Post on 15-Apr-2022
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CHEMICAL SAFETYSTORAGE AND DISPOSAL
Oral Biology Research Center
Faculty of Dentistry
Chulalongkorn University
1. Lack of knowledge about the harmful effect of chemical
reagents that maybe hazardous to the users, other lab members,
or environment
2. Don’t know how to store the reagent in a proper way
3. Have no idea how to dispose the reagents after usage
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Laboratory problem list
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Unlabeled chemical reagents
Some chemicals are
incompatible, and should be
kept in different places.
Laboratory problem list
place chemical reagents on the
floor
Did not tightly seal the cap of
chemical reagents
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Laboratory problem list
SDS
It is necessary to read the characteristic of chemicals and chemical
reagents before using from...
Safety data sheet
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1. documents from manufacturers
2. represent general information of the chemicals
such as safe handling, storage and disposal.
3. The Globally Harmonized System of
Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS)
assigns SDS as one additional component to the
chemical name.
The older name: Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
Section MSDS/SDS Safety Information Thai information
1 Identification of the substance/preparation and of the
Company/undertake
ขอมลเกยวกบสารเคม/เคมภณฑ/และบรษทผผลตและ
จ าหนาย
2 Hazards Identification ขมลระบความเปนอนตราย
3 Composition/Information on Ingredients สวนประกอบและขอมลสวนผสม
4 First Aid Measures มาตรการการปฐมพยาบาล
5 Fire Fighting Measures มาตรการผจญเพลง
6 Accidental Release Measures มาตราการการจดการเมอมการหกร วไหลของสารเคม
7 Handling and Storage ขอปฏบตในการใชและการเกบ
8 Exposure Controls/Personal Protection รกษาการควบคมการรบสมผสและการปองกนภยสวน
บคคล
9 Physical and Chemical Properties สมบตทางเคมและกายภาพ
10 Stability and Reactivity ความเสถยรและความไวตอการเกดปฏกรยา
11 Toxicological Information ขอมลดานพษวทยา
12 Ecological Information ขอมลเชงนเวศน
13 Disposal Considerations มาตรการการก าจด
14 Transport Information ขอมลการขนสง
15 Regulatory Information ขอมลเกยวกบกฎขอบงคบ
16 Other Information: update SDS information,
abbreviations
ขอมลอน
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Hazards identification
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Handling and storage
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Stability and reactivity
ALL chemicals must be labeled !
The label should indicate at least information as
following :
�Name of the user
�Name of chemical reagent
�Date of bring-in/ opening/ expiration
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Hazardous Symbols(Globally Harmonized System for Classification
and Labeling of Chemicals, GHS)
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GHS hazard division
1. Physical hazards: pressure, explosion, flammability
2. Health hazards: organ irritation, carcinogenicity, acute
toxicity
3. Environmental hazards: to aquatic environment and to
air environment
Symbol Type Physical Hazards
Explosive
• Unstable explosives
• Explosives
• Self-reactive substances and mixtures
• Organic peroxides
Flammable
• Flammable gases/aerosols/ liquids/solids
• Self-reactive substances and mixtures
• Pyrophoric liquids/ solids
• Self-heating substances and mixtures
• Substances and mixtures, which in contact with water, emit
flammable gases
• Organic peroxides
Oxidizing
• Oxidizing gases
• Oxidizing liquids
• Oxidizing solids
Compressed
gas
• Compressed gases
• Liquefied gases
• Refrigerated liquefied gases
• Dissolved gases
Corrosive • Corrosive to metals14
Symbol Type Health Hazards
Toxic • Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation)
Harmful
• Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation)
• Skin irritation
• Eye irritation
• Skin sensitization
• Specific target organ toxicity following single exposure
• Respiratory tract irritation
• Narcotic effects
Health hazard
• Respiratory sensitization
• Germ cell mutagenicity
• Carcinogenicity
• Reproductive toxicity
• Specific target organ toxicity following single exposure
• Specific target organ toxicity following repeated exposure
• Aspiration hazard
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Symbol Type Environmental Hazards
Environmenta
l hazard
• Acute hazards to the aquatic environment
• Chronic hazards to the aquatic environment
Harmful • Ozone hazard
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National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) system
H
F
R
Special
-Hazard rating sign
-USA system for risk
assessment of work and
emergency response
-not symbol for universal
sigh as GHS
-possibly found in SDS or
labeling on chemical
containers to remind
workers is special issues
in precaution
-
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National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) system
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Chemical storage
Principles for proper storage:-proper labeling on container
-do not storage incompatible chemicals in the same
place
-follow the guideline of EPA’s Chemical Compatibility Chart
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Chemical storage
EPA’s Chemical Compatibility Chart
# Reactivity group name
1 Acids, Mineral, Non-
oxidizing 1
2 Acids, Mineral,
Oxidizing 2
3 Acids, Organic
3
29 Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic,
Saturated
CODE CONSEQUENCE
H Heat Generation
F Fire
G Innocuous and non-flammable gas
generation
GT Toxic gas formation
GF Flammable gas formation
E Explosion
P Violent polymerization
S Solubilization of toxic substance
U May be hazardous, but unknown
G
H
H
F
EPA’s Chemical
Compatibility Chart
Chemical storage
# Reactivity group name
1 Acids, Mineral, Non-
oxidizing1
2 Acids, Mineral, Oxidizing
2
3 Acids, Organic
3
29 Hydrocarbons, Aliphatic,
Saturated
G
H
H
F
EPA’s Chemical Compatibility
Chart
Chemical storage
HCl
HNO3
CH3CH2COOH
CH3COCH3
Hydrochloric aid
Nitric acid
Acetic acid
Acetone
CODE CONSEQUENCE
H Heat Generation
F Fire
G Innocuous and non-flammable gas
generation
GT Toxic gas formation
GF Flammable gas formation
E Explosion
P Violent polymerization
S Solubilization of toxic substance
U May be hazardous, but unknown
Chemical storage
Practical guideline for chemical storage
-Classify the chemicals by to types of reactivity groups according to
EPA chart
-Analysis of compatibility of each chemicals, pool compatible
chemicals and separate incompatible chemicals
-Suitable container according to each chemical and physical properties
-Detail information on label according to GHS system
-SDS of all chemicals (always updated) in laboratory, which can be
used for reference in case of emergency
-Do not store both excessive amount or volume of chemicals
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Chemical storage
Practical guideline for chemical storage
-Refrigerators for chemicals should be different from refrigerator for
food and drink
-Chemical reagents should have secondary container or supporter
-Provide fire extinguisher equipment, PPE, chemical absorbents
-Do not keep chemical reagents in chemical fume hood
Practical guideline for chemical storage: flammable solids
and liquids
-Keep away from heat, flame, spark sources
-Low boiling point organic solvents: well ventilation area, sunlight
avoidance
-Volume not more than 20 liters
Chemical storage
Practical guideline for chemical storage: corrosive substances
-Keep acids and bases in separated areas
-Need secondary container or supporter for acid reagents
-Analysis of incompatibility of each acids according to EPA chart
Practical guideline for chemical storage: oxidizers and peroxides
-Keep away from heat, flame, spark sources
-Keep in separation of flammable organics
-Keep high potential oxidizer in inert container (glass) such as chromic
acid
-Do not use cork or rubber stopper for closing the container
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Chemical storage
Practical guideline for chemical storage: special substances
-Keep hydrofluoric acid in glass container only
-Keep peroxides and organometallics in refrigerator such as
hydrogen peroxide
-Keep sodium and alkaline metals in oil
-keep picric acid in water
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Safety in chemical transport
Practice recommendations-Study SDS of the chemicals subjected to be transported
-Check the condition (well or bad) of container before transport
chemicals
-Do not move incompatible chemicals in the same place and in the
same time
-Do not hold reagent bottles with one hand, need to use another hand
to support the bottles bottom
-To transport chemical reagents outside laboratory, the safety bottle
carriers are required: stainless steel supporters for non-corrosive
reagents (organic solvents), plastic supporters for corrosive reagents
such as acids
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Safety in chemical transport
Practice recommendations
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Chemical waste disposal
Chemical wastes: the leftover chemicals from experiments, unidentified
chemicals, expired or deteriorated chemicals
Reduced
Chemicals
Reused / Recycle
Wastes
Classification
Classified wastes
wastes pending for disposal
Treated wastes
Waste disposal company
General wastes
Waste treatment
Non-hazardous wastes
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Reduce: minimize both volume and mass from starting experiments
1. Small scale experiment or micro scale experiment
2. Replacement with demonstration or educational medias
3. Advice the students ore researchers for minimized preparations
Waste reduction
Reuse: use returnable chemicals
1. Reused solvent for washing or rinsing glassware or containers
2. Solid support reagent such as silica gel or catalysts
3. Reuse chemical containers
Recycle: treatment of wastes to be suitable for reuse
1. Recovering organic solvent such as distillation of acetone used for rinsing
glassware
2. Recovering valuable metal catalysts such as Ag, Au, Pa
3. Purification of expired chemicals for rinsing or washing containers
Chemical waste disposal
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Classification of chemical wastes
1. Special wastes
-the chemicals reactive with water or air to be explosive reactions (azides or
peroxides)
Peroxides
Axides2. Cyanide wastes
-the waste containing cyanide
component such as NaN3, KN3, K3Fe(CN)6
3. Oxidizing wastes
-the waste containing component with a potential of
electron acceptor
-possible to react with some chemicals as explosive
reaction such as HNO3, NaHClO3, KMnO4, NaIO4,
Na2S2O8
Chemical waste disposal
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Classification of chemical wastes
4. Mercury wastes
-the chemicals containing mercury component such as HgCl2, alkyl mercury, broken
mercury thermometer
5. Chromate wastes
-the chemicals containing chromic acid (H2CrO4), chromium ion (Cr3+)
6. Heavy metal wastes
-the chemicals containing heavy metal ions (not including Hg) such as Ba2+, Cd2+,
Pb2+, Cu2+/Cu+, Fe2+/Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Ag+
7. Acid wastes
-the chemicals waste containing mineral acid more than 5%
Chemical waste disposal
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Classification of chemical wastes
8. Alkaline wastes
-the chemicals waste containing alkaline more than 5%
9. Petroleum products
-the petroleum oils, gasoline oil, diesel oil, lubricant, kerosenes
10. Oxygenated wastes
-the chemicals waste containing oxygen in chemical structure such as alcohols,
ketones, ether, ethyl acetate, aldehydes
11. NPS wastes
-the chemicals waste containing components of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur such
as dimethylformamide ((CH₃)₂NCH), dimethylsulfoxide ((CH3)2SO), amino acids
Chemical waste disposal
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Classification of chemical wastes
12. Halogenated wastes
-the organic chemicals waste containing components of halogens such as
CCl4, C2HCl3, phenol chloroform
13. Solid wastes
-Combustible solid wastes: cell or tissue debris from organic solvent extraction,
gloves contaminated with organic chemicals
-Incombustible solid wastes: silica gel from chromatography, broken glasses
14. Miscellaneous aqueous wastes
-non-toxic chemical wastes in water with concentration less than 5%
-Toxic chemical wastes (any concentration) are classified as special wastes.
15. Expired or deteriorated chemical wastes
-Unidentified chemicals
-transformation of chemical structures or change of the chemical components due to
Log-term keeping.
Chemical waste disposal
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Precaution issues1. Avoid mixing incompatible chemical wastes: mixing of nitric acid waste
with organic solvents can be a cause of severe reaction or explosive
reaction with toxic gas
2. Avoid mixing cyanide waste with acid that can generate cyanide gas
-the waste mixture of several component must be classified as a priority
of more dangerous:
--Mixture of acid with flammable solvent is classified as flammable
waste
--Mixture of non-cyanide solution with cyanide solution is classified as
cyanide waste
3. HPLC wastes: classified as the major solvents; major component of
water classified as miscellaneous aqueous waste; major component of
Methanol classified as oxygenated waste
Chemical waste disposal
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Precaution issues4. Suitable container with waste: metal container incompatible with
corrosive waste, plastic container compatible with bases or oxidizing
Waste
5. Do not fill liquid waste more than 80% of total volume of the
Container
6. Label on waste container and keep it until the appointment date
with the disposal central faculties or disposal company
Chemical waste disposal
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Primary waste management guideline
1. Waste disposable into tab into or chemical waste
-waste that contains inorganic or organic solvents less than 5% in
water
-solid waste without contamination of chemicals or toxic chemicals
2. Waste required treatment
-wastes that can be disposed, but require primary treatments
-toxic wastes that required primary treatment before sending to
disposal company
Chemical waste disposal
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Primary waste treatments
Items Treatments
Acids and Bases Neutralize before waste into the drains
Oxidizing agents Reduce with suitable reducing agents before waste into the
drains by study of SDS, report in articles
Chemicals reactive to water
and air
Destroy using dilution with water or weak acids:
1. NH4Cl2 used to destroy basic solutions:
metal hydrides (NaH, CaH2), organometallic reagents, 2.
NaHCO3 used to destroy acidic solutions:
acid halides (R-COOX)
Solid support from
chromatography: silica in
organic solvent
Dry and deliver to disposal company as incombustible solid
wastes
Solution of low
concentration of heavy
metal ions (< 100 mg/ml)
Separation from solvents by drying or precipitation to minimize
volume, and send to disposal company as heavy metal wastes
Chemical waste disposal
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Labeling on waste containers
Accident from chemical spill
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Chemical exposure to skin:
• Immediately flush with cool water for at least
15 minutes
• If there are no visible burns, soap area
• Seek medical attention if a reaction occurs or
if there are concerns
Chemical exposure to skin – serious:
• Remove all contaminated clothing
• Immediately soak with cool water for at least 15 minutes
• Have someone contact an instructor immediately
• Seek immediate medical attention
• Carry SDS in hand as a reference for physician to provide
a suitable treatment
Chemicals in eyes:
• Irrigate eyes for at least 15 minutes with
tempered water from emergency
eyewash station
• Remove contact lenses if possible
• Have someone contact an instructor
immediately
• Seek immediate medical attention
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Accident from chemical spill
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Emergency shower and eyewash
Located at
room 914
Note :
• Consult physician - bring MSDS
• Area of chemical spill - Clean chemical according to SDS,
report the incident
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Accident from chemical spill
Spill cleanup procedures
YOU SHOULD NOT CLEAN UP A SPILL IF:
� You don’t know what the spilled material is
� You lack the necessary protection or equipment to do the job safely
� The spill is too large to contain
� The spilled material is highly toxic
� You feel any symptoms of exposure
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SPILL RESPONSE AND CLEAN UP PROCEDURE
� Notify lab personnel and neighbors of the accident.
� Isolate the area. Close lab doors and evacuate the
immediate area if necessary.
� Remove ignition sources and unplug nearby electrical
equipment.
� Establish exhaust ventilation. Vent vapors to outside of
building only (open windows and turn on fume hoods). 46
Spill response and clean up procedure
� Locate spill kit.
� Choose appropriate personal protective equipment (goggles,
face shield, impervious gloves, lab coat, apron, etc.)
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Put on appropriate PPE
� Confine and contain spill. Cover with appropriate absorbent
material. Acid and base spills should be neutralized prior to
cleanup. Sweep solid material into a plastic dust pan and
place in a sealed 5 gallon container.
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Spill response and clean up procedure
� Wet mop spill area. Be sure to decontaminate broom, dustpan, etc.
Put all contaminated items (gloves, clothing, etc.) into a sealed 5
gallon container or plastic bag.
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Spill response and clean up procedure
Spill absorbents
� Universal Spill Absorbent - 1:1:1 mixture of Flor-Dri (or unscented kitty litter),
sodium bicarbonate, and sand. This all purpose absorbent is good for most
chemical spills including solvents, acids (not good for hydrofluoric acid), and
bases.
� Acid Spill Neutralizer - sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or calcium
carbonate.
� Alkali (Base) Neutralizer - sodium bisulfate. Solvents/Organic Liquid Absorbent
- Inert absorbents such as vermiculite, clay, sand, Flor-Dri, and Oil-Dri.
� Bromine Neutralizer - 5% solution of sodium thiosulfate and inert absorbent.
� Hydrofluoric Acid - HF compatible spill pillow or neutralize with lime and
transfer to a polyethylene container. 50
Spills requiring special procedures
� Acid chlorides: use Oil-Dri, Zorb-All, or dry sand. Avoid water and
avoid sodium bicarbonate.
� Alkali metals (lithium, sodium, magnesium, potassium) Smother with
dry sand, and void contact with water.
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� White or Yellow Phosphorus: Blanket with wet sand or wet absorbent.
� Bromine:Neutralize spill with a 5% solution of sodium thiosulfate. Absorb with inert absorbent material.
� Hydrofluoric Acid: Neutralize with soda ash or lime (or absorb spill with special HF spill pillow). Absorb with inert absorbent material.
� Mercury: Use aspirator bulb or suction device to collect mercury beads (Do not use a vacuum cleaner). Mop up mercury with mercury decontaminating powder.
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Spills requiring special procedures
THANK YOU…FOR YOUR KIND CO-OPERATION…