Post on 25-Jun-2015
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CIVIL WAR
The Nation Splits
Election of 1860
• Abraham Lincoln: Illinois. Republican • Stephen Douglas: Illinois. Northern
Democrat• John Breckinridge: Kentucky. Southern
Democrat• John Bell: Tennessee. Confederate Union.
Was a former Whig/Moderate
Election of 1860
• Abraham Lincoln WINS!!• Gets almost all the NORTH votes. • Gets NONE of the Southern votes– Not even on the Southern ballots!
• Southerners were very angry he won election– “Abolitionist in the White House”– “Lost their Voice in government”
Election of 1860
• Abraham Lincoln WINS!!• Gets almost all the NORTH votes. • Gets NONE of the Southern votes– Not even on the Southern ballots!
• Southerners were very angry he won election– “Abolitionist in the White House”– “Lost their Voice in government”
Secession
• John Crittenden: Kentucky Senator. Attempts to heal the nation with an “Unamendable” Amendment that would guarantee the right to own slaves in the South.
• South Carolina is first to SECEDE [leave the Union]!
Secession
• John Crittenden: Kentucky Senator. Attempts to heal the nation with an “Unamendable” Amendment that would guarantee the right to own slaves in the South.
• South Carolina is first to SECEDE [leave the Union]!
Secession
• “It is the right of the people to alter or to abolish a government that denies the rights of its citizens” Declaration of Independence
Secession
• “It is the right of the people to alter or to abolish a government that denies the rights of its citizens” Declaration of Independence
Confederacy
• Convention: Southern states meet in Montgomery, Alabama to create a nation
• Confederate States of America: Southern nation
• Jefferson Davis [Mississippi]: Elected President
Confederacy
• Convention: Southern states meet in Montgomery, Alabama to create a nation
• Confederate States of America: Southern nation
• Jefferson Davis [Mississippi]: Elected President
Confederacy
• Convention: Southern states meet in Montgomery, Alabama to create a nation
• Confederate States of America: Southern nation
• Jefferson Davis [Mississippi]: Elected President
Jefferson Davis
Lincoln
• Abraham Lincoln speaks to the nation• Goals– Preserve the Union: Claimed secession was
unconstitutional– Avoid War: Claimed he would NOT declare war
on the South. War would only happen if the South started it
Fort Sumter
• South SEIZES military forts located in their region
• Confederate soldiers attacked and bombed Fort Sumter in South Carolina.
• The war has begun!
Fort Sumter
• South SEIZES military forts located in their region
• Confederate soldiers attacked and bombed Fort Sumter in South Carolina.
• The war has begun!
Civil War
• Four years long– “Brother against Brother”
• More Americans died in this conflict than any other American war
• Martial Law: Lincoln declared the army was in control, not government. Did this to keep the peace and stop protests
• “Rich Mans War…Poor Mans Fight!”– Only poor people were drafted into the fighting
Civil War
• NORTH: • South were traitors• Many Northern volunteers showed up to fight– Wanted to preserve the Union
• Copperheads: Northerner who SUPPORTED the South. They were NOT well-liked
Civil War
• NORTH: • South were traitors• Many Northern volunteers showed up to fight– Wanted to preserve the Union
• Copperheads: Northerner who SUPPORTED the South. They were NOT well-liked
Civil War
• SOUTH• Believed they had the right to secede• Many willingly wanted to fight for their
independence and way of life• Problems: The new Southern nation
struggled to stay together– Did NOT want to pay taxes– Georgia threatened to secede from the South!
Civil War
• BORDER STATES• 1861: 8 SLAVE states that were technically
located in the NORTH!• Confederate States: Virginia, North
Carolina, Tennessee & Arkansas• Union: Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky &
Missouri
Strategy
• NORTH• Naval Blockade: Stop trade and cripple
southern economy• Invade South: Attack and take Richmond
[South Capital]• Invade West: Take control of Mississippi
River
Strategy
• SOUTH• Defensive War: Wait for North to attack
then defend themselves• European Money: Borrow money from
Europe nations that traded with them
Strategy
• “Our men must prevail in combat…or they will lose their property, country, freedom…in short, they will lose everything” Jefferson Davis
BATTLES
• AT SEA– Union/North: Blockaded southern ports– Confederacy/South: Used “Blockade
Runners” to escape
• Iron-clad Ships:–Merrimack: Southern Ship. Was an abandoned
old northern ship–Monitor: Northern ship, was faster and stronger
than the Merrimack
BATTLES
• Battle of Bull Run: 1st Major battle of the war
• South wins in an upset!!• “Stonewall” Jackson: Very tough
Southern general leads them to victory.• George McClellan: Northern commander.
Cautious, lazy and unorganized
Battles
• Battle of Antietam: South ties in Maryland • General Robert E. Lee: Leads South• Gen. George McClellan: Fails to capture
and win this battle in spite of having Lee’s battle plans. Lincoln FIRES HIM!
• Ambrose Burnside: Replaces him as Commander of the Union Army
Ambrose Burnside
Battles
• Battle of Fredricksburg: Northern Army attacks Robert E. Lee 6 times, and fails each time.
• Battle out West: Northern general Ulysses S. Grant defeats the Southern leaders in Tennessee and takes control of the important Mississippi River
Battles
• Battle of Shiloh: The bloodiest battle of the war
• General Grant: Defeats the South with help from reinforcements– This win begins to break the Southern morale
Battles
• Battle of Chancellorsville: South wins!• General Lee & Jackson: Outsmart the
North again and again. • General Jackson: Accidentally shot and
killed by his own troops who thought he was a Northern soldier
Battles
• Battle of Vicksburg: Mississippi• General Grant: Now the Commander of
the Union Army.• Uses Total War to take control of
Mississippi River & Port Hudson
Battles
• Battle of Gettysburg: Lee marched North to Pennsylvania.
• Gen. George Meade [North]: Meets Lee head on in a huge open field. – 400,000 soldiers die in this battle, all of the dead
are buried there.
War Ends
• Gen. William Sherman: Burns Atlanta [Total War]
• Richmond Falls• Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S.
Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse [Virginia].
• The war is OVER!
Women in the War
• Nurses: Dorothea Dix, Clara Barton & Sojourner Truth [North]. Sally Tompkins [South]
• Loretta Janeta Velazquez: Fought as a soldier for the North
• Rose Greenhow: Was a spy for the South
Abraham Lincoln
• President • At 6’4, was the tallest President• From Illinois • Hated slavery, thought is was “moral wrong”
Abraham Lincoln
• Civil War: 1st goal was to preserve the Union, no matter what.
Lincoln & Slavery
• Wanted to keep slavery from spreading• 1862– Freed the slaves with the Emancipation
Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
• “On the 1st day of January…all persons held as slaves within any state or…part of a state whose people are in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward and forever free” Lincoln