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Institute of Plastics and Circular Economy
CIRCULAR ECONOMY
ZUKUNFTSWEISENDE POLYMERWERKSTOFFEPIONEERING POLYMER MATERIALS
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef Endres
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 2 | 03 / 2020
Hans-Josef EndresBorn on 17th of April 1966, married, 2 daughters (25 and 20)
Educational background: Dipl.-Ing. graduate of the Ruhr University Bochum, 1985, mechanical engineering, strong focus on material research PhD (Dr.-Ing.) received from University of Bochum, 1995
Professional experience and activities:9 years of employment with industrial companies including a position as departmental director at Thyssen-Krupp, overseeing a staff of 230Professor at Hannover University of Applied Sciences & Arts, since 1999Director of the IfBB - Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites, 2011Head of Application Center for Wood Fiber and Composite Research, Fraunhofer Wilhelm-Klauditz-Institut WKI, 20122019 Professor at the Leibniz University of HanoverDirector of the IKK – Institute of Plastics and Circular Economy
Source: China Hopson
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 3 | 03 / 2020
Main Research
Material Development(plastics and bioplastics)
Plastics Processing
Recycling
MaterialTesting
PolymerAnalysis
SustainabilityAssessment
Institute ofPlastics and Circular Economy
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 4 | 03 / 2020
New Campus for Mechanical Engineering
- Located in Hanover Garbsen- 20 Institutes- About 1.000 employees- About 5.000 students
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 5 | 03 / 2020
Plastics as amazing and sustainable Materials
_
WeightCosts
VW Golf 1 VW Golf 6
Source: VW, Peter Helmke
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 6 | 03 / 2020
Plastics as amazing and sustainable Materials??
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 7 | 03 / 2020
End-of-Life of plastics?
Polymerproduction Processing Use End-of-LifeRaw material
production
?+++?
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 8 | 03 / 2020
78
52
70
4946
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
93 Aug 95 Aug 97 Sep 03 Aug 06 Jun 08 Mai 10 Sep 12 Juli 14 Juli 16 Nov 18 Dez
Entscheider breite Bevölkerung Junge GebildeteN=801 Broad Population, N=352 Young eduacated, N=355 Decision makers (in total 1.508)
Source: PlasticsEurope Germany 2019
Positive assessments in %
Broad Population Young eduacatedDecision makers
Assessment of the plastics industry
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 9 | 03 / 2020
What does Sustainability mean?
Sustainability
EcologicalEcological Sustainability
Sustainable Agriculture
Sustainable Materials
Functional Integration
Circular Economy
Compostability
Recycling
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 10 | 03 / 2020
Bioplastics
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 11 | 03 / 2020
Bioplastics
Non degradable
Petro-based
Bio-Degradable
Bio-based
Bio-degradable
1. Cellulose AcetatesRubber, Casein…
4.Polylactide,
Starch blends,Cellulose Hydrates,
Polyhydroxyalkanoate
2.Polyethylene
PolypropylenePolyvinylchloride
…
3.PolycaprolactonePolyvinyl alcoholPolyester (PBAT,
PBS,..)…
5.Bio-PA, Bio-PE
Bio-PET, PTT,…
Bio-degradable and bio-basedBio-based
Source: H.-J. Endres, A. Siebert-Raths;Engineering Biopolymers, Carl Hanser-Verlag, 2011
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 12 | 03 / 2020
Quelle: Currie, Lloyd A., modifiziert
• Carbon exists in form of 3 different isotopes: 12C, 13C (stabile) and 14C (radioactive)
• Half-Life time of 14C „only“ 5730 years
• Due to a continuous regeneration of 14C in atmosphere the 14C quota is nearly constant
• Photosynthesis similar relationship of C-isotopes in plants
• Bio-based Polymers similar relationshipof C-isotopes in biopolymers
• Petrochemical raw materials and plastics contain no „young“ 14C, they consist out of „old” 12C
How to measure Biobased
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 13 | 03 / 2020
Certification of biobased Contect(C14 Measurements, ASTM 6866)
Vincotte
DIN CERTCO
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 14 | 03 / 2020
CO2 + H2O + CH4
H2O Hydrolysis and
enzymatic degradation
Microorganism Metabolic degradation
O2
Primary Degradation Ultimate Degradation
CO2 + H2O + CH4
Primary and ultimate degradation
Biodegradability
Oligomers andMonomers
Source: H.-J. Endres et al., Engineering Biopolymers, Carl Hanser, modified
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 15 | 03 / 2020
Source: H.-J. Endres, , unpublished
DegradationScenarios
Landfill
IndustrialComposting
Metabolizationin organism
Anaerobic digestion
Domesticcomposting
Ocean
ClarificationPlant
Decompositionin soil
River/LakeBeach
Degradation Scenarios of Bioplastics
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 16 | 03 / 2020
Bioplastics
Old Economy New Economy
Rubber
Regenerated Cellulose
Cellulose Acetates
Linoleum
Novel Drop-Ins
PLAPHAPBSPBAT
Starch Blendsetc.
Bio-PETBio-PEBio-PA
Bio-PURBio-PP
etc.
Source: H.-J. Endres, unpublished
Old and New Economy Bioplastics
often biodegradable durabledurable
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 17 | 03 / 2020
Recyclates
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 18 | 03 / 2020
Mechanical or physo-chem. Rec.
Chemical Recycling
Aerobic / Anaerobic digestion
Re-Use
Processing End-of-LifeUse Rawmaterial
production
Polymer production
End of Life Options for Circular Economy
Sour
ce: S
pier
ling
et a
l. 20
18
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 19 | 03 / 2020
Machinery Manufacturers
Recyclers
MaterialSuppliers
Consumers
Waste CollectionSystems
Brand Owners
Converters
Circular Economy Players
Designer
CircularEconomy
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 20 | 03 / 2020
CircularEconomy
Waste Separation by
Consumer
Waste Collection,Waste Logistic
Development of Recycling Processes
Advanced Recycling Machines
Extension of Characterization
of Recyclates
Design for Recyclates
Internationalization of Terminology and
Definitions
Design for Recycling
Circular Thinking within the entire Value Added Chain
Supply chains for Recyclates
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 21 | 03 / 2020
What do we need? - Design for Recycling
Design for Recycling
Maximization ofProcessing and
Utilization Performance
(Product-)Design for Recyclates
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 22 | 03 / 2020
IKK – Semi-industrial Recycling Facilities
INTAREMA 1108 TVEplus
KraussMaffei Berstorff ZE28 x 37D BPT + ZE28 x 56D BPTKraussMaffei 160/750 CX DICMKraussMaffei IMC 650/4300 CXSpritzgusswerkzeuge
Analytics
ARBURG 920 S 2 K, ARBURG 470 A(2K-Wkzg, Freeformer 300-3X)
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 23 | 03 / 2020
Closing the Loops
Source: European Bioplastics, modified
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 24 | 03 / 2020
Bioplastics - End of Life Options?
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 25 | 03 / 2020
Source: H.-J. Endres, A. Siebert, A.-S. KitzlerBiopolymers – a discussion on end of life optionsBioplastics Magazine 01/08
Biopolymer product
Landfill
IndustrialComposting
Metabolizationin organism
Anaerobicdigestion
(Bio-methane)
Carbon-NeutralIncineration
Chemical Recycling
Domesticcomposting
Marinedegradation
Litter
Decompositionin soil
Mechanical Recyling
End of Life Options
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 26 | 03 / 2020
H.-J. Endres, A. Siebert-Raths, Engineering Biopolymers, Carl Hanser Verlag 2011
Waste treatment
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 27 | 03 / 2020
- Gravimetrische Analysen zum Kunststoffabbau werden durch Aufwüchse auf den Proben stark verfälscht
- Beispiel:
- Mittels CT können Proben zerstörungsfrei in 3D dargestellt werden- Dies ermöglicht es, den Aufwuchs aus der Analyse auszuschließen und
ausschließlich die volumetrische Abnahme des Kunststoffes zu erfassen
CT-Messmethodik zum marinen Abbau von Kunststoffen
Aufwuchs
CT-Aufnahme
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 28 | 03 / 2020
Transformation to biogas
Source: A.S. Kitzler, H.-J. Endres, M. Nelles, Fachtagung „Biokunststoffe in Verwertung und Recycling“, Dresden, 03. - 04. Dezember 2012
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 29 | 03 / 2020
Calorific values of different (bio)plastics
Source: H.-J. Endres, A. Siebert-Raths, Engineering Biopolymers, Carl Hanser Verlag 2011
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 30 | 03 / 2020
Sustainability
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 31 | 03 / 2020
Source: IfBB / PE INTERNATIONAL 2014
Tendencies of LCA Impact Categories of Bioplastics
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef Endres32 | Deparment of sustainability assessment | 02.03.2020|
Impact categories
Sour
ce: E
U 2
019
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef Endres33 | Deparment of sustainability assessment | 02.03.2020|
Impact categories
Sour
ce: E
U 2
019
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 34 | 03 / 2020
How can sustainability be measured?
+ +
Social
Social Life Cycle Assessment
Economic
Life Cycle Economics
Life Cycle Assessment
Environmental
LifeCycleSustainabilityAssessment
LCA SLCA LCELCSA =
Sour
ce: B
iNa
2018
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 35 | 03 / 2020
How can sustainability be measured?
Sour
ce: B
iNa
2018
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 36 | 03 / 2020
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Sour
ce: U
nite
d N
atio
ns20
20
© Leibniz Universität Hannover, IKK, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef EndresSeite 37 | 03 / 2020
Contact
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Josef Endres
Leibniz Universität Hannover (LUH)Institut für Kunststoff- und KreislauftechnikFakultät für MaschinenbauAn der Universität 230823 GarbsenTel.: +49 511 762 13302Fax: +49 511 762 18206Mobil: +49 170 4006109endres@ikk.uni-hannover.de
https://www.ikk.uni-hannover.de/