm
unis
L.
nipp
lew
ort
AK
295
638
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*Le
onto
don
tara
xaco
ides
(V
ill.)
Mér
atha
wkb
itC
HR
159
002
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
Lept
inel
la fe
athe
rsto
nii F
.Mue
ll.
Cha
tham
Isl
and
butt
on
dais
yA
K 2
3048
7C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Ast
erac
eae
Lept
inel
la p
oten
till
ina
F.M
uell
.co
tula
AK
228
469
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
Lept
inel
la s
qual
ida
Hoo
k.f.
subs
p. s
qual
ida
cotu
laC
HR
464
786
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
*Le
ucan
them
um m
axim
a (R
amon
d) D
C.
shas
ta d
aisy
AK
296
116
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*Le
ucan
them
um v
ulga
re L
am.
ox-e
ye d
aisy
AK
295
959
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*M
atri
cari
a di
scoi
dea
DC
.pi
neap
ple
wee
dC
HR
965
82E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
Ole
aria
cha
tham
ica
Kir
kC
hath
am I
slan
d tr
ee
dais
yke
kete
rehe
AK
942
6C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Ast
erac
eae
Ole
aria
sem
iden
tata
Dec
ne.
Cha
tham
ast
erha
ngat
are
AK
295
147
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Ast
erac
eae
Ole
aria
tel
mat
ica
Hee
nan
et d
e La
nge
shel
l ak
eake
akea
keC
HR
595
004
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Ast
erac
eae
Ole
aria
tra
vers
ioru
m (
F.M
uell
.) H
ook.
f. ak
eake
CH
R 2
9005
4C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Ast
erac
eae
Ole
aria
cha
tham
ica
Kir
k ×
O. s
emid
enta
ta D
ecne
.C
HR
417
547
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Ast
erac
eae
*O
steo
sper
mum
frut
icos
um (
L.)
Nor
l.di
mor
phot
heca
CH
R 4
9676
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*Pe
rica
llis
×hy
brid
a B
.Nor
d.ci
nere
aA
K 2
9580
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
Picr
is b
urbi
dgea
e S.
Hol
zapf
elna
tive
oxt
ongu
eA
K 2
2715
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ast
erac
eae
Pseu
dogn
apha
lium
aff
. lut
eoal
bum
(a)
Jers
ey c
udw
eed
AK
296
140
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
Pseu
dogn
apha
lium
aff
. lut
eoal
bum
(b)
Jers
ey c
udw
eed
AK
227
210
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
Pseu
dogn
apha
lium
aff
. lut
eoal
bum
(c)
Jers
ey c
udw
eed
AK
227
153
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
*Se
neci
o an
gula
tus
L.f.
cape
ivy
AK
234
155
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*Se
neci
o ci
nera
ria
DC
.du
sty
mil
ler
CH
R 4
9672
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*Se
neci
o el
egan
s L.
shor
e gr
ound
sel
AK
170
628
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
Sene
cio
glom
erat
us P
oir.
fire
wee
dA
K 3
0097
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ast
erac
eae
Sene
cio
hisp
idul
us A
.Ric
h.fi
rew
eed
AK
296
178
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
Sene
cio
laut
us G
.For
st. e
x W
illd
. var
. lau
tus
New
Zea
land
gro
unds
elA
K 2
2820
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ast
erac
eae
Sene
cio
mar
otir
i C.J
.Web
bH
aura
ki G
ulf
grou
ndse
lA
K 2
9607
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ast
erac
eae
Sene
cio
min
imus
Poi
r.fi
rew
eed
AK
298
063
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
41de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Ast
erac
eae
Sene
cio
radi
olat
us F
.Mue
ll. s
ubsp
. rad
iola
tus
Cha
tham
Isl
and
grou
ndse
lA
K 1
7720
7C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Ast
erac
eae
Sene
cio
scab
erul
us (
Hoo
k.f.)
D.G
.Dru
ryfi
rew
eed
AK
228
461
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ast
erac
eae
*Se
neci
o sk
irrh
odon
DC
.gr
avel
gro
unds
elA
K 2
9595
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
Sene
cio
ster
quil
inus
Orn
d.gu
ano
grou
ndse
lA
K 2
9492
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ast
erac
eae
*Se
neci
o sy
lvat
icus
L.
woo
d gr
ound
sel
AK
170
675
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*Se
neci
o vu
lgar
is L
.co
mm
on g
roun
dsel
CH
R 4
9688
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
Sene
cio
aff.
glom
erat
us P
oir.
Cha
tham
Isl
and
fire
wee
dA
K 2
2715
4C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Ast
erac
eae
*Si
lybu
m m
aria
num
(L.
) G
aert
n.va
rieg
ated
thi
stle
CH
R 4
0339
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*So
nchu
s ar
vens
is L
.fi
eld
sow
this
tle
AK
229
926
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*So
nchu
s as
per
(L.)
Hil
lpr
ickl
y so
wth
istl
epu
haC
HR
496
848
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
Sonc
hus
kirk
ii H
amli
nna
tive
sow
this
tle
puha
CH
R 1
7847
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ast
erac
eae
*So
nchu
s ol
erac
eus
L.so
wth
istl
epu
haA
K 1
7065
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ast
erac
eae
*Ta
nace
tum
par
then
ium
(L.
) Sc
h.B
ip.
feve
rfew
AK
295
923
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*Ta
raxa
cum
ham
atum
Rau
nk.
dand
elio
nC
HR
156
630
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*Ta
raxa
cum
off
icin
ale
F.H
.Wig
g. a
gg.
dand
elio
nC
HR
436
642
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
Tara
xacu
m a
ff. m
agel
lani
cum
nati
ve d
ande
lion
CH
R 1
7876
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ast
erac
eae
*Tr
agop
ogon
por
rifo
lius
L.
sals
ify
AK
230
450
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ast
erac
eae
*Tr
iple
uros
perm
um in
odor
um S
chul
tz-B
ip.
scen
tles
s m
ayw
eed
AK
303
550
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bor
agin
acea
e*
Bor
ago
offi
cina
lis
L.bo
rage
AK
295
087
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bor
agin
acea
e*
Echi
um c
andi
cans
L.f.
prid
e of
Mad
eira
CH
R 3
0032
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bor
agin
acea
e*
Echi
um p
inin
ana
Web
b et
Ber
thel
.gi
ant
bugl
oss
AK
300
323
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bor
agin
acea
eM
yoso
tidi
um h
orte
nsiu
m (
Dec
ne.)
Bai
ll.
Cha
tham
Isl
and
forg
et-
me-
not
kōpu
kapu
kaA
K 2
2106
7C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Bor
agin
acea
e*
Myo
soti
s di
scol
or P
ers.
gras
slan
d fo
rget
-me-
not
CH
R 4
9673
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bor
agin
acea
e*
Myo
soti
s la
xa s
ubsp
. cae
spit
osa
(Sch
ultz
) H
yl. e
x N
ordh
.w
ater
for
get-
me-
not
CH
R 1
7873
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bor
agin
acea
eM
yoso
tis
spat
hula
ta G
.For
st.
forg
et-m
e-no
tA
K 7
509
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Bor
agin
acea
e*
Myo
soti
s sy
lvat
ica
Hof
fm. s
ubsp
. syl
vati
caga
rden
for
get-
me-
not
CH
R 4
9666
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bor
agin
acea
e*
Nem
ophi
la m
enzi
esii
Hoo
k. e
t A
rn.
CH
R 5
9484
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bor
agin
acea
e*
Phac
elia
tan
acet
ifol
ia B
enth
.ph
acel
iaC
HR
602
339
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bor
agin
acea
e*
Sym
phyt
um ×
upla
ndic
um N
yman
com
frey
AK
295
911
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Aly
ssum
sax
atil
e L.
CH
R 8
5962
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
42 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Bra
ssic
a ju
ncea
(L.
) C
zern
. var
. jun
cea
Indi
an m
usta
rdC
HR
496
898A
-CE
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Bra
ssic
a na
pus
L. v
ar. n
apus
rape
CH
R 5
8563
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Bra
ssic
a ni
gra
(L.)
W.D
.J.K
och
blac
k m
usta
rdA
K 2
9579
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Bra
ssic
a ol
erac
ea L
. var
. ole
race
aca
bbag
eA
K 2
9698
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Bra
ssic
a ol
erac
ea v
ar. a
ceph
ala
DC
.ka
leC
HR
594
743
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Bra
ssic
a ol
erac
ea v
ar. b
otry
tis
L.ca
ulif
low
erA
K 3
0403
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Bra
ssic
a ol
erac
ea v
ar. g
emm
ifer
a (D
C.)
Zen
ker
Bru
ssel
spr
outs
AK
295
938-
39E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Bra
ssic
a ol
erac
ea v
ar. i
tali
ca P
lenc
kbr
occo
liA
K 3
0025
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Bra
ssic
a ra
pa L
. var
. rap
atu
rnip
CH
R 5
8563
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Bra
ssic
a ra
pa v
ar. c
hine
nsis
(L.
) K
itam
.C
hine
se c
abba
geC
HR
604
587
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Bra
ssic
a ra
pa v
ar. o
leif
era
DC
.w
ild
turn
ipA
K 2
9579
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Cak
ile
eden
tula
(B
igel
ow)
Hoo
k.f.
sea
rock
etC
HR
371
559
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Cap
sell
a bu
rsa-
past
oris
(L.
) M
edik
.sh
ephe
rd’s
pur
seC
HR
966
03E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
eC
arda
min
e co
rym
bosa
Hoo
k.f.
agg.
nati
ve b
itte
rcre
ssA
K 2
2738
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Bra
ssic
acea
eC
arda
min
e de
bili
s D
C. a
gg.
nati
ve b
itte
rcre
ssA
K 3
1451
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Car
dam
ine
hirs
uta
L.bi
tter
cres
sC
HR
496
903
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Dip
lota
xis
mur
alis
(L.
) D
C.
wal
l ro
cket
AK
291
496
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Dip
lota
xis
tenu
ifol
ia (
L.)
DC
.pe
renn
ial
rock
etA
K 2
9593
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Eruc
a ve
sica
ria
subs
p. s
ativ
a (M
ill.)
The
ll.
rock
etA
K 2
9508
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Hes
peri
s m
atri
onal
is L
.da
me’
s vi
olet
CH
R 6
0458
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
eLe
pidi
um d
esva
uxii
The
ll.
bush
y pe
pper
cres
sA
K 2
9580
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Lepi
dium
did
ymum
L.
twin
cre
ssC
HR
156
626
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bra
ssic
acea
eLe
pidi
um fl
exic
aule
Kir
ksh
ore
cres
sA
K 2
9494
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Bra
ssic
acea
eLe
pidi
um o
lera
ceum
Spa
rr. e
x G
.For
st.
Coo
k’s
scur
vy g
rass
nau
AK
295
979
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Lepi
dium
sat
ivum
L.
gard
en c
ress
AK
297
485
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Lepi
dium
squ
amat
um F
orss
k.w
art
cres
sA
K 2
9644
7 E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
eLe
pidi
um fl
exic
aule
Kir
k ×
L. a
ff. o
lera
ceum
(a)
AK
295
155
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Bra
ssic
acea
eLe
pidi
um fl
exic
aule
Kir
k ×
L. a
ff. o
lera
ceum
(b)
AK
294
942
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Bra
ssic
acea
eLe
pidi
um a
ff. o
lera
ceum
(a)
C
hath
am I
slan
ds s
curv
y gr
ass
AK
230
459
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Bra
ssic
acea
eLe
pidi
um a
ff. o
lera
ceum
(b)
AK
208
579
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
43de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Bra
ssic
acea
eLe
pidi
um a
ff. o
lera
ceum
(d)
Man
gere
Isl
and
scur
vy
gras
sA
K 2
5560
7C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Lobu
lari
a m
arit
ima
(L.)
Des
v.al
yssu
mA
K 2
9594
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Luna
ria
annu
a L.
hone
sty
CH
R 5
9476
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Mal
colm
ia m
arit
ima
(L.)
R.B
r.V
irgi
nian
sto
ckA
K 2
8137
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Mat
thio
la in
cana
(L.
).R
.Br.
var
. inc
ana
stoc
kA
K 2
9613
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Nas
turt
ium
mic
roph
yllu
m R
eich
b.w
ater
cre
ssC
HR
966
12E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Nas
turt
ium
off
icin
ale
R.B
r.w
ater
cre
ssC
HR
156
631
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Raph
anus
sat
ivus
L. v
ar. s
ativ
usra
dish
CH
R 6
0459
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Bra
ssic
acea
eR
orip
pa d
ivar
icat
a (H
ook.
f.) G
arn.
Jone
s et
Jon
sell
New
Zea
land
wat
er c
ress
mat
uran
gaA
K 2
3735
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Bra
ssic
acea
eR
orip
pa p
alus
tris
(L.
) B
esse
rm
arsh
yel
low
cre
sspo
niu
CH
R 4
6479
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Sina
pis
alba
L. s
ubsp
. alb
aw
hite
mus
tard
AK
297
666
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Bra
ssic
acea
e*
Sisy
mbr
ium
off
icin
ale
(L.)
Sco
p.he
dge
mus
tard
CH
R 4
9690
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Cam
panu
lace
ae*
Cam
panu
la p
osch
arsk
yana
Deg
enC
HR
604
591
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Cam
panu
lace
aeLo
beli
a an
ceps
L.f.
shor
e lo
beli
aC
HR
176
553
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cam
panu
lace
aeLo
beli
a ar
enar
ia (
Hoo
k.f.)
Hee
nan
et d
e La
nge
pāne
kene
keA
K 2
2846
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cam
panu
lace
ae*
Lobe
lia
erin
us L
.be
ddin
g lo
beli
aA
K 3
0401
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Cam
panu
lace
aeW
ahle
nber
gia
ram
osa
G.S
imps
onna
tive
har
e be
llri
mur
oaA
K 2
2820
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cam
panu
lace
aeW
ahle
nber
gia
vern
icos
a J.
A.P
ette
rson
nati
ve h
are
bell
AK
226
783
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cam
panu
lace
aeW
ahle
nber
gia
viol
acea
J.A
.Pet
ters
onna
tive
har
e be
llri
mur
oaA
K 3
0402
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Can
naba
ceae
*C
anna
bis
sati
va L
.m
arij
uana
AK
295
916
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Can
naba
ceae
*H
umul
us lu
pulu
s L.
hops
CH
R 4
9686
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Cap
rifo
liac
eae
*Le
yces
teri
a fo
rmos
a W
all.
Him
alay
an h
oney
suck
leC
HR
417
541
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Cap
rifo
liac
eae
*Lo
nice
ra p
eric
lym
enum
L.
hone
ysuc
kle
AK
298
510
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Cap
rifo
liac
eae
*Sa
mbu
cus
nigr
a L.
elde
rber
ryC
HR
179
719
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
*C
eras
tium
font
anum
sub
sp. v
ulga
re (
Har
tm.)
Gre
uter
et
Bur
det
mou
se-e
ar c
hick
wee
dC
HR
436
462
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
*C
eras
tium
glo
mer
atum
Thu
ill.
annu
al m
ouse
-ear
ch
ickw
eed
AK
170
699
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
Col
oban
thus
ape
talu
s (L
abil
l.) D
ruce
CH
R 4
9683
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
Col
oban
thus
mue
ller
i Kir
kA
K 1
7427
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
Col
oban
thus
mus
coid
es H
ook.
f.C
AN
U 1
9811
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
*M
oenc
hia
erec
ta (
L.)
Gae
rtn.
erec
t ch
ickw
eed
AK
304
012
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
44 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
*Po
lyca
rpon
tet
raph
yllu
m (
L.)L
.al
lsee
dA
K 2
9595
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
*Sa
gina
ape
tala
Ard
.pe
arlw
ort
AK
296
463
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
*Sa
gina
pro
cum
bens
L.
proc
umbe
nt p
earl
wor
tA
K 1
5000
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
*Si
lene
arm
eria
L.
AK
295
912
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
*Si
lene
dio
ica
(L.)
Cla
irv.
sub
sp. d
ioic
are
d ca
mpi
onC
HR
602
345
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
*Si
lene
gal
lica
L.
catc
hfly
CH
R 4
9675
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
*Si
lene
lati
foli
a su
bsp.
alb
a (M
ille
r) G
reut
er e
t B
urde
tw
hite
cam
pion
AK
170
647
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
*Sp
ergu
lari
a ru
bra
sand
spu
rrey
AK
298
512
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
*St
ella
ria
gram
inea
L.
stit
chw
ort
AK
301
051
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
*St
ella
ria
med
ia (
L.)
Cir
illo
sub
sp. m
edia
chic
kwee
dC
HR
436
471
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Car
yoph
ylla
ceae
Stel
lari
a pa
rvif
lora
Hoo
k.f.
nati
ve c
hick
wee
dC
HR
288
392
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cel
astr
acea
e*
Euon
ymus
eur
opae
us L
.Ja
pane
se s
pind
letr
eeC
HR
602
342
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Con
volv
ulac
eae
Cal
yste
gia
sepi
um s
ubsp
. ros
eata
Bru
mm
itt
nati
ve b
indw
eed
pohu
ehue
AK
295
091
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Con
volv
ulac
eae
*C
alys
tegi
a si
lvat
ica
subs
p. d
isju
ncta
Bru
mm
itt
grea
ter
bind
wee
dC
HR
403
215
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Con
volv
ulac
eae
Cal
yste
gia
sold
anel
la (
L.)
R.B
r.sh
ore
bind
wee
dra
upar
aha
CH
R 2
8840
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Con
volv
ulac
eae
Cal
yste
gia
tugu
rior
um (
G.F
orst
.) H
ook.
f.cl
imbi
ng b
indw
eed
pōuw
hiw
hiC
HR
158
299
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Con
volv
ulac
eae
Cal
yste
gia
sepi
um s
ubsp
. ros
eata
Bru
mm
itt
× C
. tug
urio
rum
(G
.For
st.)
Hoo
k.f.
AK
295
090
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Con
volv
ulac
eae
*C
uscu
ta e
pith
ymum
(L.
) L.
clov
er d
odde
rC
HR
398
548
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Con
volv
ulac
eae
Dic
hond
ra r
epen
s J.
R.F
orst
. et
G.F
orst
.M
ercu
ry B
ay w
eed
AK
170
706
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Con
volv
ulac
eae
Dic
hond
ra a
ff. b
revi
foli
a (a
) “l
arge
”M
ercu
ry B
ay w
eed
AK
230
471
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Con
volv
ulac
eae
Dic
hond
ra a
ff. b
revi
foli
a (b
) “s
mal
l”M
ercu
ry B
ay w
eed
CH
R 4
9666
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Con
volv
ulac
eae
Dic
hond
ra a
ff. b
revi
foli
a (c
) “s
lend
er”
Mer
cury
Bay
wee
dA
K 3
0024
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cor
iari
acea
eC
oria
ria
arbo
rea
R.L
inds
. var
. arb
orea
Toot
tutu
AK
170
622
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cor
ynoc
arpa
ceae
†C
oryn
ocar
pus
laev
igat
us J
.R.F
orst
. et
G.F
orst
.ko
piA
K 2
3425
5N
Z i
ndig
enou
s, C
hats
na
tura
lise
d
Cra
ssul
acea
e*
Aeo
nium
arb
oreu
m (
L.)
Web
b et
Ber
thel
.pi
nwhe
el p
lant
AK
296
094
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Cra
ssul
acea
eC
rass
ula
kirk
ii (
All
an)
A.P
.Dru
ce e
t D
.R.G
iven
AK
295
645
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cra
ssul
acea
eC
rass
ula
mos
chat
a G
.For
st.
shor
e st
onec
rop
CH
R 4
9684
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cra
ssul
acea
e*
Cra
ssul
a m
ulti
cava
Lem
. sub
sp. m
ulti
cava
fair
y cr
assu
laC
HR
594
955
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Cra
ssul
acea
e*
Cra
ssul
a ov
ata
(Mil
l.) D
ruce
Jade
pla
ntA
K 2
9155
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Cra
ssul
acea
eC
rass
ula
ruam
ahan
ga A
.P.D
ruce
AK
229
937
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
45de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Cra
ssul
acea
eC
rass
ula
sieb
eria
na (
Schu
lt. e
t Sc
hult
.f.)
Dru
ceA
K 3
0074
6 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Cra
ssul
acea
eC
rass
ula
sinc
lair
ii (
Hoo
k.f.)
A.P
.Dru
ce e
t D
.R.G
iven
AK
296
075
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Cra
ssul
acea
e*
Sedu
m p
raea
ltum
A.D
C.
shru
bby
ston
ecro
pC
HR
594
774
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Dro
sera
ceae
Dro
sera
bin
ata
Labi
ll.
fork
ed s
unde
wA
K 1
5041
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Eri
cace
aeA
ndro
stom
a e
mpe
trif
olia
Hoo
k.f.
Bog
min
gim
ingi
WE
LT 3
5243
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Eri
cace
aeD
raco
phyl
lum
arb
oreu
m C
ocka
yne
tara
hina
uA
K 6
994
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Eri
cace
aeD
raco
phyl
lum
sco
pari
um H
ook.
f.in
aka
AK
699
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Eri
cace
aeD
raco
phyl
lum
arb
oreu
m C
ocka
yne
× D
. sco
pari
um H
ook.
f.A
K 2
8228
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Eri
cace
aeG
ault
heri
a an
tipo
da G
.For
st.
snow
berr
yta
uwin
iwin
iA
K 2
9632
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Eri
cace
aeLe
ptec
ophy
lla
robu
sta
(Hoo
k.f.)
C.M
.Wei
ller
C
hath
am I
slan
d m
ingi
min
gipo
uter
eter
eA
K 2
3231
9C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Eri
cace
aeLe
ucop
ogon
par
vifl
orus
(A
ndre
ws)
Lin
dl.
min
gim
ingi
CH
R 3
9914
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Eri
cace
aePe
ntac
hond
ra p
umil
a (J
.R.F
orst
. et
G.F
orst
.) R
.Br.
AK
296
093
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Eup
horb
iace
aeEu
phor
bia
glau
ca G
.For
st.
New
Zea
land
sho
re
spur
gew
aiūa
tua
CH
R 2
8845
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Eup
horb
iace
ae*
Euph
orbi
a he
lios
copi
a L.
sun
spur
geA
K 2
9597
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Eup
horb
iace
ae*
Euph
orbi
a la
thyr
is L
.ca
per
spur
geC
HR
602
341
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Eup
horb
iace
ae*
Euph
orbi
a pe
plus
L.
mil
kwee
dA
K 2
9601
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Eup
horb
iace
ae*
Rici
nus
com
mun
is L
.ca
stor
oil
pla
ntA
K 2
9608
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Faba
ceae
*A
caci
a so
phor
ae R
.Br.
coas
tal
wat
tle
AK
303
302
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*C
ytis
us s
copa
rius
(L.
) Li
nkbr
oom
AK
295
914
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*La
thyr
us t
ingi
tanu
s L.
Tang
ier
pea
AK
295
641
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*Lo
tus
pedu
ncul
atus
Cav
.lo
tus
CH
R 4
3649
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Faba
ceae
*Lo
tus
suav
eole
ns P
ers.
hair
y lo
tus
CH
R 5
1158
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Faba
ceae
*Lu
pinu
s po
lyph
yllu
s Li
ndl.
Rus
sell
lupi
nC
HR
594
931
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*M
edic
ago
arab
ica
(L.)
Hud
s.sp
otte
d bu
r m
edic
kC
HR
966
40E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Faba
ceae
*M
edic
ago
lupu
lina
L.
blac
k m
edic
kC
HR
496
720
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*M
edic
ago
nigr
a (L
.) K
rock
.bu
r m
edic
kC
HR
903
98E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Faba
ceae
*M
edic
ago
sati
va L
.lu
cern
eC
HR
965
85E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Faba
ceae
*M
elil
otus
indi
cus
(L.)
All
.K
ing
Isla
nd m
elil
otC
HR
403
178
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*Pa
rase
rian
thes
loph
anth
a (W
illd
.) I
.C.N
iels
enbr
ush
wat
tle
CH
R 5
9492
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
46 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Faba
ceae
†So
phor
a ch
atha
mic
a C
ocka
yne
kōw
hai
AK
497
3N
Z i
ndig
enou
s, C
hats
na
tura
lise
d
Faba
ceae
†So
phor
a m
icro
phyl
lakō
wha
iC
HR
604
802
NZ
ind
igen
ous,
Cha
ts
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*Tr
ifol
ium
arv
ense
L.
hare
sfoo
t tr
efoi
lA
K 2
9646
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Faba
ceae
*Tr
ifol
ium
cam
pest
re S
chre
b.ho
p tr
efoi
lA
K 2
9646
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Faba
ceae
*Tr
ifol
ium
cer
nuum
Bro
t.dr
oopi
ng-f
low
ered
clo
ver
CH
R 1
1813
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Faba
ceae
*Tr
ifol
ium
dub
ium
Sib
th.
suck
ling
clo
ver
CH
R 9
6605
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*Tr
ifol
ium
frag
ifer
um L
.st
raw
berr
y cl
over
CH
R 9
6580
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*Tr
ifol
ium
glo
mer
atum
L.
clus
tere
d cl
over
CH
R 9
6568
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*Tr
ifol
ium
mic
rant
hum
Viv
.le
sser
suc
klin
g cl
over
CH
R 4
3645
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Faba
ceae
*Tr
ifol
ium
orn
itho
podi
oide
s L.
trig
onel
CH
R 8
2040
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*Tr
ifol
ium
pra
tens
e L.
red
clov
erA
K 2
3117
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Faba
ceae
*Tr
ifol
ium
rep
ens
L.w
hite
clo
ver
CH
R 9
6599
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*Tr
ifol
ium
res
upin
atum
L.
reve
rsed
clo
ver
AK
298
506
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*Tr
ifol
ium
sub
terr
aneu
m L
.su
bclo
ver
CH
R 9
6634
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*U
lex
euro
paeu
s L.
gors
eC
HR
178
709
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*V
icia
hir
suta
(L.
) G
ray
hair
y ve
tch
CH
R 9
6639
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Faba
ceae
*V
icia
sat
iva
L.na
rrow
-lea
ved
vetc
hA
K 1
7066
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Faba
ceae
*V
icia
tet
rasp
erm
a (L
.) S
chre
ber
four
-see
ded
vetc
hA
K 2
9755
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Gen
tian
acea
e*
Cen
taur
ium
ery
thra
ea R
afn.
sub
sp. e
ryth
raea
cent
aury
AK
296
106
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Gen
tian
acea
e*
Cen
taur
ium
ten
uifl
orum
(H
offm
. et
Link
) Fr
itsc
hA
K 3
0348
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Gen
tian
acea
eG
enti
anel
la c
hath
amic
a (C
hees
eman
) T
.N.H
o et
S.W
.Liu
C
hath
am I
slan
ds g
enti
anA
K 2
3042
2C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Ger
ania
ceae
*Er
odiu
m c
icut
ariu
m (
L.)
L’H
ér. s
ubsp
. cic
utar
ium
com
mon
sto
rksb
ill
CH
R 4
9685
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ger
ania
ceae
*Er
odiu
m m
osch
atum
(L.
) L’
Hér
.m
usky
sto
rksb
ill
AK
296
113
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ger
ania
ceae
*G
eran
ium
dis
sect
um L
.cu
t-le
aved
ger
aniu
mC
HR
403
100
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ger
ania
ceae
*G
eran
ium
gar
dner
i de
Lang
eA
K 2
9601
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ger
ania
ceae
*G
eran
ium
mad
eren
se Y
eoD
ove’
s fo
ot c
rane
sbil
lC
HR
496
833
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ger
ania
ceae
*G
eran
ium
mol
le L
.tu
rnip
-roo
ted
gera
nium
mat
ua-k
ūmar
aA
K 2
2993
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ger
ania
ceae
Ger
aniu
m s
olan
deri
Car
olin
Cha
tham
Isl
ands
ge
rani
umA
K 4
980
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ger
ania
ceae
Ger
aniu
m t
rave
rsii
Hoo
k.f.
Gre
ater
her
b R
ober
tA
K 3
1043
8C
hath
ams
ende
mic
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
47de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Ger
ania
ceae
*G
eran
ium
yeo
i Aed
o et
Mun
oz G
arm
.A
K 2
9508
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ger
ania
ceae
*Pe
larg
oniu
m c
risp
um (
L.)
L’H
ér.
lem
on-s
cent
ed g
eran
ium
AK
300
322
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ger
ania
ceae
Pela
rgon
ium
inod
orum
Wil
ld.
kopa
tiC
HR
966
52 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ger
ania
ceae
*Pe
larg
oniu
m r
aden
s H
.E.M
oore
CH
R 4
9673
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ger
ania
ceae
*Pe
larg
oniu
m ×
aspe
rum
Wil
ld.
CH
R 4
9684
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ger
ania
ceae
*Pe
larg
oniu
m ×
hort
orum
L.H
.Bai
ley
zona
l pe
larg
oniu
mA
K 2
9577
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Goo
deni
acea
eSe
llie
ra r
adic
ans
Cav
.re
mur
emu
CH
R 3
7157
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Gro
ssul
aria
ceae
*Ri
bes
uva-
cris
pa L
.go
oseb
erry
CH
R 5
9482
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Hal
orag
acea
eG
onoc
arpu
s ag
greg
atus
(B
ucha
nan)
Orc
hard
CH
R 1
9732
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Hal
orag
acea
eG
onoc
arpu
s m
icra
nthu
s T
hunb
. sub
sp. m
icra
nthu
sA
K 2
9599
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Hal
orag
acea
eH
alor
agis
ere
cta
(Mur
ray)
Oke
n su
bsp.
ere
cta
toat
oaA
K 2
5148
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Hal
orag
acea
eM
yrio
phyl
lum
ped
uncu
latu
m s
ubsp
. nov
ae-z
elan
diae
Orc
hard
mil
foil
AK
230
419
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Hal
orag
acea
eM
yrio
phyl
lum
pro
pinq
uum
A.C
unn.
mil
foil
AK
295
646
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Hal
orag
acea
eM
yrio
phyl
lum
tri
phyl
lum
Orc
hard
mil
foil
CH
R 2
9124
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Hal
orag
acea
eM
yrio
phyl
lum
vot
schi
i Sch
indl
.m
ilfo
ilA
K 2
2769
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Hal
orag
acea
eM
yrio
phyl
lum
aff
. tri
phyl
lum
m
ilfo
ilA
K 2
8180
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Hyd
rang
eace
ae*
Hyd
rang
ea m
acro
phyl
la (
Thu
nb.)
Ser
.hy
dran
gea
AK
296
265
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Hyp
eric
acea
e*
Hyp
eric
um a
ndro
saem
um L
.tu
tsan
CH
R 4
0326
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Lam
iace
ae*
Aju
ga r
epta
ns L
.bu
gle
AK
295
778
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Lam
iace
ae*
Lam
ium
gal
eobd
olon
(L.
) L.
‘Var
iega
tum
’al
umin
ium
wee
dA
K 3
0032
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Lam
iace
ae*
Lam
ium
hyb
ridu
m V
ill.
cut-
leav
ed d
ead
nett
leC
HR
604
800
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Lam
iace
ae*
Lava
ndul
a de
ntat
a L.
Fren
ch la
vend
erA
K 2
9642
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Lam
iace
ae*
Mar
rubi
um v
ulga
re L
hore
houn
dA
K 1
4998
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Lam
iace
ae*
Mel
issa
off
icin
alis
L.
lem
on b
alm
CH
R 6
0234
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Lam
iace
aeM
enth
a cu
nnin
gham
ii B
enth
.na
tive
min
tA
K 3
0203
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Lam
iace
ae*
Men
tha
pule
gium
L.
penn
yroy
alA
K 2
9564
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Lam
iace
ae*
Men
tha
spic
ata
L. s
ubsp
. spi
cata
spea
rmin
tC
HR
417
538
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Lam
iace
ae*
Men
tha
suav
eole
ns E
hrh.
appl
e m
int
AK
299
993
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Lam
iace
ae*
Men
tha
×pi
peri
ta L
. var
. pip
erit
ape
pper
min
tA
K 2
9592
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Lam
iace
ae*
Prun
ella
vul
gari
s L.
self
hea
lA
K 2
3469
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Lent
ibul
aria
ceae
Utr
icul
aria
del
icat
ula
Che
esem
anbl
adde
rwor
tA
K 2
3003
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
48 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Lina
ceae
*Li
num
bie
nne
Mil
l.A
ustr
alia
n fl
axA
K 2
3866
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Lina
ceae
Linu
m m
onog
ynum
var
. cha
tham
icum
Coc
kayn
eC
hath
am I
slan
d li
nen
flax
rauh
uia
AK
230
459
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Lyth
race
ae*
Lyth
rum
hys
sopi
foli
um L
. hy
ssop
loo
sest
rife
CH
R 5
9485
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Mal
vace
ae†
Hoh
eria
pop
ulne
a A
.Cun
n.la
ceba
rkho
uher
eA
K 2
9580
2N
Z i
ndig
enou
s, C
hats
na
tura
lise
d
Mal
vace
ae*
Mal
va d
endr
omor
pha
F.M
.Ray
tree
mal
low
CH
R 4
0341
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Mal
vace
ae*
Mal
va li
nnae
i M.F
.Ray
Cre
tan
mal
low
CH
R 4
6804
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Mal
vace
ae*
Mal
va n
egle
cta
Wal
lr.
dwar
f m
allo
wC
HR
403
418
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Mal
vace
ae*
Mal
va n
icae
ensi
s A
ll.
Fren
ch m
allo
wA
K 2
9564
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Mal
vace
ae*
Mal
va p
arvi
flor
a L.
smal
l-le
aved
mal
low
AK
297
197
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Mal
vace
ae*
Mal
va s
ylve
stri
s L.
larg
e-le
aved
mal
low
AK
295
779
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Mal
vace
aePl
agia
nthu
s di
vari
catu
s J.
R.F
orst
. et
G.F
orst
.m
arsh
rib
bonw
ood
CH
R 2
8833
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Mal
vace
aePl
agia
nthu
s re
gius
sub
sp. c
hath
amic
us (
Coc
kayn
e) d
e La
nge
Cha
tham
Isl
and
ribb
onw
ood
AK
520
6C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Mal
vace
aePl
agia
nthu
s re
gius
sub
sp. c
hath
amic
us (
Coc
kayn
e) d
e La
nge
× P.
div
aric
atus
J.R
.For
st. e
t G
.For
st.
AK
229
928
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Mon
tiac
eae
Mon
tia
font
ana
L. s
ubsp
. fon
tana
blin
ksC
HR
496
868
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Mon
tiac
eae
*M
onti
a fo
ntan
a su
bsp.
cho
ndro
sper
ma
(Fen
zl)
Wal
ters
blin
ksA
K 3
0024
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Myr
tace
aeLe
ptos
perm
um s
copa
rium
J.R
.For
st. e
t G
.For
st.
tea
tree
kahi
kāto
aA
K 2
9616
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Myr
tace
ae†
Lept
ospe
rmum
aff
. sco
pari
um (
a)te
a tr
eeka
hikā
toa
AK
295
080
NZ
ind
igen
ous,
Cha
ts
natu
rali
sed
Myr
tace
ae†
Met
rosi
dero
s ex
cels
a So
l. ex
Gae
rtn.
New
Zea
land
Chr
istm
as
tree
pohu
tuka
wa
AK
295
799
NZ
ind
igen
ous,
Cha
ts
natu
rali
sed
Myr
tace
ae*
Ugn
i mol
inae
Tur
cz.
Chi
lean
gua
vaA
K 2
2715
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ole
acea
e*
Frax
inus
exc
elsi
or L
.as
hC
HR
604
586
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ole
acea
e*
Jasm
inum
off
icin
ale
L.po
et’s
jasm
ine
AK
299
987
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ole
acea
e*
Ligu
stru
m o
vali
foli
um H
assk
.C
alif
orni
an p
rive
tA
K 2
9850
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m a
lsin
oide
s A
.Cun
n.w
illo
w h
erb
AK
585
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m a
trip
lici
foli
um A
.Cun
n.w
illo
w h
erb
WE
LT 4
0936
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m b
illa
rdie
rean
um (
Ser.
) D
C.
wil
low
her
bA
K 2
3044
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m b
runn
esce
ns (
Coc
kayn
e) P
.H.R
aven
et
Eng
elho
rn
subs
p. b
runn
esce
nsw
illo
w h
erb
CH
R 2
0293
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
49de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m c
hion
anth
um H
auss
kn.
wil
low
her
bA
K 1
5042
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ona
grac
eae
*Ep
ilob
ium
cil
iatu
m R
af.
wil
low
her
bA
K 2
9577
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m c
iner
eum
A.R
ich.
wil
low
her
bM
EL
1003
11 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m in
sula
re H
auss
kn.
wil
low
her
bA
K 5
722
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m k
omar
ovia
num
H.L
év.
wil
low
her
bA
K 2
2769
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m m
icro
phyl
lum
A.R
ich.
wil
low
her
bA
K 2
9595
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m n
erte
rioi
des
A.C
unn.
wil
low
her
bA
K 1
5042
8 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m n
umm
ular
iifo
lium
A.C
unn.
wil
low
her
bC
HR
202
930
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m p
alli
difl
orum
A.C
unn.
wil
low
her
bC
HR
202
924
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m p
edun
cula
re A
.Cun
n.w
illo
w h
erb
AK
150
433
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m p
uben
s A
.Ric
h.w
illo
w h
erb
AK
228
073
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ona
grac
eae
Epil
obiu
m r
otun
difo
lium
G.F
orst
.w
illo
w h
erb
AK
170
708
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ona
grac
eae
†Fu
chsi
a ex
cort
icat
a (J
.R.F
orst
. et
G.F
orst
.) L
.f.tr
ee f
uchs
iako
tuku
tuku
AK
227
697
NZ
ind
igen
ous,
Cha
ts
natu
rali
sed
Ona
grac
eae
*Fu
chsi
a m
agel
lani
ca L
am. v
ar. m
agel
lani
cafu
chsi
aC
HR
594
958
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ona
grac
eae
*Fu
chsi
a m
agel
lani
ca v
ar. m
olin
ae ‘E
spin
osa’
fuch
sia
CH
R 5
9501
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Oro
banc
hace
ae*
Oro
banc
he m
inor
Sm
.br
oom
rap
eC
HR
569
363
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Oro
banc
hace
ae*
Pare
ntuc
elli
a vi
scos
a (L
.) C
arue
lta
r w
eed
AK
294
947
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Oxa
lida
ceae
*O
xali
s ar
ticu
lata
Sav
igny
var
. art
icul
ata
sour
gras
sA
K 1
7200
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Oxa
lida
ceae
*O
xali
s co
rnic
ulat
a L.
sub
sp. c
orni
cula
taox
alis
AK
296
088
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Oxa
lida
ceae
Oxa
lis
exil
is A
.Cun
n.cr
eepi
ng o
xali
sC
HR
158
318
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Oxa
lida
ceae
*O
xali
s in
carn
ata
L.li
lac
oxal
isC
HR
496
749
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Oxa
lida
ceae
*O
xali
s la
tifo
lia
Kun
thfi
shta
il o
xali
sA
K 2
9631
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Oxa
lida
ceae
Oxa
lis
mag
ella
nica
G.F
orst
.A
K 2
9610
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Oxa
lida
ceae
Oxa
lis
rube
ns H
aw.
AK
295
905
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Oxa
lida
ceae
Oxa
lis
thom
pson
iae
B.J
.Con
n. e
t P.
G.R
icha
rdT
hom
pson
’s o
xali
sA
K 2
9618
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Pass
iflo
race
ae*
Pass
iflo
ra t
ripa
rtit
a va
r. m
olli
ssim
a (K
unth
) H
olm
-Nie
ls. e
t Jø
rg.
bana
na p
assi
onfr
uit
AK
287
687
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Phr
ymac
eae
Glo
ssos
tigm
a el
atin
oide
s B
enth
. ex
Hoo
k.f.
AK
297
749
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Phr
ymac
eae
*M
imul
us g
utta
tus
DC
.m
onke
y m
usk
AK
296
138
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Phr
ymac
eae
*M
imul
us m
osch
atus
Lin
dl.
mon
key
mus
kA
K 2
9808
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
50 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Pit
tosp
orac
eae
†Pi
ttos
poru
m c
rass
ifol
ium
Ban
ks e
t So
l. ex
A.C
unn.
karo
AK
295
935
NZ
ind
igen
ous,
Cha
ts
natu
rali
sed
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
*C
alli
tric
he h
eter
ophy
lla
Pur
shst
arw
ort
CH
R 5
9480
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
Cal
litr
iche
mue
ller
i Son
d.st
arw
ort
AK
230
463
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
Cal
litr
iche
pet
riei
sub
sp. c
hath
amen
sis
R.M
ason
C
hath
am I
slan
d st
arw
ort
AK
227
162
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
*C
alli
tric
he s
tagn
alis
Sco
p.st
arw
ort
AK
234
687
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
Gra
tiol
a se
xden
tata
R.C
unn.
ex
A.C
unn.
grat
iola
AK
296
074
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
Heb
e ba
rker
i (C
ocka
yne)
Coc
kayn
e B
arke
r’s
koro
mik
oko
rom
iko
WE
LT 1
6860
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
Heb
e ch
atha
mic
a (B
ucha
nan)
Coc
kayn
e et
All
anC
hath
am I
slan
ds
koro
mik
oA
K 7
823
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
Heb
e di
effe
nbac
hii (
Ben
th.)
Coc
kayn
e et
All
an
Die
ffen
bach
’s k
orom
iko
WE
LT 3
5210
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
†H
ebe
elli
ptic
a (G
.For
st.)
Pen
nell
koro
muk
aA
K 2
9593
6N
Z i
ndig
enou
s, C
hats
na
tura
lise
d
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
*H
ebe
×fr
anci
sian
a (E
astw
.) S
oust
erhy
brid
heb
eC
HR
604
590
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
Heb
e ba
rker
i (C
ocka
yne)
Coc
kayn
e ×
H. d
ieff
enba
chii
(B
enth
.) C
ocka
yne
et A
llan
AK
295
988
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
Heb
e ch
atha
mic
a (B
ucha
nan)
Coc
kayn
e et
All
an ×
H.
dief
fenb
achi
i (B
enth
.) C
ocka
yne
et A
llan
koro
mik
oC
HR
399
058
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
*K
ickx
ia e
lati
ne (
L.)
Dum
ort.
flue
llen
AK
295
639
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
Lim
osel
la li
neat
a G
lück
mud
wor
tA
K 2
9615
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
*Pl
anta
go a
ustr
alis
Lam
.sw
amp
plan
tain
AK
299
127
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
*Pl
anta
go c
oron
opus
L.
buck
’s h
orn
plan
tain
CH
R 4
3647
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
*Pl
anta
go la
nceo
lata
L.
narr
ow-l
eave
d pl
anta
inA
K 1
7064
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
*Pl
anta
go m
ajor
L.
broa
d-le
aved
pla
ntai
nko
pako
paC
HR
436
504
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
Plan
tago
rao
ulii
Dec
ne.
tūkō
rehu
AK
231
011
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
Plan
tago
tri
andr
a B
ergg
r. st
arw
eed
AK
296
001
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
*V
eron
ica
arve
nsis
L.
fiel
d sp
eedw
ell
CH
R 4
6803
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
*V
eron
ica
pers
ica
Poir
.sc
ram
blin
g sp
eedw
ell
CH
R 4
9855
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
Ver
onic
a pl
ebei
a R
.Br.
nati
ve s
peed
wel
lA
K 2
9617
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Pla
ntag
inac
eae
*V
eron
ica
serp
ylli
foli
a L.
turf
spe
edw
ell
AK
170
654
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poly
gona
ceae
Mue
hlen
beck
ia a
ustr
alis
(G
.For
st.)
Mei
sn.
pōhu
ehue
AK
229
929
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poly
gona
ceae
Pers
icar
ia d
ecip
iens
(R
.Br.
) K
.L.W
ilso
nw
ater
pep
per
CH
R 6
0234
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
51de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Poly
gona
ceae
*Pe
rsic
aria
mac
ulos
a G
ray
wat
er p
eppe
rA
K 2
9617
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poly
gona
ceae
*Po
lygo
num
are
nast
rum
Bor
eau
smal
l-le
aved
wir
ewee
dA
K 2
9578
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poly
gona
ceae
*Po
lygo
num
avi
cula
re L
.w
irew
eed
AK
299
032
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poly
gona
ceae
*R
umex
ace
tose
lla
L.sh
eep’
s so
rrel
AK
170
676
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poly
gona
ceae
*R
umex
bro
wni
i Cam
pd.
hook
ed d
ock
AK
298
667
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poly
gona
ceae
*R
umex
con
glom
erat
us M
urra
ycl
uste
red
dock
CH
R 4
0338
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poly
gona
ceae
*R
umex
cri
spus
L.
curl
ed d
ock
CH
R 4
3645
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Poly
gona
ceae
Rum
ex fl
exuo
sus
Spre
ng.
Mao
ri d
ock
runa
AK
295
806
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poly
gona
ceae
Rum
ex n
egle
ctus
Kir
ksh
ore
dock
runa
AK
230
446
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Poly
gona
ceae
*R
umex
obt
usif
oliu
s L.
broa
d-le
aved
doc
kC
HR
436
613
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Poly
gona
ceae
*R
umex
pul
cher
L.
fidd
le d
ock
CH
R 9
6684
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Pri
mul
acea
e*
Ana
gall
is a
rven
sis
L. s
ubsp
. arv
ensi
s va
r. a
rven
sis
scar
let
pim
pern
elA
K 2
9607
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Pri
mul
acea
eM
yrsi
ne c
hath
amic
a F.
Mue
ll.
Cha
tham
Isl
and
mat
ipo
mat
ipo
AK
105
671
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Pri
mul
acea
eM
yrsi
ne c
oxii
Coc
kayn
eco
x’s
mat
ipo
mat
ipo
AK
105
670
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Pri
mul
acea
eM
yrsi
ne c
hath
amic
a F.
Mue
ll. ×
M. c
oxii
Coc
kayn
eA
K 2
2913
4 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Pri
mul
acea
e*
Prim
ula
vulg
aris
Hud
s.pr
imro
seC
HR
585
631
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Pri
mul
acea
eSa
mol
us r
epen
s (J
.R.F
orst
. et
G.F
orst
) Pe
rs. v
ar. r
epen
sm
arsh
pri
mro
seA
K 1
5003
1 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Rha
mna
ceae
Dis
cari
a to
umat
ou R
aoul
mat
agou
ritū
mat
akur
iC
HR
288
385
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ros
acea
eA
caen
a an
seri
nifo
lia
(J.R
.For
st. e
t G
.For
st.)
J.B
.Arm
str.
bidi
bidi
piri
piri
CH
R 4
9684
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ros
acea
eA
caen
a no
vae-
zela
ndia
e K
irk
bidi
bidi
piri
piri
AK
170
682
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Ros
acea
eA
caen
a pa
llid
a (K
irk)
All
anbi
dibi
dipi
ripi
riA
K 2
2847
2 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ros
acea
eA
caen
a no
vae-
zela
ndia
e K
irk
× A
. pal
lida
(K
irk)
All
anA
K 2
2773
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ros
acea
e*
Cot
onea
ster
gla
ucop
hyll
us F
ranc
h.co
tone
aste
rA
K 2
9590
0E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ros
acea
e*
Cot
onea
ster
lact
eus
W.W
.Sm
.A
K 2
9592
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ros
acea
e*
Frag
aria
×an
anas
sa D
uche
sne
stra
wbe
rry
AK
295
089
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ros
acea
e*
Mal
us ×
dom
esti
ca B
orkh
.ap
ple
AK
229
932
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ros
acea
ePo
tent
illa
ans
erin
oide
s R
aoul
silv
erw
eed
kōw
hai
AK
477
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Ros
acea
e*
Pote
ntil
la r
epta
ns L
.cr
eepi
ng c
inqu
efoi
lA
K 2
9597
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ros
acea
e*
Prun
us c
eras
ifer
a E
hrh.
plum
CH
R 6
0459
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ros
acea
e*
Prun
us s
erru
lata
Lin
dl.
cher
ry p
lum
AK
296
875
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ros
acea
e*
Prun
us ×
dom
esti
ca L
.Ja
pane
se h
ill
cher
ryA
K 2
9592
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
52 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Ros
acea
e*
Ros
a ru
bigi
nosa
L.
bria
r ro
seA
K 1
1291
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ros
acea
e*
Ros
a w
ichu
riai
ana
‘Am
eric
an P
illa
r’ro
seA
K 2
9579
3E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Ros
acea
e*
Ros
a w
ichu
riai
ana
‘Bal
leri
na’
rose
AK
297
793
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ros
acea
e*
Ros
a w
ichu
riai
ana
‘Hia
wat
ha’
rose
AK
298
805
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Ros
acea
e*
Rub
us p
olya
nthe
mus
Lin
deb.
blac
kber
ryA
K 2
9625
8E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Rub
iace
aeC
opro
sma
acer
osa
A.C
unn.
sand
cop
rosm
atā
tara
heke
AK
227
207
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Rub
iace
aeC
opro
sma
aff.
prop
inqu
a va
r. m
arti
nii
AK
281
352
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Rub
iace
aeC
opro
sma
chat
ham
ica
Coc
kayn
eka
ram
ūA
K 2
2715
8C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Rub
iace
aeC
opro
sma
prop
inqu
a A
.Cun
n. v
ar. p
ropi
nqua
min
gim
ingi
AK
150
469
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Rub
iace
aeC
opro
sma
prop
inqu
a va
r. m
arti
nii W
.R.B
.Oli
v.
min
gim
ingi
AK
227
381
Cha
tham
s en
dem
ic
Rub
iace
ae†
Cop
rosm
a re
pens
A.R
ich.
mir
ror
bush
taup
ata
AK
229
938
NZ
ind
igen
ous,
Cha
ts
natu
rali
sed
Rub
iace
ae†
Cop
rosm
a ro
bust
a R
aoul
kara
mū
AK
227
204
NZ
ind
igen
ous,
Cha
ts
natu
rali
sed
Rub
iace
aeC
opro
sma
chat
ham
ica
Coc
kayn
e ×
†C. r
obus
ta R
aoul
AK
296
455
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Rub
iace
aeC
opro
sma
chat
ham
ica
Coc
kayn
e ×
C. p
ropi
nqua
var
. mar
tini
i W
.R.B
.Oli
v.A
K 2
3043
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Rub
iace
ae†C
opro
sma
robu
sta
Rao
ul ×
C. p
ropi
nqua
var
. mar
tini
i W
.R.B
.Oli
v.A
K 2
9644
9 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Rub
iace
ae*
Gal
ium
apa
rine
L.
clea
vers
CH
R 9
5687
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Rub
iace
ae*
Gal
ium
pal
ustr
e L.
mar
sh b
edst
raw
AK
297
963
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Rub
iace
aeG
aliu
m p
ropi
nquu
m A
.Cun
n.m
āwe
AK
296
139
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Rub
iace
aeG
aliu
m t
rilo
bum
Col
enso
AK
296
144
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Rub
iace
ae*
Gal
ium
uli
gino
sum
L.
fen
beds
traw
CH
R 5
9502
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Rub
iace
aeN
erte
ra d
epre
ssa
Ban
ks e
t So
l. ex
Gae
rtn.
nert
era
CH
R 9
7746
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Rub
iace
aeN
erte
ra v
illo
sa B
.H.M
acm
ill.
et R
.Mas
onne
rter
aA
K 2
2819
7 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Rub
iace
ae*
Sher
ardi
a ar
vens
is L
.fi
eld
mad
der
AK
295
784
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Sali
cace
ae*
Sali
x ×
sepu
lcra
lis
Sim
onk.
kem
p w
illo
wA
K 2
9508
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Sali
cace
ae*
Sali
x ca
prea
L.
goat
wil
low
CH
R 5
9486
2E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Sali
cace
ae*
Sali
x ci
nere
a L.
grey
wil
low
AK
295
780
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Sali
cace
ae*
Sali
x fr
agil
is L
.cr
ack
wil
low
AK
295
913
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Sali
cace
ae*
Sali
x sp
. 1w
illo
wA
K 2
9591
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
53de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Sapi
ndac
eae
*A
cer
pseu
dopl
atan
us L
.sy
cam
ore
CH
R 4
0341
7E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Sapi
ndac
eae
†D
odon
aea
visc
osa
Jacq
.st
icky
hop
-bus
hak
eake
AK
512
6N
Z i
ndig
enou
s, C
hats
na
tura
lise
d
Saxi
frag
acea
e*
Ber
geni
a co
rdif
olia
Ste
rnb.
berg
enia
CH
R 5
9474
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Saxi
frag
acea
e*
Saxi
frag
a st
olon
ifer
a M
eerb
.m
othe
r of
tho
usan
dsC
HR
604
595
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Scro
phul
aria
ceae
*A
ntir
rhin
um m
ajus
L.
snap
drag
onA
K 3
0000
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Scro
phul
aria
ceae
*B
uddl
eja
davi
dii F
ranc
h.bu
ddle
iaC
HR
594
929
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Scro
phul
aria
ceae
†M
yopo
rum
laet
um G
.For
st.
ngai
oA
K 1
7066
9N
Z i
ndig
enou
s, C
hats
na
tura
lise
d
Scro
phul
aria
ceae
Myo
poru
m s
emot
um H
eena
n et
de
Lang
eng
aio
CH
R 5
0522
1C
hath
ams
ende
mic
Scro
phul
aria
ceae
*V
erba
scum
tha
psus
L.
CH
R 9
6650
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Sola
nace
ae*
Bru
gman
sia
sang
uine
a (R
uiz
et P
av.)
D.D
onA
K 2
9156
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Sola
nace
ae*
Lyci
um fe
roci
ssim
um M
iers
boxt
horn
CH
R 1
7873
4E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Sola
nace
ae*
Nic
andr
a ph
ysal
oide
s (L
.) G
aert
n.ap
ple
of P
eru
AK
295
640
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Sola
nace
ae*
Phys
alis
per
uvia
na L
.ca
pe g
oose
berr
yC
HR
436
473
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Sola
nace
aeSo
lanu
m a
vicu
lare
G.F
orst
. var
. avi
cula
rebu
lli
bull
ipo
ropo
roC
HR
436
598
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Sola
nace
ae*
Sola
num
che
nopo
dioi
des
Lam
.ve
lvet
nig
htsh
ade
CH
R 4
9683
5E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Sola
nace
aeSo
lanu
m la
cini
atum
Ait
onbu
lli
bull
ipo
ropo
roA
K 2
2716
3 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Sola
nace
ae*
Sola
num
lyco
pers
icum
L.
tom
ato
AK
295
941
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Sola
nace
ae*
Sola
num
nig
rum
L.
blac
k ni
ghts
hade
AK
234
157
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Sola
nace
aeSo
lanu
m n
odif
loru
m J
acq.
nigh
tsha
deA
K 2
9634
0 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Sola
nace
ae*
Sola
num
tub
eros
um L
.po
tato
AK
295
919
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Thy
mel
aeac
eae
Pim
elea
vil
losa
Sol
. ex
Sm.
sand
dap
hne
aute
tar
anga
CH
R 1
1291
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Tro
paeo
lace
ae*
Trop
aeol
um m
ajus
L.
nast
urti
umA
K 2
9851
1E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Tro
paeo
lace
ae*
Trop
aeol
um s
peci
osum
Poe
pp. e
t E
ndl.
Chi
lean
fla
me
cree
per
AK
296
314
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Urt
icac
eae
Aus
tral
ina
pusi
lla
Gau
dich
.au
stra
lina
AK
230
461
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Urt
icac
eae
Pari
etar
ia d
ebil
is G
.For
st.
pell
itor
yA
K 2
2720
5 C
hath
ams
indi
geno
us
Urt
icac
eae
*Pa
riet
aria
juda
ica
L.pe
llit
ory
of t
he w
all
AK
300
307
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Urt
icac
eae
*So
leir
olia
sol
eiro
lii (
Reg
.) D
andy
Bab
y’s
tear
sA
K 3
1585
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Urt
icac
eae
Urt
ica
aust
rali
s H
ook.
f.so
uthe
rn n
ettl
eon
gaon
gaA
K 3
781
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Urt
icac
eae
*U
rtic
a ur
ens
L.sm
all
nett
leC
HR
178
756
Exo
tic
natu
rali
sed
Vio
lace
aeM
elic
ytus
cha
tham
icus
(F.
Mue
ll.)
Gar
n.-J
ones
Cha
tham
Isl
and
mah
oem
ahoe
AK
114
10C
hath
ams
ende
mic
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
54 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
FAM
ILY
TAX
ON
CO
MM
ON
NA
ME
MA
OR
I NA
ME
VO
UC
HER
IND
IGEN
OU
S ST
AT
US
Vio
lace
aeV
iola
cun
ning
ham
ii H
ook.
f.m
ount
ain
viol
etC
AN
U 1
9827
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Vio
lace
aeV
iola
lyal
lii H
ook.
f.na
tive
vio
let
hāka
AK
299
666
Cha
tham
s in
dige
nous
Vio
lace
ae*
Vio
la o
dora
ta L
.vi
olet
CH
R 6
0479
9E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
Vio
lace
ae*
Vio
la r
ivin
iana
Rch
b.do
g vi
olet
CH
R 4
9628
6E
xoti
c na
tura
lise
d
* = E
xotic
nat
ural
ised
; † =
NZ
indi
geno
us, C
hath
ams n
atur
alis
ed.
55de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Appendix 2
Rejected taxaThe following 50 taxa have been recorded from the Chatham Islands but are not accepted in this publication because we have not seen substantiating voucher specimens.
*Acaena agnipila Gand. (Northcroft 1975)A. profundeincisa (Bitter) B.H.Macmill. (Jane 1997)Agrostis magellanica Lam. (Godley 1989)*Amaranthus retroflexus L. (Northcroft 1975)*Arctium L. sp. (Mueller 1864)Avicennia marina subsp. australasica (Walp.) J.Everett (Mueller 1864)Brachyscome sinclairii Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875)Carex geminata Schkuhr (Hamlin 1954)*Centaurea calcitrapa L. (Northcroft 1975)*Convolvulus arvensis L. (Northcroft 1975; Webb et al. 1988)Coprosma foetidissima J.R.Forst. et G.Forst. (Kirk 1899, Richards 1952)Earina autumnalis (G.Forst.) Hook.f. (Cockayne 1902)*Echium vulgaris L. (Northcroft 1975)Einadia allanii (Aellen) Paul G. Wilson (Buchanan 1875; Richards 1952)Empodisma minus (Hook.f.) L.A.S.Johnson et D.F.Cutler (Druce & Kelly 1973)Epilobium confertifolium Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875)*Eschscholzia californica Cham. (Northcroft 1975)*Fragaria vesca L. (Mueller 1864)Glossostigma diandrum (L.) Kuntze (de Lange et al. 1999a)Isolepis fluitans (L.) R.Br. (Jane 1997)Juncus novae-zelandiae Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875)*Lamium purpureum L. (Northcroft 1975)Lepidium draba L. (Northcroft 1975)Leptinella lanata Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875)*Linum catharticum L. (Northcroft 1975)*L. usitatissimum L. (Northcroft 1975)Luzula banksiana var. migrata (Buchenau) Edgar (Cheeseman 1925)L. crinita Hook.f. (Godley 1989)Lycopodium deuterodensum Herter (Buchanan 1875; Cheeseman 1925; Richards 1952)Melicytus ramiflorus J.R.Forst. et G.Forst. (Richards 1952)*Mentha ×piperita var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq. (Northcroft 1975)Microseris scapigera (Sol. ex A.Cunn.) Sch.Bip. (Druce & Kelly 1973)Poa anceps (Jane 1997)P. breviglumis Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875, Godley 1989)P. foliosa (Hook.f.) Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875)P. novae-zelandiae Hack. (Buchanan 1875)Polystichum cystostegium (Hook.f.) J.B.Armstr. (Crookes 1963)Pomaderris apetala Labill. (Hector 1878)*Portulaca oleracea L. (Northcroft 1975)Ranunculus multiscapus Hook.f. (Jane 1997)*Sedum acre L. (Northcroft 1975)Senecio quadridentatus Labill. (de Lange et al. 1999a)*Trifolium hybridum L. (Webb et al. 1988)*T. incarnatum L. (Webb et al. 1988)*T. medium L. (Northcroft 1975)Uncinia caespitosa Boott (Cheeseman 1906)U. clavata (Kük.) Hamlin (Jane 1997)U. ferruginea Boott (Jane 1997)*Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr. (Northcroft 1975)*Vittadinia triloba (Gaudich.) DC. (Northcroft 1975)
56 de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Appendix 3
Misapplied names, synonyms and misidentificationsThe following 28 taxa are names that have been incorrectly applied to plants that are known to be on the Chatham Islands. The most probable identity for these names is provided following the literature citation in brackets, e.g., Carex forsteri Wahlenb (Buchanan 1875; Cockayne 1902, referred to the Chatham Islands endemic C. ventosa C.B.Clarke).
Arundo conspicua G.Forst. (Buchanan 1875, Cockayne 1902, and Cheeseman 1925; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic Austroderia turbaria Connor)Aciphylla lyallii Hook.f. and A. monroi Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic A. traversii)Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (Northcroft 1975; referred to Alopecurus geniculatus L.)Astelia cunninghamii Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic A. chathamica L.B.Moore)Astelia grandis Hook.f. ex Kirk (Buchanan 1875; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic A. chathamica L.B.Moore)Carex forsteri Wahlenb. (Buchanan 1875 and Cockayne 1902; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic C. ventosa Petrie)Carex lambertiana Boott (Buchanan 1875; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic C. chathamica C.B.Clarke or possibly, C. flagellifera Colenso)Colobanthus crassifolius Hook.f. (Richards 1952; referred to C. muscoides Hook.f.)Coprosma baueri Endl. (Buchanan 1875; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic Coprosma chathamica Cockayne or, possibly, the first literature record of Coprosma repens naturalising on the islands)Corokia buddleioides A.Cunn. (Buchanan 1875; referred to the Chatham Islands endemic C. macrocarpa Kirk)Dicksonia antarctica Hook.f. (Cockayne 1902; referred to D. fibrosa Colenso)Dracophyllum rosmarinifolium (G.Forst.) R.Br. (Buchanan 1875; referred to D. scoparium Hook.f.)Geranium chathamicus Given nom. nud. (Given 1996; referred to to the Chatham Islands endemic G. traversii Hook.f.)Veronica salicifolia G.Forst. (Buchanan 1875; referred to one of the Chatham Islands endemic hebes, e.g., Hebe barkeri (Cockayne) Cockayne, H. chathamica (Buchanan) Cockayne et Allan, H. dieffenbachii (Benth.) Cockayne et Allan)Hymenophyllum javanicum Spreng. (Buchanan 1875; referred to H. flexuosum A.Cunn.)Libertia ixioides (G.Forst.) Spreng. (Buchanan 1875, Cockayne 1902, and Cheeseman 1925; referred to L. peregrinans Cockayne et Allan)Luzula rufa Edgar var. rufa (Edgar 1966)—this wood rush was accidentally recorded for the Chatham Islands (E. Edgar pers comm. 1999)Myrsine nummularia Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875; referred to to the Chatham Islands endemic M. coxii Cockayne)Olearia angustifolia Hook.f. var. (Buchanan 1875, referred to to the Chatham Islands endemic O. chathamica Kirk)Ophioglossum lusitanicum L. and O. vulgatum L. (see Allan 1961, Crookes 1963, and also Buchanan (1875) where O. vulgatum is mentioned as O. vulgatum var. β. costatum (R.Br.) Hook.f.)—these records are based on a mixed herbarium sheet which includes both
57de Lange et al.—Chatham Islands vascular plant checklist
Chatham Island specimens of O. petiolatum Hook.f. and foreign Ophioglossum specimens (P. J. Brownsey pers. comm.).Panax crassifolia Decne et Planch. (Buchanan 1875, referred to to the Chatham Islands endemic Pseudopanax chathamica Kirk) Pterostylis australis Hook.f. (Hatch 1949, referred to the Chatham Islands endemic P. silvicultrix (F.Muell.) Molloy, D.L.Jones et M.A.Clem.)Rumex acetosa L. (Northcroft 1975, referred to R. acetosella L.)Schoenoplectus triqueter (L.) Palla (Buchanan 1875, referred to S. pungens (Vahl) Palla)Sophora tetraptera var. grandiflora Hook.f. (Buchanan 1875; referred to S. chathamica Cockayne)Stellaria decipiens Hook.f. (Richards 1952; referred to S. parviflora Hook.f.)Uncinia rupestris Raoul (Hamlin 1954, Druce & Kelly 1973, and de Lange et al 1999a, referred to U. angustifoliaHamlin).Utricularia dichotoma Labill. (Cockayne 1902; referred to U. delicatula see Reutz & Fineran 1999).