Post on 13-Apr-2018
transcript
Cisco IP RAN Architecture
Peter Gaspar (pegaspar@cisco.com)
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1
Agenda
• RAN Requirementsq
• All-IP RAN Designs
• Legacy RAN over IPLegacy RAN over IP
• Cisco Carrier Ethernet Architecture
• Summary• Summary
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RAN RequirementsRAN Requirements
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Driving New Challenges for SPs
MobileInternet
man
ce BroadbandMobile
Voice Traffic Dominates Traffic
Perf
orm
TDM I f t t
IP InsertionVoice and
DataRevenue
usin
ess Infrastructure
Users/SessionsB
Mobile Internet Dominates
Users/Sessions
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Mobile Access Evolution and IP Infrastructure Impact
Radio evolution pathRadio evolution path
LTE: 100 Mbit/s DL
HSUPA: 5.8 Mbit/s UL
50 Mbit/s UL
WCDMA R99: 384 kbit/s
HSDPA: 14.4 Mbit/s DL
GPRS: 160 kbit/s
EDGE: 384 kbit/s
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
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3xE1 5xE1 8xE1 ???xE1
Some calculations
• 1GB quota = 7.5kbps in busy hour per user (10% of traffic in busy hour)
• 10GB = 75kbps in busy hour per user
• 200 users per NodeB – 15Mbps sustain throughput200 users per NodeB 15Mbps sustain throughput
• 7 NodeBs – Gigabit Ethernet needed (more than 100 Mbps)
• 75 NodeBs 10GE needed (more than 1 Gbps)
• Busy eNodeBs can generate up to 40 Gbps
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What is next – Release 6,7,8What is next Release 6,7,8
GGSN SAE GW
CSN GW
AccessGW
SGSN
GW
MME
GW
ASN GW
GW
ServingRNC
IP
IP
Serving RNC
D ift
Layer 3
IP IP IP IP
Drift RNC
Node B
EnhancedNode B Base
StationBaseStation
Today Direct I-HSPA+ SAE/LTE WIMAX EV-DO
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Today Direct tunnel Direct tunnel
S / ORevC
3GPP/WCDMA Evolution
LTE/System Architecture EvolutionyS1-c Base Station to MME interfaceMulti homed to multiple MME poolsMulti-homed to multiple MME poolsSCTP/IP based
S11 MME to SAE GWGTP c Version 2GTP-c Version 2
X2 inter base station interfaceSCTP/IP Signalling
SAE GW to PDN GWGTP or PMIP based macro mobility
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GTP tunneling following handover S1-u Base Station to SAE GW
GTP-u base micro mobility
Future RequirementsBackhaul Security
1. IPsec ESP using IKEv2 MMEgcertificate based authentication
2. Tunnel mode IPsec being mandatory and transport
Xu
MMES1-MME
mandatory and transport mode being optionalLikely that transport mode used to protect X2 *reduced overhead and low traffic) 1
Security Layer 1
SAE GW
X2
and low traffic)
3. SeGW used to offload EPC and allow IPSec scaling
4 Protection optional on S1
Security Layer 2
SAE GW
4. Protection optional on S1-MME and S1-U
5. Port based authentication on cell site demarcation
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LTE RAN Requirements
• Any-to-any connectivity
• Low delay needed between eNodeBs (handover)
• Security concepts may varyy p y y
• MME may need to be distributed (messages count, delay etc.), depends on applications, not that much on
bilitmobility
• Multicast for MBMS
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Edge DistributionProblem DefinitionProblem Definition
• Enormous increase in mobile data
• Need for more cost efficient networks
• Video Content Delivery Networksy
• Increasing peer-to-peer traffic•IMS
•File sharing
•Internet applications (Skype)
•Machine-to-machine
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Edge Distribution (Peer-to-peer)
RNC SGSN
Eliminate long runs for peer-to-peer trafficAllow offload of Internet traffic to cheaper transports
Node B
IP RAN (GTP)
IPGGSNNode B
RNC SGSN
IP RAN (GTP)Node B
Node B Core IPGGSN
Some GGSN features
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For HSPA needs Direct Tunnel supportLTE model is similar
Lowcost Internetcan even be distributed to cell-site router
Edge Distribution (Content Networks)
RNC SGSN
Eliminate repeating video traffic in the transport network
Node B
IP RAN (GTP)
IP
Content
GGSN
Content Engine
RNC SGSN
IP RAN (GTP)
Node B
IP
Content
GGSN
Root
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Engine Content Engine
For HSPA needs Direct Tunnel supportLTE model is similar
Characteristics of the future RAN
• Increasing trafficE d t d IP h• End-to-end IP approach
• Components with Ethernet interfacesDi t ti b t N d B d th A• Direct connection between NodeB and the Access Gateway (Direct Tunnel)
• LTE specifics (any-to-any, multicast, security)LTE specifics (any to any, multicast, security)• Distribution of Edge
• IP/MPLS or Ethernet aggregation are the suitable technologies
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All IP RAN DesignsAll-IP RAN Designs
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Specifics of the mobile operators transport networktransport network
• Network provider is also the customer of the network, therefore he needs to take care of all services:
•IP Routing
O SLA (O&M Q S t )•Own SLAs (O&M, QoS etc.)
•Multicast
•SecuritySecurity
•ATM and TDM services for 2G and legacy 3G
• Layer 2 and Layer 3 services are necessaryLayer 2 and Layer 3 services are necessary
• This leads to optimized design where for example the CE and the PE functions may be combined
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Contradicting Characteristics of RAN Aggregationgg g
• Scaling of services•Number of VPNs limited
•Number of VLANs and MACs limited
•Low number of Queues needed despite H-QoS•Low number of Queues needed despite H-QoS
• Scaling of ports•Low number of end devices on cellsite
•Limited number of rings in aggregation and pre-aggregation
• But, still needed•High bandwidth needed
•Carrier grade architecture (reliability, redundancy etc.)
•Hardened devices
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RAN Transport HierarchyBTS
NxT1/E1
IMA
BSCRNC
MSC
Node B
IMA
SGSN
IP/MPLSL3VPN
GGSN
MSC
L3VPN
Eth tEthernetNodeB Ethernet
NodeBAccess Aggregation Core
Higher capacitiesRedundancies
Last-mileSmall aggregation sites
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RedundanciesPartially meshed interconnectionsDifferent transport technologiesOften includes wireline services
Small aggregation sitesMostly Microwave transportLimited traffic volumesNo redundancies or ring
Aggregation TechnologiesMPLS PBB-TE
(802.1ah, 802.1Qay)MPLS-TP
Multiservice Yes (including Ethernet L2 only L2 onlyL3VPN, ATM, TDM)
Switching capacity High High High
Interoperability Yes Limited Limited
Transport Any Ethernet Only Any
Any-to-Any Yes No No
Multicast Yes No No
Core Interop Native L2 to L3 handover L2 to L3 handoverCore Interop Native L2 to L3 handover needed in Core
L2 to L3 handover needed in Core
Service distribution L3VPN,GGSNSAE/PDN
No No
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Maturity Mature Early adoption Early adoption
All-IP RAN Aggregation - RSTP
Pros:+ Simple deployment
.1q/QinQRing
VLAN 100 802.1qtrunk
+ Simple deployment+ Compact IP addressing
VLAN 100 RNC
7600
802.1qtrunk
VLAN 100
7600802.1qtrunk
GGSN
VLAN 100
7600/MWRCons:- Suboptimal p-2-p- Slow convergence (STP)- Limited to Ethernet Aggregation
L b d t d i
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- Large broadcast domains
Access Aggregation
All-IP RAN Aggregation – EVC/MPLS-TP
VLAN 100
Pros:+ Operational procedures as SDH+ Compact IP addressing
F t
.1q/QinQRing
VLAN 100
VLAN 101
VLAN 102
+ Fast convergence+ Flexible core transport+ Multiservice Aggr. (ATM, TDM etc.)
VLAN 1IP/MPLS RNC
7600
EoMPLS
7600VLAN 201
GGSN
7600/MWRVLAN 202 Cons:
- Suboptimal p-2-p- Large broadcast domains- Complex configuration
Challenging redundancy designs
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- Challenging redundancy designs
Access Aggregation
All-IP RAN Aggregation - VPLSPros:+ Compact IP addressing+ Fast convergence
.1q/QinQRing
VLAN 100
+ Optimal p-2-p+ Flexible core transport+ Multiservice Aggr. (ATM, TDM etc.)
VLAN 100RAN VPLS RNC
7600
VLAN 100
IP/MPLS 7600 GGSN
VLAN 100
7600/MWR Cons:- Large broadcast domains- ES or Sip-400 needed
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p
Access Aggregation
All-IP RAN Aggregation – L3VPNPros:+ Optimal p-2-p+ Fast convergence
S t d b d t d i
.1q/QinQRing
VLAN 100
10.1.1.0/24+ Separated broadcast domains+ Flexible core & access transport+ Multiservice Aggr. (ATM, TDM etc.)
RNC
7600
RAN VRF10.0.1.0/24
IP/MPLS 760010.2.1.0/30
GGSN10.0.2.0/24
7600/MWR10.2.1.4/30
Cons:- Complex IP Addressing
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Access Aggregation
All-IP RAN Design Conclusions
• The Access is usually native Ethernet with REP if possiblepossible
• Aggregation is either native Ethernet or MPLS, whereby:y
•The question mostly is, where the line between MPLS and Ethernet should be made•MPLS is more flexible and multiservice•MPLS is more flexible and multiservice•Ethernet is more cost efficient
• Any-to-any connectivity between NodeBs will be moreAny to any connectivity between NodeBs will be more important in LTE than now
• Layer 2 or Layer 3 decision depends on operators preference and operational procedures
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preference and operational procedures
Synchronization (Frequency)
Solutions:
1. GPS on each NodeBNot suitable for Europe
2. Synchronization over PseudowireCan be used directly between RNC and NodeB
3. IEEE1588v2Packet based synchronization distribution
4. ITU SyncELayer 1 based synchronous Ethernet
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IEEE1588v2 in the RANCore Site
PDSN or SGS
Agg Site
7600with CEoP
ATM
SGSN
NxT1/E1
IMA
FRE1
with CEoP
MSC
FR
BTS BSC
Pseudowires
STM1
IMA C
BSCSTM-1Node B
RNC
Pseudowires
7600with CEoP
RNCEthernetNodeB
IP/MPLS
RNCPre-Agg Site
7600with CEoP
NodeBClock
SourceIEEE1588
MasterIEEE1588v2 Packets
Ethernet SwitchME3400
Ethernet
• Packet based
• One master, multiple slaves
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EthernetNodeB Ethernet
NodeB
One master, multiple slaves
• Requires strict QoS in the network for IEEE1588 packets
• Supports frequency and time (phase)
ITU SyncE in the RANCore Site
PDSN or SGS
Agg Site
7600with CEoP
y
ATM
SGSN
NxT1/E1
IMA
FRE1
with CEoP
MSC
FR
BTS BSC
Pseudowires
STM1
IMA C
BSCSTM-1Node B
RNC
Pseudowires
7600with CEoP
RNCEthernetNodeB
SyncE SyncE
IP/MPLS
RNCPre-Agg Site
7600with CEoP
NodeB
ClockSource
SyncE
SyncE SyncE
SDH Sync
IP/MPLSEthernet Switch
With SyncE
Ethernet
• Layer1 based
• On point-to-point connections only
SyncE
y
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EthernetNodeB Ethernet
NodeB
On point to point connections only
• Very precise but requires support of all ethernet interfaces involved in the path
• Does not support time synchronization
CombinationCore Site
PDSN or SGS
Agg Site
7600with CEoP
ATM
SGSN
NxT1/E1
IMA
FRE1
with CEoP
MSC
FR
BTS BSC
Pseudowires
STM1
IMA C
BSCSTM-1Node B
RNC
Pseudowires
7600with CEoP
RNCEthernetNodeB
SyncE SyncE
IP/MPLS
RNCPre-Agg Site
7600with CEoP
NodeB
ClockSource
SyncE
SDH Sync
IEEE1588v2 IP/MPLS
Ethernet
• Stable clock in the core
• Network element independent in access
Ethernet SwitchME3400 IEEE1588v2
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EthernetNodeB Ethernet
NodeB
Network element independent in access
Legacy RANg yOver IP
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Legacy and All-IP RANBTS
NxT1/E1
IMA
BSCRNC7600
MSC
Node B
IMA
SGSN
7600 IP/MPLSL3VPN
MWR GGSN
MSC
L3VPN
Ethernet
7600IP/MPLS
EthernetNodeB Ethernet
NodeB
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Access Aggregation Core
Network ElementsAttachment Circuit Attachment CircuitPseudo-Wire
CEM Circuit CEM Circuit
Targeted LDP Session
MPLS
7600 7600T1 Data T1 Data
T1 DataControlMPLSMPLS
Channelized T1/E1 to NxDS0Channelized T3 to T1, NxDS0
Channelized OC-3 to T1/E1, NxDS0CESoPSN
Local Switching [Future]
Channelized T1/E1 to NxDS0Channelized T3 to T1, NxDS0Channelized OC-3 to T1/E1, NxDS0
ClearChannel T1/E1/T3 ClearChannel T1/E1/T3SAToPLocal Switching [Future]
T1/E1 ATM IMA T1/E1 ATM IMA
ClearChannel T1/E1 ATMClearChannel T3 ATM
Channelized OC-3 to T1/E1 ATM
ATM PWE3Local Switching
Layer 3 IPv4
ClearChannel T1/E1 ATMClearChannel T3 ATMChannelized OC-3 to T1/E1 ATM
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SAToP : Structured Agnostic TDM over Packet : RFC-4553 CESoP : Circuit Emulation Service over Packet : RFC-4842IMA : Inverse Multiplex over ATM
Pseudowire in the RANRAN traffic groomed over MPLS Pseudowires for backhaul
MPLS needed in Aggregation
Reduced OPEX – Bandwidth Flexibility
Eliminates need for ADM and ATM switchesEliminates need for ADM and ATM switches“Flatten the network”, Simplify, Reduce costs
Pseudowire enables greater flexibility for traffic handlingg y gProactive scalability -- Self-Adjusting Backhaul Transport
Pre-provision new and future services
Provides Clock Recovery per 3GPP CESOPN Standards
LongevityCompliance with 3GPP/3GPP2 Reference Architectures up to R8
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Compliance with 3GPP/3GPP2 Reference Architectures up to R8
Cisco Carrier Ethernet Architecture
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Cisco’s Carrier Ethernet Approach
Carrier Ethernet AggregationAccess Edge Multiservice CoreCorporate
Business
BNG
Aggregation Node
Ethernet
VoD
Content Network
TV SIP
Distribution Node
STB
Residential
Aggregation Network
Business PEDSL
Core Core NetworkIP / MPLS
STB
Corporate
Business
Residential
2G/3G Node
Dark Fibre / CWDM / DWDM and ROADM
STB
Residential
Corporate
Business PON
Dark Fibre / CWDM / DWDM and ROADM
STB
IP/MPLS
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IP/MPLSETHERNET
Cisco 7600Bridging the Solution
TDM to Packet MigrationT1 T3 OC Ch li d
Bridging the Solution
SAToPCES P
Mobile TransformationY 1731 CFM 8 1T1, T3, OCn, Channelized
ATM InterworkingMLPPP, IMAATM Cell Packing/Relay
CESoPAToM , MPLSoGRESyncE, 1588v2, AdaptiveBITS Clocking
Y.1731, CFM 8.1Multicast & HAMultisegment PseudowireIntegrated Routing + Bridging
Modular, Scalable40Gbps / Slot720Gbps Total Bandwidth
ManagementANAISC (Provisioning)
5 Chassis SizesPW3, BFD, Queues scaleVLAN, MAC scale
Customer Network Management (CNM)MIBs
Cisco 7600Cisco 7600
Carrier Class ResiliencyAPS, 802.3ad LACP, REP, BFDAccess Circuit Redundancy
Integrated ServicesL2 and L3 ServicesBusiness and Residential
76007600
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yHot-standby PW RedundancyEnd-to-End OAMNSF/SSO, EFSU, ISSU
Business and ResidentialSession Border ControllerIntegrated SecurityMobile Services
Cisco ASR 9000 “At a Glance”
Optimized for Aggregation of Dense 10GE & 100GEDense 10GE & 100GE
Designed for Longevity & TCO: Scalable up to 400 Gbps of p pBandwidth per Slot
Based on IOS-XR for Nonstop Availability & Manageability
Enables Network Convergence of Business & Residential Services for Fixed & Mobile Access
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Advanced Video DNA
Cisco MWR 2941-DCFCSFCSFebruary 16, 2009February 16, 2009Cisco MWR 2941 DC
1. Cisco’s Latest MWR Series Product2 Six Built In GE Ports (4 RJ 45 2 SFP)2. Six Built-In GE Ports (4 RJ-45, 2 SFP)3. 16 Built-In T1/E1 Ports, expandable to 244. Multiple Industry Standard Clocking
OptionsMWR2941MWR2941
IEEE 1588v2, Sync-E, Adaptive, Stratum 35. Expanded Capacity
Support for 2800/3800 HWICs6. Key Applications
IP RAN: Activate flexible and efficient all-IP RANs for new revenue-generating services with intelligent IP network features
RAN Optimization: Optimize and reduce backhaul costs for 2G (GSM) and 3G (UMTS/HSxPA) wireless networks
Standards Based Pseudowire: Use IETF
Most Compact, Affordable High Performance Cell Site Router with Features Enabled
Most Compact, Affordable High Performance Cell Site Router with Features Enabled
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PWE3 to transport 2G, 3G and 4G wireless networks over low-cost alternative networks such as xDSL, Carrier Ethernet, MPLS, etc.
Features EnabledFeatures Enabled
Market Leading Mobile Network Solutions Positioning for Key Solution Segments
4G Ethernet Centric
New Ethernet/IP centric
Legacy 2G
T1/E1/ATM L2 Backhaul
Positioning for Key Solution SegmentsHybrid 2G/3G/4G
TDM/ATM hybrid with overlays/greenfieldHigh scale & densityCost Leadership Key Infrastructure
PWE3 Circuit EmulationNo Ethernet nodeBsACR, APS and TDM HA mechanisms
yEthernet/IPNew Ethernet / IP centric nodeBs/RNC deploymentInvestment protection Key Infrastructure
platform going forwardIP Gateways: 7600
P tf li
IP Gateways for Mobile EdgeUp to 10G Scale
Portfolio:
pIP Gateways for Mobile EdgeUp to 40G Scale
Portfolio: MWR2941 7600 Portfolio:
ASR9000, MWR2941
Portfolio: MWR2941, 7600
MWR2941, 7600
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Network is the Platform
Cisco Carrier Ethernet - Mobile RAN ServicesMarket Transitions 1+2+3 or 1+2+4 or 3
UMTS ATM Node B GSM BTS
ATM VC, TDM (SATOP, CESoPSN)
E1 (w/ IMA)
ATM or TDM BSCATM RNC1
UMTS ATM Node B, GSM BTS
ATM or TDM S-PE, MS-PWBSCATM RNCThe BTS model may be overlaid on 3 fortactical sales reasons
Static or IGP Overlay on an MST/REP and not protected Ethernet Access Network (DSL, Ethernet P2P)
2
EthernetIP RNC, S-GW
MPLS/IP, MPLS VPNfor LTE IP RAN and UMTS IP RAN
Ethernet
REPThis model assumes GSM TDM infrastructure is used until GSM radio moved to UMTS or LTEMay coexist with 1 and integrate 2
3VPLS/HVPLS for UMTS
VPLS/HVPLS for UMTS
ME-3400E
Mobile RAN Edge Multiservice CoreEfficient Access Large Scale Aggregation
IP RNC, SAE
This model may integrate GSM TDM 4
REP MPLS/IP, MPLS VPNfor LTE IP RAN and UMTS IP RAN
29417600/ES+/CEoPS, SRD2
7600/ES+/CEoPSSRD2
Di t ib ti N d
MPLS enabled Cell Site ATM, TDM, Ethernet
NNIIATM or TDM or Ethernet NNII
2941CRS 3.0
SRD2(ASR09000 FCI)
SRD2(ASR9000 FCI)
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Aggregation Node
MPLSMPLS / IPoDWDM
Distribution Node
2G/3G Cell Site
ATM, TDM, Ethernet Cell Site RNC or BSC
QOS Model - Downstream Distributed Business L2/L3 VPN ServicesDistributed Business L2/L3 VPN Services
Aggregation EdgeAccessPer subscriber service instance, hierarchical Default class basedShaping ,OQS with parent shaper and child queuing, policing and marking
AggregateDiffServ
Default class based queuing policy, to
minimize delay and jitter for Voice/Video
Queuing & scheduling
Marking
Policing
Shaped Rate = Access Line RateScheduling
Aggregation NodeAccess Interface
Business
Corporate
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Aggregation Node Core NodeDistribution NodeCPE Access Node
QOS Model - Upstream Distributed Business L2/L3 VPN ServicesDistributed Business L2/L3 VPN Services
Aggregation CoreAccess
Shaping Ingress class-based policing
AggregateDiffServ
Per subscriber service instance
Ingress policing
Queuing & scheduling
Marking
Policing
based policing and marking per subscriber line
Scheduling
Aggregation NodeAccess Interface
Business
Corporate
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Aggregation Node Core NodeAccess Node Distribution NodeCPE
Baseline Network Availability MechanismyIP Services:
• Fast IGP/BFD convergenceg
MPLS Services:• Pseudowire redundancy • MPLS TE FRR Link and Node protection with IP services PW/VPLS PW tunnel• MPLS TE-FRR Link and Node protection with IP services, PW/VPLS PW tunnel selection
Access:• Resilient Ethernet Protocol
Large ScaleAggregation
IntelligentEdge
MultiserviceCore
Efficient Access
Resilient Ethernet Protocol
Aggregation NodeAccess Node
BNG
Distribution Node
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Aggregation NodeMSE
GTP, IP, MPLS MPLSMPLS / IPEthernet
Access Node Distribution Node
Carrier Ethernet Ring TopologiesCurrent Network Trends and ChallengesCurrent Network Trends and Challenges
• Large Spanning Tree domainsLarge Spanning Tree domainsIncreasing number of nodes in the ring
• Supporting higher number of subscribersIncreasing number of VLANs, MAC addresses per L2
domain
• Carrier Ethernet Trend• Carrier Ethernet TrendFast convergence requirement in the access and aggregation networksSpanning Tree not perceived as Carrier Class
• Complexity of management and troubleshooting as the network grows
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the network grows
Resilient Ethernet ProtocolA segment ProtocolA segment Protocol
REP Segment
BlockedOpenAlternate Port
Link Failure
Edge Port Edge Port
• A REP segment is a chain of ports connected to each other and configured with a segment ID.
• One switch can have only two portsOne switch can have only two portsbelonging to the same segment.
• REP guarantees there is no connectivity between two edge ports
ton a segment. • When all interfaces in the segment
are UP, the alternate port is blockingWh li k it h f il
Blocked
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• When a link or switch failure occurs on the segment, then blocked port goes forwarding REP Segment
REP Benefits
• Fast and predictable convergence – Convergence time: 50 to 250msConvergence time: 50 to 250ms– Fast failure notification even in large rings with high number of
node – Manual configuration for predictable failover behavior g p
•Co-existence with Spanning Tree– STP is deactivated on REP interfaces– Limit the scope of Spanning tree– Limit the scope of Spanning tree– Topology Changes Notification from REP to STP
• Optimal bandwidth utilizationVLAN L d b l i– VLAN Load balancing
• Easy to configure and troubleshoot– Topology archiving for easy troubleshooting
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– Known fixed topology– Simple mechanism to setup the Alternate port (blocking)
Expansion on Demand IBTS
NxT1/E1
IMA
BSCRNC
MSC
Node B
IMA
IP/MPLSSGSN
IP/MPLSL3VPN
GGSN
MSC
L3VPN
Eth tEthernetNodeB Ethernet
NodeB
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Access Aggregation Core
Expansion on Demand IIBTS
NxT1/E1
IMA
BSCRNC
MSC
Node B
IMA
SGSN
IP/MPLSL3VPN
GGSN
MSC
L3VPN
Eth t
IP/MPLS
EthernetNodeB Ethernet
NodeB
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Access Aggregation Core
Expansion on Demand IIIBTS
NxT1/E1
IMA
BSCRNC
MSC
Node B
IMA
SGSN
IP/MPLSL3VPN
GGSN
MSC
L3VPN
Eth t
IP/MPLS
MultiserviceIndependent of the transportN ti IP (A t )Ethernet
NodeB EthernetNodeB
Native IP (Any to any)IPSec supportMulticast supportDistributed or centralizedSt d d b d
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Access Aggregation CoreStandards based
From Ethernet to MPLS/IP
• Access based on simple Ethernet
• Aggregation based on MPLS/IP
• Larger access sites based L2 onlyg y• Migrate to L3 by license when needed
• Add TDM/ATM access ports when needed
• ML-PPP for TDM microwave to Ethernet NodeB
• Add MWR if needed on cell-site
• Expansion of Aggregation towards Access on as needed basis
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All IP RAN Summary
• Designs depend on operator’s needs
• MPLS in Aggregation is more flexible than L2 Aggregation
• Line between Access and Aggregation can move depending on traffic and operator’s structuretraffic and operator s structure
• Any-to-any connectivity may be required for LTE
• Circuit Emulation and ATMoMPLS for legacy RAN to reduce OPEX
Cisco Carrier Ethernet architecture supports various models and• Cisco Carrier Ethernet architecture supports various models and can evolve with the network
• Cisco certified for TDM transport by IP MPLS Forum
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Cisco Networkers 25-28. januar 2010.BarselonaR i t jtRegistrujte se
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