Post on 17-Dec-2015
transcript
Kingdom Animalia- All inverts & verts
1. Phylum Chordata: All have nerve cords. 3 subphyla :
A- Urochordata (tunicates aka sea squirts). Only larvae have notochord
B-Cephalochordata (lancelets aka Amphioxus). Retain notochord throughout adulthood, but “muscle- like” for burrowing
C-Vertebrata- Notochord becomes backbone. 7 Classes
Section 33-1
have the followingkey features
which is
Concept MapChordates
A flexiblesupportingstructure
NotochordDorsal hollow
nerve cordPharyngeal
gill slits/ pouchesPostanal
tail
Section 30-1
Muscle segments
TailAnus
Pharyngeal pouches
Mouth
Hollownerve cord
Notochord
The Generalized Structure of a Chordate:
We even start out this way in the womb!
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Chordates
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Phylum Chordata
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Phylum Chordata
• Notochord• Gill slits or
pharyngeal pouches
• Dorsal hollow nerve cord
• Postanal tail• Segmented
muscles• Deuterostome
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Evolutionary Adaptations of Chordates
• From filter feeding ancestors to active predators– Mobility– Oxygen capture– Digestion– Circulation– Nervous system
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Skeletal Changes
• Skeleton becomes stronger to work with bigger muscles
• Allows more rapid movement
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Oxygen Capture
• Gill slit and muscular pharynx will move more water over gills– More oxygen is extracted
from water
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Circulation
• Stronger heart to circulate blood faster
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Digestion
• Digest more food– Muscularized gut – Digestive glands
• Liver• Pancreas
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Nervous System
• More complex for better– Motor control of body to
capture food– Sensory detection of the
animals environment– Integration centers
(brain)
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Brain With Three Parts
ForebrainMidbrainHindbrain
Section 33-1
Nonvertebrate chordates
Jawless fishes
Cartilaginous fishes
Bony fishes
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Figure 33–2 A Cladogram of Chordates
MammalsBirds
ReptilesAmphibians
Fishes
Nonvertebratechordates
Invertebrate ancestor
Chordate Cladogram
Section 33-1
Fishes(47%)
Nonvertebrate chordates(4%)
Mammals(8%)
Birds(18%)
Reptiles(14%)
Amphibians(9%)
Figure 33–4 Diversity of Chordates
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Chordate SubphylaChordate SubphylaPhylum. Chordata
Subphylum. Urochordata
Subphylum. Cephalochordata
Subphylum. Vertebrata
Phylum. ChordataSubphylum. Urochordata
Subphylum. Cephalochordata
Subphylum. Vertebrata
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Sea Squirts
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Subphylum Urochordata• Sea squirts• Gill slits (pharyngeal
slits)• Notochord
– Only in larva
• Adult has tunic- made of cellulose, sessile
• http://finstofeet.wordpress.com/2010/03/14/1-2-behold-the-tunicates/
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Subphylum Cephalochordata
• Amphioxus• Notochord length of
body• Dorsal hollow nerve
cord• Gill slits• Segmented muscles• Maintain all chordate
characteristics as adult
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Amphioxus
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Amphioxus
Subphylum Vertebrata: All Vertebrates have:
• Closed circulatory system• Bilateral symmetry• True coelom• 3 germ layers• Endoskeleton- backbone• Sexual reproduction- internal or external
Homeostasis
• Endothermic (warm-blooded)- internal temp. regulation that must be maintained
Ex. Birds & Mammals
• Ectothermic (cold-blooded)- external temp. regulation/ regulated by environment
Ex. Nonvertebrate chordates, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles
Section 33-2
Environmental Temperature (°C)
Bo
dy
Tem
per
atu
re (
°C)
Temperature Control in Chordates
98.6 F- avg human temp
Animal Group Endo/ectotherm Behavior/structure
Fish Ectotherm Swim bladder:Cold/move upHot/move down
Amphibian Ectotherm Cool/go in sunHot/go to water
Reptile Ectotherm Cool/baskHot/go to water
Birds Endotherm Cool/fluff featherHot/raise wings
Mammals Endotherm Sweat, pant, shiver
How vertebrates maintain their temperature
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Agnatha
“Jawless” Fish (most primitive): Traits:
-Sucker like mouth(no jaws)
-No fins or paired appendages
-Cartilage skeleton w/ notochord
Ex: lamprey & hagfish
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Chondrichthyes-Cartilage Fish
Traits:
Cartilage skeleton; 2 chambered heart
Lateral line system –detect vibrations (movement & sense)
Paired appendages- pectoral and pelvic girdles
Poor eyesight, great olfactory
Carnivorous or scavenger, no swim bladder
Ex: sharks, skates, rays
Fish Scales Scales Tails
Fish Tail Cladogram
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Osteichthyes-
Bony Fish
Traits:
Bony skeleton; 2 chambered heart
Lateral line system/movement & sense
Swim bladder-control depth (buoyancy)
Have operculum over gills
Good smell (olfactory) and eyesight
Ex: perch, bass, flounder