CIS 90 - Lesson 3

transcript

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Lesson Module Status• Slides - draft• Flash cards – started• properties –• page numbers - • No-stress quiz – done• Web Calendar summary – done • Web book pages - none• Commands – done• Welcome mailed -• Lab – done• Historical events mailed -

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Please close your books, turn off your monitor, take out a blank piece of paper and answer the following questions:

•How do you show your path?

•Name four directories where one can find commands?

•What is the command to print the manual page for a command?

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Objectives Agenda

• Learn how to use the UNIX communication tools write and mail.

• Overview on end-to-end email.

• Quiz

• Questions from last week

• Mini review

• Housekeeping

• Write

• Basic Mail

• More on Mail

• End-to-end email

• Other MUAs, MTAs, DA and AAs

• Wrap up

Electronic Mail

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Previous material and assignment

1. Questions on Labs or previous material?• Setting variables (term, ps1)• Inputs to a command

• via the command line• from the user• from the OS

• How work is divided up between shell and a command

2. Lab 2 due today• submit as many times as you wish up to midnight

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Lab 1 Results

1) On Opus, what was the prompt string? /home/cis90/guest $ x

2) What does the history command do? shows previous commands

3) On Opus, what was your uid (user id) number? xxx503

4) On Opus, what was the name of the shell program being run? xxbash

5) What terminal device did you use to access Opus? xxxxx x/dev/pts/2 (this varies)

6) On any of the Frodo virtual terminals, what does the hostname command show? xxxxx xxxxx xfrodo

7) What command shows the other users that are logged in? who

8) What command shows you the name of the computer you are interacting with? xxxxx xxxxxhostname

9) On Frodo, what three keys must be pressed locally to use terminal tty2? xxctrl+alt+f2

10) On Frodo, if you log off one session, do you get logged off all the other sessions? no

11) On Frodo, is your command history the same for all login sessions? xxxxxno

12) What command logs you off? exit

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Review

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Opus (a RHEL server)

A. We access the Windows PC via its keyboard and monitor. It is running the Windows OS (the XP version)

B. From the PC we use Putty to access the Opus server, which runs the GNU/Linux OS (Red Hat Enterprise Linux distribution)

C. On the PC we use the VMware Server Console to access the Frodo VM, which runs the GNU/Linux OS (Ubuntu distribution)

D. From Frodo VM, we SSH to access Opus (different session than B)

What the heck are were we doing in Lab 1?

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Putty to rsimms@opus.cabrillo.edu vs just opus.cabrillo.edu

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

ssh to rsimms@opus.cabrillo.edu vs just opus.cabrillo.edu

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

1) Prompt

2) Parse

3) Search

4) Execute

5) Nap

6) Repeat

Life of the Shell

Kernel

ApplicationsSystem

Commands

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Command Syntax

Command Options Arguments Redirection

[root@opus ~]# hostnameopus.cabrillo.edu

[root@opus ~]# hostname -i127.0.0.1

[root@opus ~]# hostname -sopus

KeyboardAdditional data command needs from user. E.g. passwords, math expressions, …

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Commands are Programs

Program(a file on drive)

read writeconsole

keyboard(default)

consolescreen

(default)

consolescreen

(default)

stderrstdin

stdout

Operating System

Information available only from the OS. E.g. files, directories, date & time, process info, user info, tty info etc.

Command line (parsed by shell):Options: …Args: …

Loads into RAM

Commands get input from:A.Command lineB.KeyboardC.Operating System

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Example program to process: ls command

directory contentsant Blake nursery Shakespeare twister Yeats (This file information comes from the kernel)

/home/cis90/simmsben/Poems $ tty/dev/pts/1/home/cis90/simmsben/Poems $ lsant Blake nursery Shakespeare twister Yeats/home/cis90/simmsben/Poems $

ant Blake nursery Shakespeare twister Yeats

/dev/pts/1

/dev/pts/1/dev/pts/1

stderrstdin

stdout

Options: NAArgs: NA

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Example program to process: bc command

2+24/0

[rsimms@nosmo ~]$ tty/dev/pts/1[rsimms@nosmo ~]$ bc 2> errors<snipped>2+244/0quit[rsimms@nosmo ~]$ cat errorsRuntime error (func=(main), adr=5): Divide by zero

Runtime error (func=(main), adr=5):

Divide by zero

/home/rsimms/errors

/dev/pts/1

stderrstdin

stdout

Options: NAArgs: NA

Note: BC is an interactive command and requires user input via stdin 14

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Environment VariablesNames and Values

$ echo $LOGNAMEsimmsben

$ echo HOMEHOME

$ echo $HOME/home/cis90/simmsben

$ echo $SHELL/bin/bash

$ echo $HOSTNAMEopus.cabrillo.edu

Use $ for the “value” of a variable

Analogy: Each variable is a named location. The contents of any location is the “value” of that variable.

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Variable Names and ValuesAnalogy: knobs and settings

$ echo FANFAN$ echo $FAN

$ FAN=HI$ echo $FANHI$ echo "The fan is set to: " $FANThe fan is set to: HI$ FAN=LO$ echo "The fan is set to: " $FANThe fan is set to: LO

CIS 90 - Lesson 2

Passwords

Delete john.pot, john.log, john.rec …. ./john shadow17

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Housekeeping

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

• Roll call

CIS 90 - Lesson 1

CIS 90 - SignaturesThe TBA (3 hours and 10 minutes) portion of the is course is required

Student signatures here

Michael George Daniel Black

CIS 90 - Lesson 1

Student Survey

Joshua Keever Daniel Black Jaime Cervantes

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Lord of the Rings Character Code Names

Your code names are now available

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Graded Work

Graded work is copied to your home directories:

[rsimms@opus ~]$ ls /home/cis90/tumajanand Hidden letter proposal1 spellk tumabigfile lab01.graded Miscellaneous proposal2 text.err what_am_ibin Lab2.0 mission proposal3 text.fxd yourlastnameempty Lab2.1 Poems small_town timecal[rsimms@opus ~]$

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Forum Registration

To Register:

1. Click on Register link2. Agree to terms

3. For your Username to be accepted it must be:

• your full first and last name separated by a space e.g. Rich Simms

• match a name on the class roster

Daniel Black Joshua Keever Craig Langlo Gabriel Pantoja Joe Ferrante Jaime Cervantes

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Using the Forum

• Use email to report typos or anything of a personal nature.

• Use the forum for EVERYTHING else.

• Usually if I get questions emailed to me that may be of interest to other students I'll ask you to post on the forum instead.

• Short, concise one topic posts are best. If you have a list of unrelated questions it is better to separate into single topic posts.

• Pick a subject line that summarizes your topic. This makes it easier to search for topics later.

• For trouble-shooting questions please include information so others can duplicate the problem you are having.

25Next week is 1st 5 post deadline

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Using the Forum

Demonstrate - formatting, smilies, avatars, search, practice forum, members, etc.

Next week is 1st 5 post deadline

Demonstration

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Extra Credit

Link to Extra Credit page is on the Grades page

Note the caps on extra credit.

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Extra Credit Howtos

Internships

• Last week we met with local businesses.

• Topic: paid and unpaid internships for Cabrillo CIS/CS students.

• Cabrillo has resources for writing resumes, interviewing, job etiquette, etc. See: http://cabrillo.edu/services/jobs

Jobs mailing list: Subscribe by emailing (no subject or body):• networkers-subscribe@cabrillo.edu

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

WriteCommand

write commandsend a message to another user

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

write username [ttyname]

• Use ttyname if there are multiple logins by same username

• The receiver gets:

Message from yourname@yourhost on yourtty at hh:mm …

• Each line you type gets sent to the other user.

• To end sending messages type Ctrl-D (Ctrl and D keys at the same time)

• The receiver will see an EOF (end of file) at the end.

• If the receiver wants to reply then they need to use write command as well.

write commandsend a message to another user

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Ctrl-D

Note, the pts/4 is not needed if there is only one login by the username the message is being sent to

write commandBeji chats with Mary using write commands

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

simmsben

simmsmar

5 (a convention, "o" used for over)5 (a convention, "o" used for over)

881010

12121313

15151717

1919 (Ctrl-D) 21(Ctrl-D) 21

11111414

1616 (Ctrl-D) 17(Ctrl-D) 17

20202222

Use Ctrl-D to stop writing. Ctrl-D is EOF (End of File) and is slightly more friendly than Ctrl-C

mesg commandenable or disable writes to your terminal

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

simmsben

simmsmar

Use n to disable or y to enable

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Class Exercisewrite and mesg

• Logon to Opus

• Type ls /home/cis90 to see all student usernames

• Introduce yourself to the other students at your table and do a back and forth test using the write command.

• Use mesg command to enable and disable.

• Start collecting each other's usernames to use for Lab 3

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

MailCommand

UNIX mailSending messages

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

simmsben

richsimms@yahoo.com simmsmar

Use . or Ctrl-D to end the message

Intended recipients

The first prompt is "Subject: ", you enter the subject, then enter the message. The last prompt is "Cc: ". After hitting Enter the message is sent

Benji sends an email to Rich and Mary

Tip: cc yourself to save a copy of messages sent

UNIX MailReading messages

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

simmsmar

The & is the mail prompt.

Enter a 1 to read message 1

One message is in the header list (in tray), "N" means New, "1" is the message number

Mary reads email from Benji

UNIX mailReading messages sent from UNIX mail

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

richsimms@yahoo.com39

Rich reads email from Benji

UNIX MailReplying to messages

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

simmsmar

Enter an r to "reply to all" for the last message read

Mary replies to email from Benji

UNIX MailBenji gets the reply from Mary

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Entering just the message number or a "p" followed by the message number are equivalent. The p is the mail print command.

simmsben

Benji reads reply from Mary

UNIX Mail

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

richsimms@yahoo.com 42

Rich reads reply from Mary

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Class ExerciseUNIX mail

• Logon to Opus

• Work with the other students at your table

• Send an email to one other student

• Send an email to all students at your table and cc: yourself

• Reply to the messages you receive

• Start collecting each other's student usernames to use in Lab 3

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

More on Mail

Command44

mail commandread and write modes

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Read mode:

• mail (to read new messages)

• mail –f (to read saved messages in mbox)

• mail –f myfile (to read saved messages in myfile)

Write mode:

• mail simmsben

• mail simmsben simmsmar richsimms@yahoo.com

mail commandread mode sub commands

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

You are in read mode when you invoke mail with no arguments•? print these commands•p <message list> print messages•n goto and print next message•e <message list> edit messages•d <message list> delete messages•s <message list> file save (append) messages to file•u <message list> undelete messages•R <message list> reply to sender(s)•r <message list> reply to all•m <user list> mail to specific users•q quit, saving read messages to local mbox file•x quit, mark all mail as unread and undeleted.•h print out active message headers

A <message list> consists of integers, ranges of same, or user names separatedby spaces. If omitted, Mail uses the current message

A <user list> consists of user names separated by spaces.

mail command(h)header sub-command

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

h (print headers – e.g. list my in tray)

message numbers

N = New, message is unread

> points to the current message (last one printed)

mail command(p)rint sub-command

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

print all messages from simmsmar

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

print message 5, note that commands can be abbreviated to a single letter

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

print messages 4 -5

mail commande(x)it sub-command

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

x will quit mail. All messages revert back to their original state (unread and undeleted). When you return to mail again all the messages will still be there.

mail command(q)uit sub-command

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

q will quit mail. All read messages are moved to a local file named mbox. When you return to mail again those message will not appear. To read your old messages you must specify the mbox file with the –f option.

mail commandVarious mailbox files

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

system mail box/var/mail/username

(new mail arrives here and read messages are deleted on quit)

local mail boxmbox

(read messages go here on quit)

local mail boxyourfile

(messages can go here with save)

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

[rsimms@opus ~]$ mailMail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help."/var/spool/mail/rsimms": 6 messages 6 new>N 1 jimg@opus.cabrillo.e Sun Jun 22 13:53 21/826 "Hot days and servers" N 2 simmsben@opus.cabril Thu Jul 24 12:27 16/697 "Nisene Hike" N 3 simmsmar@opus.cabril Thu Jul 24 12:28 18/728 "Don't forget to bring" N 4 simmsben@opus.cabril Thu Jul 24 12:29 17/696 "Bone lost" N 5 rsimms@opus.cabrillo Thu Jul 24 12:33 20/808 "Re: Hot days and serv" N 6 roddyduk@opus.cabril Thu Jul 24 15:41 18/691 "Salsa"& p 3-4Message 3:From simmsmar@opus.cabrillo.edu Thu Jul 24 12:28:38 2008Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2008 12:28:38 -0700From: Mary Simms <simmsmar@opus.cabrillo.edu>To: rsimms@opus.cabrillo.eduSubject: Don't forget to bring pen drive

I need to use it again to back up some files and practice partitioning.ThanksMary

Message 4:From simmsben@opus.cabrillo.edu Thu Jul 24 12:29:27 2008Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2008 12:29:27 -0700From: Benji Simms <simmsben@opus.cabrillo.edu>To: rsimms@opus.cabrillo.eduSubject: Bone lost

Did you see that old bone I was chewing? I can't find it anywhere!- Ben

mail commandVarious mail boxes example

Print 2 messages

mail commandVarious mail boxes example

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

& s 4 bone"bone" [New file]& h N 1 jimg@opus.cabrillo.e Sun Jun 22 13:53 21/826 "Hot days and servers" N 2 simmsben@opus.cabril Thu Jul 24 12:27 16/697 "Nisene Hike" 3 simmsmar@opus.cabril Thu Jul 24 12:28 18/728 "Don't forget to bring">* 4 simmsben@opus.cabril Thu Jul 24 12:29 17/696 "Bone lost" N 5 rsimms@opus.cabrillo Thu Jul 24 12:33 20/808 "Re: Hot days and serv" N 6 roddyduk@opus.cabril Thu Jul 24 15:41 18/691 "Salsa"& qSaved 1 message in mboxHeld 4 messages in /var/spool/mail/rsimms[rsimms@opus ~]$ mailMail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help."/var/spool/mail/rsimms": 4 messages 4 unread>U 1 jimg@opus.cabrillo.e Sun Jun 22 13:53 22/836 "Hot days and servers" U 2 simmsben@opus.cabril Thu Jul 24 12:27 17/707 "Nisene Hike" U 3 rsimms@opus.cabrillo Thu Jul 24 12:33 21/818 "Re: Hot days and serv" U 4 roddyduk@opus.cabril Thu Jul 24 15:41 19/701 "Salsa"& qHeld 4 messages in /var/spool/mail/rsimms[rsimms@opus ~]$ mail -f mboxMail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help."mbox": 1 message> 1 simmsmar@opus.cabril Thu Jul 24 12:28 19/739 "Don't forget to bring"& q[rsimms@opus ~]$ mail -f boneMail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help."bone": 1 message 1 new> 1 simmsben@opus.cabril Thu Jul 24 12:29 18/706 "Bone lost"& q"bone" complete[rsimms@opus ~]$

save message 4 in bone

messages 3 and 4 are read. 4 is saved (*)

mail command(d)elete and (u)ndelete

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

mail commandCopying messages from mbox back to system mail box

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

mail commandForwarding a message with ~m

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

This is how you forward message 5

mail commandThe mail boxes are all ascii text

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

/home/cis90/simmsben $ cat /var/mail/simmsbenFrom millehom@opus.cabrillo.edu Thu Jul 24 16:26:56 2008Return-Path: <millehom@opus.cabrillo.edu>Received: from opus.cabrillo.edu (opus [127.0.0.1]) by opus.cabrillo.edu (8.13.8/8.13.8) with ESMTP id m6ONQuBk016775 for <simmsben@opus.cabrillo.edu>; Thu, 24 Jul 2008 16:26:56 -0700Received: (from millehom@localhost) by opus.cabrillo.edu (8.13.8/8.13.8/Submit) id m6ONQuqw016774 for simmsben; Thu, 24 Jul 2008 16:26:56 -0700Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2008 16:26:56 -0700From: Homer Miller <millehom@opus.cabrillo.edu>Message-Id: <200807242326.m6ONQuqw016774@opus.cabrillo.edu>To: simmsben@opus.cabrillo.eduSubject: RC4 review

Meeting at 4:00 today in Big Sur room. Looks like we have 2 showstoppers and need to rebuild tonight.

/home/cis90/simmsben $ mailMail version 8.1 6/6/93. Type ? for help."/var/spool/mail/simmsben": 1 message 1 new>N 1 millehom@opus.cabril Thu Jul 24 16:26 18/741 "RC4 review"& 1Message 1:From millehom@opus.cabrillo.edu Thu Jul 24 16:26:56 2008Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2008 16:26:56 -0700From: Homer Miller <millehom@opus.cabrillo.edu>To: simmsben@opus.cabrillo.eduSubject: RC4 review

Meeting at 4:00 today in Big Sur room. Looks like we have 2 showstoppers and need to rebuild tonight.

Homer 59

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Class ExerciseUNIX mail

• Ask your neighbor for some email if you need some more messages

• Save a couple of messages to a file named in2008

• Forward a message to one of your classmates

• Send a message to yourself

• Delete and undelete some messages

• Experiment with q (quit) and x (exit) to see how read messages are handled

• Use mail with –f option to read mbox and in2008 mailbox files

• Check out your mail boxes with file and cat commands

• Your system message store: /var/mail/username

• Your archived message: mbox

• The file you saved messages to: in2008

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

end-to-endemail

end-to-end email

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

compose and send message open and read message62

end-to-end email

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

compose and send message open and read message

MTAMail

TransportAgent

MTAMail

TransportAgent

MUAMailUser

DADeliveryAgent

MessageStore

AAAccessAgent

end-to-end email: example Implementation

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

compose and send message open and read message

MTAsendmail

MUA/bin/mail

MUAYahooMail

DAprocmail

MessageStore

/var/mail/rsimms

AAspop

SMTPSimple

MailTransportProtocol

SMTPSimple

POPPost

OfficeProtocol

end-to-end email: configuring your MUA (Mail User Agent)

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

MTAMail

TransportAgent

DADeliveryAgent

MessageStore

AAAccessAgent

This is why you get asked for the SMTP server and the POP3/IMAP server when you set up email on your PC. Your MUA needs to know this to send and receive messages.

SMTPSimple

POPPost

OfficeProtocol

MTAMail

TransportAgent

Example MUA: Windows Mail (on Vista)

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Other MUAsMTAs, DAs,

end-to-end email some of the many players

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

sendmail, Exim, Microsoft Exchange Server, Postfix

/bin/mail, procmail, smrsh

imapd, spop

/bin/mail, pine, elm, Outlook, Eudora, Thunderbird, Evolution

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Wrap up

CIS 191 - Lesson 3

New commands:mail - UNIX mail

? print these commandsp <message list> print messagesn goto and print next messagee <message list> edit messagesd <message list> delete messagess <message list> file save (append) messages to fileu <message list> undelete messagesR <message list> reply to sender(s)r <message list> reply to allm <user list> mail to specific usersq quit, saving read messages to local mbox filex quit, mark all mail as unread and undeleted.h print out active message headers

mesg - Enable or disable writes to your terminalwrite - Write message to another user

New Files and Directories:/var/mail - Message store for mail/var/mail/username - Incoming mailbox for usernamembox - File in users home directory where read messages

are archived to

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Next Class

Assignment: Check Calendar Page on web site to see what is due next week.

Quiz questions for next class:

•What command can you use to "chat" with another user?

•How do you forward a message with /bin/mail?

•With /bin/mail, where do all messages that have been read go after using the quit command?

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Backup

CIS 90 - Lesson 3

Documents