Post on 06-Apr-2018
transcript
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CHARLES H. LEVINE
Presented by Pitri Rahayu
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Prologue
Fiscal Stress and Service Delivery Alternatives
Community-based Crime Prevention Group The Promise of Coproduction
conclusion
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The great taxpayers revolt of 1978
Californias Proposition 13
During the late 1960s and throughout the1970s
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Fiscal stress is an overlay on the anti-government/
bureaucracy framework that conditions the relationshipbetween citizenship and public administration
Dua masalah pokok administrasi publik:1. Bagaimana sebuah pemerintah dapat membangun
dukungan untuk perpajakan membiayai pelayananpublik ketika WN tidak mempercayai pemerintah untukmenghasilkan pelayanan yang layak?
2. Dan, bagaimana pemerintah dapat menyediakan
pelayanan yang layak jika WN tidak mau membayarnyamelalui mekanisme kolektif seperti perpajakan?
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Alternative
methods
Privatizing
SD
Intergovern-
mentalizing
SD
arrangements
Improving
operating
productivity
Deprofession
alizing
bureaucracies
Devolvingservice
responsibility
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Privatizing SD
Intergovernmentalizing SD arrangements
Improving operating productivity
Deprofessionalizing bureaucracies
Devolving service responsibility
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A. Privatizing service delivery1. Contracting with a private for-profit firm2. Franchising services to a private firm3. Vouchers4. User fees and charges to ration demand for services5. Shedding service responsibility to a private firm or non-profit
organization
B. Intergovernmentalizing service delivery arrangements1. Shedding services to another unit of government or authority2. Sharing service responsibility3. Sharing functions like data processing, planning, and communications
C. Improving operating productivity
1. Methods to monitor performance2. Methods to maximize output per dollar3. Methods to improve financial decision making4. Methods to track costs5. Methods to monitor and manage contract
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Altenative methods of delivering services:
D. Deprofessionalizing bureaucracies1. Civilianizing sworn personnel
2. Using volunteers and paraprofessionals3. Using reserves and auxiliaries
E. Devolving service responsibility1. Neighborhood organization of service delivery
2. Self-help3. Coproduction4. Public/private partnerships to solve community
problems
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Alternative SDarrangement Dominant Strategy Citizen Role1) Professionalized
bureaucracySpecialization Client
2) Privatized SD Contracting out/user
fees
Consumer
3) Intergovernmentalized SDarrangements
Shedding and sharingservice responsibility
Client
4) Improved operating
productivity
Maximization of
output
Client
5) Deprofessionalizedbureaucracies
Use ofparaprofessionals/civilanization
Marginal employee
6) Devolved serviceresponsibility
Coproduction Coproducer
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Causes SolutionsReporting inconvenient; takes toomuch time; dont want to botherpolice; difficulties with police
Simplify reporting; pamphlets onwhat to report; limit work hours;support from police, positiveattitude
Fear of involvement Anonymous reportingNo official recognition; no supportfrom police, neighborhood,members, other organizations
Awards, media coverage, ID cards;faster response time by police;community involvement
Novelty wears off; lost interest;
dont think important; nothing todo
Other activities; other affiliations;
increased responsibilities; showsuccesses
Its not my job; thats what policeare for
Offer tax credits for participation
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Causes SolutionsLoss of community pride; apathy;not important; not seen aseffective; no sense of security
Develop community support;sense of community,neighborhood unity; contactmembers frequently; show
success; support of and by policyBoredom; loss interest Include other issues; redevelop
goals
Members do not have time,money for gas, phones, access,etc.
Seek contributions; decreaseamount of work by each member;environmental changes
Not well organized; internalconflict; negative purpose
Other affiliations; simplifyactivities; develop multipupose,non-crime sctivity
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First
how generalizable is this example to other services that are not so
central to citizens lives or so crisis prone?
Second
what are the equity considerations that likely will arise from such
administrative reforms?
Third
how does a narrow citizen-based, service-providing group promote
the development of such attributes of citizenship as trust ingovernment, citizen efficacy, and a concern for the common good?
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Equity
The crucial point about thecoproduction concept is that ithighlights a different understandingof urban service delivery, and ofproductivity improvement, from thatincorporated in the dominant model[i.e. public administrators produceservices, citizens consume them].Here, the assumption is not that
government officials perform forcitizens, and therefore bear totalresponsibility for productivityimprovements of lack thereof; rather,the emphasis is upon service deliveryas a joint venture, involving bothcitizens and government agents.
(Sharp argument)
Wealthier, better-educated,or nonminority citizens maybe more willing to engagein coproduction activities.To the extent thatcoproduction raises the
quality of services received,it may exacerbate gapsbetween the advantagedand disadvantaged classes.
Rosentraub and Sharp
Observation)
Generalizability
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Bridges to citizenship
At the minimum, sucha bridge needs threestands: inovation,participation, and
loyalty.
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The crucial point about the coproduction concept is that it highlights a different understanding of urban servicedelivery, and of productivity improvement, from that incorporated in the dominant model [i.e. public
administrators produce services, citizens consume them]. Here, the assumption is not that government officialsperform for citizens, and therefore bear total responsibility for productivity improvements of lack thereof;
rather, the emphasis is upon service delivery as a joint venture, involving both citizens and government agents.
(Sharp argument)
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Wealthier, better-educated, or nonminority citizens may be more willing to engage in coproduction activities. To the extent thatcoproduction raises the quality of services received, it may exacerbate gaps between the advantaged and disadvantaged classes.
Rosentraub and Sharp Observation)
Decentralization will soon be followed by disparities inpractices among the numerous small units, brought on by differences in humanfinancial resources, that will engender demands for central intervention to restore equality and balance and concerted action.
(herbert kaufman)
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At the minimum, such a bridge needs threestands: innovation, participation, and loyalty.