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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
WiMAX
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Cisco Broadband Wireless Architecture
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Devices and services for converged
business and consumer
applications
Subscriber Devices and
Services
Cisco Broadband WirelessCisco’s End-to-End Broadband Wireless Architecture Is Divided into the Following Essential Elements
Mobile WiMAXand WiFi Mesh
access for licensed and unlicensed
deployments
Broadband Wireless Access
Carrier Ethernet
Control, optimization, and management for IP services and
applications
Service Exchange
Framework
Carrier-class infrastructure for
network and service
convergence
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Basics
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
What Is WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
More info: www.wimaxforum.org
“Standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL”.
IEEE 802.16Fixed WiMAX (802.16-2004 a.k.a 802.16d)
No handoff between Base Stations
Mobile WiMAX (802.16e-2005 a.k.a 802.16e)
Can be used to deliver both fixed and mobile services
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
WiMAX Basics
Physical Layer: Scalable OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)Unlike CSMA, OFDM does not have contention and collisionsThe minimum time-frequency resource allocated per user is called a slotEach slot consists of one subchannel over one, two, or three OFDM symbolsA contiguous series of slots assigned to a given user is called the user’s data regionThe scheduler allocates data regions to users based on demand, QoS requirements, and channel conditions
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
WiMAX End to End Reference Model
R1: 802.16e (MSS-ASN)
R2: MSS – CSN
R3: ASN GW – HA
R4: Inter-ASN
R5: CSN-CSN
R6: BS - ASNGW
R8: Inter BS
MSS – Mobile Subscriber Station
NAP – Network Access Provider
NSP – Network Service Provider
ASN
MSS
CSN
R2
R3
AnotherASN
R4 V-NSP
NAP
ASN
R1ASNGW
BS
BS
R6
HAR8
CSN
H-NSP
R5 HA
AAA AAA
DHCPDNS
DHCPDNS
ACCESS SERVICE NETWORK (ASN)Access gateway (ASN GW) – provides the micro-mobility anchor point and supports bearer services. Also supports the Foreign Agent.Base station (BS) – provides the radio dependent functions and has limited IP functionality
CORE SERVICES NETWORK (CSN)Home agent (HA) – provides the macro-mobility anchor point and supports bearer services, if roaming/mobility is desired. Other Network Elements such as AAA, DHCP servers and more are also in the CSN.
ASP NetworkOr Internet
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
WiMAX ProfilesSummary
Profile A: Central radio resource management in ASN-GW approachProfile B: Closed interfaces favor radio network (BS) vendorsProfile C: Open interfaces with separation between radio and network functionality favors Cisco
PHY and partly MAC in BTSHandover-Control (RRM) in ASNGWRouting and AAA/Paging in ASN-GW
BSBSBS
ASNASN-GW
[BSC]
A
All radio-specific functions in BSHandover-Control (RRM) in BSRouting and AAA/Paging in ASN-GW
ASNGW
BSBSBS
ASNCBSBSBS
Most ASN functions in BSBS anchored by standard router Inter-BS control over Ethernet
B ASN
unspecifieddecomposition
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
WiMAX QoS and Scheduling SchemesSpecifications and Applications…
Service Flows:Mechanism defined in Mobile WiMAX to provide QoS
Uni-directional flow of packets associated with certain defined QoS parameters for traffic
Packet Classifiers:Each service flow also has packet classifiers associated with it to determine criteria used by the MAC layer to associate packets into service flows
Mobile WiMAX scheduling based on QoS service Flows associated with each packet
QoS Category Applications QoS Specifications
UGSUnsolicited Grant
Service
VoIP • Maximum Sustained Rate
• Maximum Latency• Jitter Tolerance
rtVRReal-Time Variable
Rate Service
Streaming Audio or Video
• Minimum Reserved Rate
• Maximum Sustained Rate
• Maximum Latency• Traffic Priority
ErtVRExtended Real-Time
Variable Rate Service
Voice with Activity Detection (VoIP)
• Minimum Reserved Rate
• Maximum Sustained Rate
• Maximum Latency• Jitter Tolerance• Traffic Priority
nrtVRNon-Real-Time Variable Rate
Service
FTPFile Transfer Protocol
• Minimum Reserved Rate
• Maximum Sustained Rate
• Traffic Priority
BEBest-Effort Service
Data, Web Browsing, etc.
• Maximum Sustained Rate
• Traffic Priority
*Not all of these QoS Categories are supported by Cisco Base station
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Cisco’s WiMAXPortfolio
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Cisco Broadband Wireless AccessMobile WiMAX Networking
WiMAX 802.16e-2005 certifiableIndustry-leading RF Link-BudgetFirst Mobile WiMAX with Adaptive Beamforming; Advanced Antenna Systems (AAS)Combines Beamforming+MIMOfor capacity & class-leading performance
BWX 8305 8-element array provides 120° sector coverage with Beamforming & MIMOBWX 2305 2-element antenna provides in-fill coverage with MIMO & diversity
BWX 8305 / 2305 Mobile WiMAXBasestations
BWX 8305 / 2305 Mobile WiMAX Antennas
Cisco BWX 8300 Series Broadband Wireless Access System
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Typical BaseStation Configuration120-Degree Sectors
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
External GPS Unit (EGU)
EGU
GPSAntenna
Lightningarrestor
coaxial cables with 90º BNC connectors
N-typeCoaxcable
N-typeCoaxcable
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Integrated Services Routers
(800 through 3800 Series)
Linksys SPA8000 Phone Adapter
Small / Medium Business Access
Residential Access
Linksys WRP400 Triple-Play Router
Linksys SPA2102 Phone Adapter
Integrated Integrated Services Services RouterRouter
WiMAX ModemIntegrated Beam
forming and MIMO
Customer Premise Equipment
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Beamforming Uses Antenna Array and Signal Processing Techniques to Maximize Signal Strength for Subscriber Devices
+18 dB
+9 dB
No Beamforming
Cisco’s Beamforming Implementation
Sector Antenna
Cisco 8-Element 120°Beamforming Array
0 dB
Cisco Broadband Wireless AccessMobile WiMAX Beamforming Innovation
Energy is dispersed across an entire 90° or 120° sectorGain decreases quickly with distance, degrading performanceLimited coverage. Cells must be tightly spaced for good performanceInter-cell interference adversely affects frequency reuse
Array is recalibrated every 5ms, energy is focused at individual subscribersGain (64x) remains high over long distances, improving performanceExpanded Coverage. Cells can be widely spaced while providing good performanceInter-cell interference is minimized, allowing maximum frequency reuse
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Adaptive Beamforming Using Many Antenna Elements—A Cisco Leadership Technology—Is Most EffectiveSwitched Lobe Beamforming Adaptive Beamforming
Multiple directionalsub-sector antennasFixed, static lobesLobe selected based on received signal strength
4-element dynamic phased antenna arrayFixed, static beamsSingle beam selected based on angle of arrivalMultipath inhibits beam selection
8-element dynamic phased antenna arrayInfinite, dynamic beamsNew beams calculated every 5ms based on angle of arrival, phase, and signal strength for each userMultipath leveraged for optimum performance
Inefficient, Inflexible, Low Gain
Poor Multipath Performance, Moderate Gain
High Gain, Maximum Coverage, Excellent
Multipath Performance
Cisco Broadband Wireless AccessBeamforming Alternatives Explained
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Single-Input Single-OutputSingle antennas at both base station and subscriber deviceUsed in WiMAX Wave 1 deployments
TT RR
TT RR
TT RR
S2 S1
MIMO Matrix-A (Space Time Coding) Symbols are sent redundantly in both space and timeStreams are reconstructed using intact symbols at the receiverIncreases link reliability and fading margins (+3 dB)
MIMO Matrix-B (Spatial Multiplexing)Symbols are divided and multiplexed in spaceMultipath must exist to prevent signals from becoming coherent and therefore indistinguishable at the receiverIncreases throughput for stationary subscriber devices
S2
S1
TT RR
TT RR
S1S3
S4
MIMO Antenna Systems Enable Techniques that Improve Received Power Levels, Path Reliability, and Path Performance
S2
Cisco Broadband Wireless AccessMobile WiMAX MIMO Explained
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Cisco Broadband WirelessASN Gateway Services
Enables open Mobile WiMAX ASN architectures for maximum design & deployment flexibilityBuilt on the Cisco 7600 Series – the carrier-class converged services platform providing access to thousands of IOS featuresThe most powerful ASN-GW platform available –scalable from 5 to 45 GbpsMPLS and IPSec VPNs enables secure residential and business services over a common infrastructurePart of the Cisco Service Exchange Framework, enabling precise control over each subscriber’s quality of experience
Performance, scalability, and sophisticated features ensure maximum value for service providers
Cisco Broadband Wireless Gateway (BWG)—A High Performance Open Profile-C ASN Gateway for Mobile WiMAX Access
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
WiMAX Service Offerings
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Wholesale Services
Residential Services Business Services
WiMAX Services
Internet AccessParental ControlResidential VoiceWalled Garden
Managed Voice
L2 VPN
L3 VPN (MPLS)
Internet access
Internet Access
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Split Services Architecture
Business Services (Ethernet and MPLS Services)Centralized Control Plane FunctionDistributed bearer enables transport efficiency
Layer-2 switched locally at base station, or in Carrier Ethernet across bridge domainsLayer-3 controlled centrally, switching/routing inCarrier Ethernet
Traffic carried as Ethernet packets
Residential ServicesCentralized Control and Data Plane FunctionEnables control of subscriber traffic and servicesEnable Tiered Services and Flexible MeteringSimplifies the transport network designScales Ethernet based transport network
Enables flexible deployment, tight service control, and transport efficiency
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Business Deployment TopologyASN CONNECTIVITY SERVICE NETWORK
P
PDistribution
P
PP P
CPE
ISP
Residential
Residential
BusinessCorporate
BRAS
PE
Voice
1:1 VLAN to MPLS VPN
RGMPLS (Corporate VPN)
EoMPLS or VPLS
1:1 VLAN to L2 VPNEoMPLS or VPLS
N:1 VLAN (bundled) to L2 VPN
PBX
Aggregation
Access
EoMPLS
EoMPLS
EoMPLS
BTS
BTS
BWG
BWG
BWG
BWG
BWGR6 CTL to BWG
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Residential Deployment TopologyASN CONNECTIVITY SERVICE NETWORK
P
PDistribution
P
PP P
CPE
ISP
Residential
Residential
BusinessCorporate
BRAS
PE
Voice
RG
Internet VPN
Aggregation
Access
R6 GRE
RG
ISG
ISG
ISG
Internet VPNR6 GRE
Voice VPN
BTS
BTS
BWG
BWG
BWG
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Service Exchange Framework
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Devices and services for converged
business and consumer
applications
Subscriber Devices and
Services
Cisco Broadband WirelessCisco’s End-to-End Broadband Wireless Architecture Is Divided into the Following Essential Elements
Mobile WiMAXand WiFi Mesh
access for licensed and unlicensed
deployments
Broadband Wireless Access
Carrier Ethernet
Control, optimization, and management for IP services and
applications
Service Exchange
Framework
Carrier-class infrastructure for
network and service
convergence
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Provides the Information Service Providers Need to Guide And Measure Each Subscriber’s Experience
Who?Who? Where?Where?
How?How?What?What?
Who is the user?Subscriber identification
Device identificationSubscriber and Device Profiles
Presence and availability
Where can the user go?Track devices across carriers
Maintain sessions across networksProvide service consistency
What can the user do?Within what timeframes
To what networksTo what services
Under what conditions or restrictions
How are resources allocated? Network interworkingRich media control
Service awareness and controlPer-service, per-subscriber charging
Service Exchange
Framework
Service Exchange Framework
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
The Intelligent Services Gateway Coordinates Policy Management and Service Control For Consumer Services
Service Exchange Framework enables a personalizedsubscriber experience
Service Control
Identity Tracking
Service Management
Operations Integration
IdentityIdentityBillingBillingDHCPDHCPRadiusRadiusOSS/BSSOSS/BSS
Network Operations and Provisioning
ISG
Intelligent Services Gateway (ISG)
Tracks subscriber identity to enable personalized services
Applies and distributes policies for tiered service delivery
Enables low-touch, no-touch, and self-service subscriber provisioning
Mediates access to 3rd-party application partners to maximize service innovation and revenue
Enables monetization of any service—internal, blended, or over-the-top
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
ISG Layered Policy Control and EnforcementKey to Scalable Session Control
Data
Identification/Classification
(ACL)
Flow Feature NetworkService
(route/forward)
Policy EnforcementPoint (PEP)
ISG Network Element Services
(Access/Aggregation)
Central Services(Application &
Policy)Multiple Layers
through ISP SP etc.
Con
trol
plan
eP
olic
ypl
aneEnhanced
Scalability of Policy Signaling
and Control;DistributedProcessing
EnhancedScalability of
Policy Signaling and Control;DistributedProcessing Event
Event
EventBusiness Policy
Decisions: Centralized
Business Policy Decisions:
Centralized
Signaling/Network Policy Decisions:
Distributed
Signaling/Network Policy Decisions:
Distributed
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
BandwidthManagement
Identity Address MgmtPortal Subscriber DatabaseMonitoring Policy Definition
Billing
OSS
SCE
Portal
Policy
Usage Analysis InternetService Creation
-Enable better network management and capacity planning-Uncover service and revenue opportunities
- Improve customer experience- Manage network OPEX/CAPEX
- Market tuned service-plans (power-users, gamers, family-friendly)
OSS
Service Control (SCE)Application Layer Visibility and Control
Internet
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Conclusion
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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31BRKAGG-2017Presentation_ID
Access Agnostic Backend
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Deliver Services
Deploy Networks
Accelerate Demand
Optimize Business
For faster ROI, increased SP
revenue
For higher growth and faster time to
market
For increased relevance and
retention
To decrease capital and operational
expenses
SummaryCisco Broadband Wireless Enables the Connected Life, and Service Provider Success by Helping Them
Using an end-to-end service-enabled IP NGN architecture
Using easily deployed broadband
wireless networks
By delivering data, voice, and video
services – at home, at work, on the move
Using Carrier Ethernet and
Service Exchange Framework